The discovery of the americas
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The document summarizes the European discovery and conquest of the Americas. It describes Christopher Columbus' voyages in 1492 that led to the discovery of America, followed by conquistadors like Hernan Cortes who conquered the Aztec in Mexico in 1519 and Francisco Pizarro who captured the Inca emperor in Peru in 1532. It also provides brief overviews of the three major civilizations - the Maya, Aztec and Inca - found in Central and South America, highlighting some of their key characteristics and accomplishments.
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Aztec and Inca Civilizations
The Aztec Empire originated in Mexico in the 15th century, establishing their first capital of Tenochtitlan. The Inca Empire began in Peru around the same time, establishing Cuzco as their capital. Both empires grew powerful through conquest, with the Aztec Empire reaching its height under Moctezuma and the Inca Empire under Pachacuti. However, both empires fell in the 16th century with the arrival of Spanish conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro, who took the leaders hostage and exploited divisions to conquer the much larger empires.
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The major civilizations that developed in Middle and South America included the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca. The Olmec civilization emerged around 1500 BC in Mexico and parts of Central America. The Maya civilization developed complex cities and pyramids between 2600 BC to 900 AD across Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and Belize. The Aztec empire rose to power between the 14th to 16th centuries in central Mexico, building the large city of Tenochtitlan. The Inca empire expanded across the western highlands of South America between 1200 to 1532, with its capital at Cuzco.
Mesoamerican civilizations
The document summarizes the origins and cultures of indigenous peoples in the Americas, including the Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations. It describes how Native Americans migrated to the Americas over a land bridge connecting Asia to Alaska around 13,000 years ago. It provides details about the complex societies and achievements of these civilizations, such as their advanced agricultural practices, construction of major cities and temples, and calendars. It also outlines their religious practices and how European diseases and conquest by the Spanish led to the collapse of the Aztec and Inca Empires in the 16th century.
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The Inca civilization originated in Peru in the 13th century and grew into a large empire under the rule of Pachacuti in the 15th century. The Incas built an extensive network of roads and aqueducts, developed advanced agricultural techniques, and created impressive stone architecture. However, the smallpox virus and the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro weakened and defeated the Inca in the 1530s. Pizarro captured and executed the Inca emperor Atahualpa, claiming control of the former Inca territory for Spain.
The Inca Empire
The Inca civilization emerged in 1438 in pre-Columbian America and established the largest empire in South America centered in Cusco, Peru. The Inca Empire was conquered by Spanish forces in 1572. Machu Picchu, an ancient Inca city located high in the Andes mountains in Peru, became renowned as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World and is often referred to as the "lost city of the Incas". The ancient Incas studied the stars and constellations and gave names to formations in the Milky Way galaxy.
Ancient Civilizations : Inca
The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, stretching over 4,800 km from Ecuador to Argentina. The Inca civilization arose in Peru in the early 13th century and was united under an absolute ruler from their capital city of Cuzco. At its height, the Inca Empire had organized rule over 12 million people and hundreds of tribes through a common language and government. The Inca organized a socialist society with mutual benefits and shared harvests, believing that individuals worked for the benefit of all.
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This document provides an overview of Native American arts from various regions including Mesoamerica, South America, and North America after 1300 AD. It covers major cultures and time periods like the Aztec, Maya, Inca, and tribes from the Southwest, Northwest Coast, Great Plains. It describes art forms like masks, totem poles, pottery, textiles, and ledger drawings. It also mentions architectural sites like Machu Picchu and structures used for religious ceremonies.
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The Inca civilization flourished in Peru from around 1200-1532 AD, growing from a small kingdom centered around Cuzco into a vast empire spanning South America. Under leaders like Pachacuti and Topa Inca, the Incas expanded their territory through conquest and developed policies to integrate conquered peoples. The Incas built impressive infrastructure like roads, suspension bridges, and temples, and were renowned for their precise stonework. However, the empire fell into civil war in the 1530s, allowing the Spanish, led by Francisco Pizarro, to defeat the Incas and destroy their civilization within several decades of their arrival.
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The Aztec Empire originated in Mexico in the 15th century, establishing their first capital of Tenochtitlan. The Inca Empire began in Peru around the same time, establishing Cuzco as their capital. Both empires grew powerful through conquest, with the Aztec Empire reaching its height under Moctezuma and the Inca Empire under Pachacuti. However, both empires fell in the 16th century with the arrival of Spanish conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro, who took the leaders hostage and exploited divisions to conquer the much larger empires.
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The major civilizations that developed in Middle and South America included the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca. The Olmec civilization emerged around 1500 BC in Mexico and parts of Central America. The Maya civilization developed complex cities and pyramids between 2600 BC to 900 AD across Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and Belize. The Aztec empire rose to power between the 14th to 16th centuries in central Mexico, building the large city of Tenochtitlan. The Inca empire expanded across the western highlands of South America between 1200 to 1532, with its capital at Cuzco.
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The document summarizes the origins and cultures of indigenous peoples in the Americas, including the Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations. It describes how Native Americans migrated to the Americas over a land bridge connecting Asia to Alaska around 13,000 years ago. It provides details about the complex societies and achievements of these civilizations, such as their advanced agricultural practices, construction of major cities and temples, and calendars. It also outlines their religious practices and how European diseases and conquest by the Spanish led to the collapse of the Aztec and Inca Empires in the 16th century.
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The Inca civilization originated in Peru in the 13th century and grew into a large empire under the rule of Pachacuti in the 15th century. The Incas built an extensive network of roads and aqueducts, developed advanced agricultural techniques, and created impressive stone architecture. However, the smallpox virus and the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro weakened and defeated the Inca in the 1530s. Pizarro captured and executed the Inca emperor Atahualpa, claiming control of the former Inca territory for Spain.
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The Inca civilization emerged in 1438 in pre-Columbian America and established the largest empire in South America centered in Cusco, Peru. The Inca Empire was conquered by Spanish forces in 1572. Machu Picchu, an ancient Inca city located high in the Andes mountains in Peru, became renowned as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World and is often referred to as the "lost city of the Incas". The ancient Incas studied the stars and constellations and gave names to formations in the Milky Way galaxy.
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The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, stretching over 4,800 km from Ecuador to Argentina. The Inca civilization arose in Peru in the early 13th century and was united under an absolute ruler from their capital city of Cuzco. At its height, the Inca Empire had organized rule over 12 million people and hundreds of tribes through a common language and government. The Inca organized a socialist society with mutual benefits and shared harvests, believing that individuals worked for the benefit of all.
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This document provides an overview of Native American arts from various regions including Mesoamerica, South America, and North America after 1300 AD. It covers major cultures and time periods like the Aztec, Maya, Inca, and tribes from the Southwest, Northwest Coast, Great Plains. It describes art forms like masks, totem poles, pottery, textiles, and ledger drawings. It also mentions architectural sites like Machu Picchu and structures used for religious ceremonies.
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The Inca civilization flourished in Peru from around 1200-1532 AD, growing from a small kingdom centered around Cuzco into a vast empire spanning South America. Under leaders like Pachacuti and Topa Inca, the Incas expanded their territory through conquest and developed policies to integrate conquered peoples. The Incas built impressive infrastructure like roads, suspension bridges, and temples, and were renowned for their precise stonework. However, the empire fell into civil war in the 1530s, allowing the Spanish, led by Francisco Pizarro, to defeat the Incas and destroy their civilization within several decades of their arrival.
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The Olmecs were the earliest known civilization in Mexico, known for giant carved stone heads. They flourished from 1400 BC to 400 BC before disappearing. The Aztecs ruled central Mexico from 1100-1522 AD, building cities like Tenochtitlan. They had a complex religion involving human sacrifice. They were conquered by the Spanish in 1521. The Mayas occupied the Yucatan peninsula from 1800 BC to 900 AD, developing an accurate calendar, hieroglyphic writing, and advanced math. They built great stone cities before their decline.
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The earliest American civilization was the Olmec civilization, which emerged around 1400 BC along the Gulf Coast of Mexico. They built ceremonial centers rather than cities and are known for their colossal stone heads. The Olmecs invented the first calendar and form of writing in Mesoamerica. Between 300-900 AD, the Maya flourished in southern Mexico and Central America, building great cities like Tikal with towering pyramid temples and palaces. They developed advanced agricultural techniques, hieroglyphic writing, mathematics, and an accurate solar calendar. Around 900 AD, the Maya mysteriously abandoned their cities, though remnants of their civilization remain today.
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The Olmecs were the earliest known civilization in Mexico, known for giant carved stone heads. They flourished from 1400 BC to 400 BC before disappearing. The Aztecs ruled central Mexico from 1100-1522 AD, building cities like Tenochtitlan. They had a complex religion involving human sacrifice. They were conquered by the Spanish in 1521. The Mayas occupied the Yucatan peninsula from 1800 BC to 900 AD, developing an accurate calendar, hieroglyphic writing, and advanced math. They built great stone cities before their decline.
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This PowerPoint was created by Kendra Cook. The material was adapted from "Journey Across Time," Glencoe, 2005.
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The most significant characteristics of pre-Aztec Central American societies like the Olmec included:
1. An agriculturally-based economy focused on cultivation of crops like maize and cacao using techniques like slash-and-burn and terracing.
2. The development of large, religiously and politically centralized cities and city-states like Teotihuacan with tens of thousands of residents.
3. Hierarchical social structures with distinct upper, middle, and lower classes and gendered division of labor.
4. Advanced mathematics, astronomy, and writing systems developed by cultures like the Maya.
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This document provides an overview of early civilizations in the Americas from around 1500 BCE to 1500 CE. It discusses the Olmec civilization as the first in Mesoamerica, followed by the rise of the Maya, Teotihuacan, Toltec, and Aztec empires. It also summarizes the civilizations of the American Southwest including the Hohokam, Anasazi, and Mogollon. In eastern North America, it outlines the Mississippian culture and Cahokia mound builders. In South America, it discusses the Chavin, Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, and the rise of the Inca Empire under Pachacuti.
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Hunter-gatherer bands first crossed into North America over 25,000 years ago via the Bering Land Bridge. By 6000 BC, farming had developed in Mesoamerica and villages had formed. Several major civilizations rose in Mesoamerica, including the Olmec, Maya, and Aztec. The Olmec are considered the "mother culture" as they developed writing, calendars, and built stone cities. The Maya flourished from 300-900 AD, developing advanced mathematics and astronomy. The Aztec empire expanded through conquest in the 1400s and had a capital at Tenochtitlan home to over 5 million people, though they engaged in human sacrifice. In South America, the Inca established a vast
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The document provides biographical information on several individuals from the Spanish Empire in the Americas between the 15th-17th centuries, including both indigenous people and those of mixed European/indigenous descent. It also summarizes key events and aspects of Aztec and Spanish rule in Mexico, such as the rise and fall of the Aztec Empire and their practices of human sacrifice, as well as the Spanish conquest led by Hernan Cortes and the introduction of Christianity. The Spanish Empire grew to become the largest in the world during this time period through exploration, colonial expansion, and opening global trade routes.
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The document summarizes three ancient civilizations in South and Central America: the Inca, Maya, and Aztec civilizations. It describes the geographical locations and histories of each civilization, how their societies were divided into classes like kings, nobles, and peasants, their religious practices and gods, and aspects of their culture like architecture, writing systems, and art. The Inca civilization extended throughout western South America with its capital in Cuzco, Peru. The Maya civilization spanned southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras. The Aztec civilization was located in central Mexico with its capital in Tenochtitlan.
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Use this powerpoint to learn what characteristics define a Civilization. Fill out A4 as you take detailed notes on the Incas.
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The document provides an overview of three major pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas: the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. It discusses the locations and landscapes of these civilizations, as well as some of their major cities. Key cultural aspects covered include architecture, agriculture, mathematics, calendars, and religious practices such as human sacrifice. Photos accompany the text to illustrate examples of artifacts, structures, and terrain related to each civilization.
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The document provides information about three ancient civilizations - the Maya, Aztec, and Inca. It describes the locations and origins of these civilizations, details about their governments, religions, and cultural practices. The Maya lived in Mesoamerica and built cities like Chichen Itza, practicing agriculture, calendars, and hieroglyphic writing. The Aztecs dominated central Mexico with their capital of Tenochtitlan built in a lake, known for human sacrifice and conquering neighboring tribes. The Inca ruled the Andes with an emperor in Cuzco, constructing elaborate roads and stonework while following Sun god worship and organized community roles.
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The earliest American civilization was the Olmec civilization, which emerged around 1400 BC along the Gulf Coast of Mexico. They built ceremonial centers rather than cities and are known for their colossal stone heads. The Olmecs invented the first calendar and form of writing in Mesoamerica. Between 300-900 AD, the Maya flourished in southern Mexico and Central America, building great cities like Tikal with towering pyramid temples and palaces. They developed advanced agricultural techniques, hieroglyphic writing, mathematics, and an accurate solar calendar. Around 900 AD, the Maya mysteriously abandoned their cities, though remnants of their civilization remain today.
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This PowerPoint was created by Kendra Cook. The material was adapted from "Journey Across Time," Glencoe, 2005.
Mayan architecture
Mayan architecture includes stepped pyramids and temples used for religious ceremonies. Main constructions were ceremonial platforms, palaces, and ball courts. Key Mayan cities were Chichen Itza, known for its diverse architecture; Tikal, the capital of a powerful Mayan kingdom; and Uxmal, representative of Puuc architectural styles.
INCA TRAIL
The Inca Empire was a powerful civilization that united tribes in the Andes mountains through a common language and religion. They built an extensive network of stone roads over 2,500 miles long to connect coastal areas to the highlands. Some of these Inca trails are still used today by local farmers or form the basis for modern roads. One such trail is the Inca Trail, a well-preserved 4-day walk that connects the lost city of Machu Picchu to Cusco through varying landscapes like high altitude passes and cloud forests, culminating in views of Machu Picchu from the Sun Gate.
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The document discusses several key events and civilizations from the 15th-17th centuries:
- It describes three pre-Columbian American civilizations - the Aztecs in central Mexico, Mayans in Central America, and Incas in western South America. It provides details on their societies, religions, and conquest by Europeans.
- The Age of Discovery began in 1492 with Christopher Columbus' voyage to the Americas while seeking a route to Asia, opening the door for European colonization of the New World.
- The French Revolution erupted in 1789, overthrowing the French monarchy and old order, a key event of the Modern Era.
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The encounter between Europeans and the Aztec and Inca civilizations led to conflict and consequences. Hernan Cortes conquered the powerful Aztec Empire led by Montezuma in Mexico between 1519-1521 by allying with local groups, taking Montezuma hostage, and destroying the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. Francisco Pizarro similarly conquered the Inca Empire in Peru between 1531-1533 by capturing its ruler Atahualpa through deception and using superior weapons, despite a ransom of gold and silver being paid. Both civilizations were subsequently dominated by Spanish rule over the following centuries.
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2) In the 1450s, the Portuguese developed new sailing technologies like the caravel that allowed them to explore along the west coast of Africa.
3) Columbus received funding from Spain in 1492 to sail west to reach Asia, but instead discovered the Americas, opening the door for widespread exploration and colonization of the new world by Europeans over subsequent centuries.
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The document describes the state of the world in 1492 across various regions:
- In Europe, small states were uniting into new kingdoms like Spain, while Eastern Europe was dominated by the Orthodox Church.
- The Ottoman Empire had taken over the Byzantine Empire, giving Muslims control over Turkey, North Africa, and parts of Asia.
- South Asia was mostly under Muslim rule except for southern Hindu kingdoms, while China struggled with bureaucracy and focused on defending itself.
- In the Americas, the Aztecs and Incas had powerful empires while other groups like the Mayans had declined. Major crops included maize, potatoes and quinoa.
- Europeans began exploring and conqu
Explorer powerpoint
The document provides information on several key European explorers who explored the New World between the 15th and 16th centuries, including Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, Amerigo Vespucci, Juan Ponce de Leon, and Henry Hudson. It summarizes their expeditions and discoveries, which helped expand European knowledge of and claims to territories in North and South America.
01 discovery and_settlement_of_a_new_world
1. The first Americans migrated to North America from Asia across the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age, gradually migrating south following food sources.
2. Europeans began exploring in the 15th century for economic, religious, and political reasons, seeking new trade routes, wealth, and converts to Christianity. This led to contact with indigenous peoples in the Americas.
3. The major European powers that engaged in colonization of North America were Spain, Portugal, France, and the Netherlands in the 16th-18th centuries, with Spain establishing the first permanent colonies through conquests of the Aztecs and Incas for gold and territory.
Culture, religion and technology
Organize and identify new locations that explorers discovered.
Name, write, and organize information of at least
3 explorers.
Soc studies#5 early explorations
Early European explorers like the Vikings, Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator, and explorers he sponsored like Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama paved the way for later explorations. Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage, sponsored by Spain, officially discovered the Americas for Europe, though he believed he had reached Asia. Subsequent explorers like Amerigo Vespucci and Vasco Nunez de Balboa mapped the Americas and helped name and define them as new continents separate from Asia, while Ferdinand Magellan was the first to circumnavigate the globe, demonstrating the Earth was not flat.
Amsc och01
This document provides an overview of the exploration, discovery, and settlement of North America between 1492-1700. It describes the cultures that existed in North America prior to European contact, including both small nomadic groups and larger complex societies. It then outlines factors that drove European exploration such as technological advances, religious conflicts, trade expansion, and the development of nation-states. Key early explorers and their voyages are summarized, including Columbus, Cabot, Cartier, and others. Spanish and English colonial settlements are briefly described.
Conquest of paradise
The document summarizes the conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires by Spanish conquistadors in the 1500s. It describes the Aztecs and Incas, who lived in Central America and the Andes respectively, and their cultures. It then outlines how Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs in the 1520s and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas in the 1530s, taking advantage of disease and technology. It also briefly discusses other Spanish explorations and the social hierarchy that developed under Spanish rule in the Americas.
European exploration 10 11
1. European explorers like Columbus and Cortes explored the Americas in the late 1400s-1500s seeking gold, glory, and to spread Christianity.
2. Columbus established the first permanent colony in the Americas but failed to find a direct trade route to Asia.
3. Subsequent Spanish explorers like Coronado searched the interior of North America, including Texas, for rumored cities of gold but found no riches.
4. French explorers like La Salle later explored Texas in the late 1600s, claiming the region for France in hopes of establishing profitable colonies.
The catholic monarchs
Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón united their kingdoms through marriage in 1469. Together they conquered the kingdom of Granada from the Moors in 1492, completing the Reconquista of Spain. They established the Spanish Inquisition to combat heresy and financed Christopher Columbus' voyage in 1492, leading to the discovery of America and expansion of Spanish territory.
Intro to exploration
The document discusses the Age of Exploration, beginning with Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492 which landed in the Caribbean believing he had reached India. It then discusses other European explorers like Amerigo Vespucci and Ferdinand Magellan who mapped and explored new territories. The Spanish conquistadors encountered the Aztec and Inca empires in the Americas and brought back gold, silver, and diseases that killed many native peoples. The English and French began exploring northern routes when the southern routes were claimed. John Cabot explored the northeast coast of North America for England. Francis Drake began raiding Spanish ships, leading to conflict like the Spanish Armada. The explorations expanded European knowledge and influence around the world.
Spanish empire
The document discusses the Spanish Empire under the Habsburg dynasty between the 15th and 17th centuries. It focuses on the Habsburgs' political goals of accessing American resources like gold and silver, protecting Catholicism during the Protestant Reformation, and spreading Christianity. During this period, known as the Spanish Golden Age, Spain's arts and literature flourished under great artists. The Spanish also began colonizing the Americas, initially motivated by trade and religious conversion of indigenous peoples. Their colonization efforts were led by figures like Christopher Columbus and Vasco Nunez de Balboa.
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The discovery of the americas
- 1. The Discovery of the Americas
- 2. Christopher Columbus • Italian navigator and explorer • Catholic monarchs financed his expeditions • He wanted to find a western route to Asia • October 12 1492 he discovered America • He landed on the
- 3. ROUTE
- 4. Hernan Cortes • A Conquistador who went to Mexico in 1519 • He conquered Aztec and captured the king (Montezuma) • He founded Mexico city and became the governor of New Spain
- 5. ROUTE
- 6. FRANCISCO PIZARRO • Conquistador • In 1532 he went to Peru. • He captured Inca emperor Atahualpa and conqured Inca.
- 7. ROUTE
- 8. Three Great Civilizations of the New World
- 10. MAYAS• Organized as powerful city-states • Central America - MEXICO, BELIZE, GUATEMALA and HONDURAS • Have an advance writing system
- 12. Maya script - Hieroglyphics
- 13. Mayan City
- 17. AZTECS• Governed by an EMPEROR • Central Mexico • Centered around religion – pyramid • Most Aztec were farmers
- 18. Aztec Emperors
- 19. Aztec Gods
- 20. Aztec Temple
- 21. farming
- 22. INCAS• South America – Peru • Cuzco – capital city • Quechua – language • Built system of roads and used llamas to transport goods
- 23. Inca Empire
- 24. People
- 25. Llamas