The diplococci bacteria are round-shaped microbes, and occur in the .pdf
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The diplococci bacteria are round-shaped microbes, and occur in the form of cell pairs. Gram- negative is a term used in association with these bacteria, which means that a crystal violet dye is not retained (in the protocol of Gram staining) by these organisms. Those bacteria, which retain this dye are known as gram positive. Neisseria Meningitidis: It is amongst the most important gram negative diplococci, and is responsible for causing meningitis. . It is a leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis . Meningitis may be accompanied by appearance of petechiae (rash) that is associated with meningococcal bacteremia (i.e.,meningococemia). Symptoms Early meningitis symptoms may mimic the flu (influenza). Symptoms may develop over several hours or over a few days. Possible signs and symptoms in anyone older than the age of 2 include: · Sudden high fever · Stiff neck · Severe headache that seems different than normal · Headache with nausea or vomiting · Confusion or difficulty concentrating · Seizures · Sleepiness or difficulty waking · Sensitivity to light · No appetite or thirst · Skin rash (sometimes, such as in meningococcal meningitis) Doctor will also order a lumbar puncture. This test is also called a spinal tap. It allows your doctor to look for increased pressure in the central nervous system. It can also find inflammation or bacteria in the spinal fluid. This test can also help determine the best antibiotic for treatment. Bacterial meningitis requires immediate hospitalization. Early diagnosis and treatment will prevent brain damage and death. Bacterial meningitis is treated with intravenous antibiotics. There’s no specific antibiotic for bacterial meningitis. It depends on the bacteria involved. Solution The diplococci bacteria are round-shaped microbes, and occur in the form of cell pairs. Gram- negative is a term used in association with these bacteria, which means that a crystal violet dye is not retained (in the protocol of Gram staining) by these organisms. Those bacteria, which retain this dye are known as gram positive. Neisseria Meningitidis: It is amongst the most important gram negative diplococci, and is responsible for causing meningitis. . It is a leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis . Meningitis may be accompanied by appearance of petechiae (rash) that is associated with meningococcal bacteremia (i.e.,meningococemia). Symptoms Early meningitis symptoms may mimic the flu (influenza). Symptoms may develop over several hours or over a few days. Possible signs and symptoms in anyone older than the age of 2 include: · Sudden high fever · Stiff neck · Severe headache that seems different than normal · Headache with nausea or vomiting · Confusion or difficulty concentrating · Seizures · Sleepiness or difficulty waking · Sensitivity to light · No appetite or thirst · Skin rash (sometimes, such as in meningococcal meningitis) Doctor will also order a lumbar puncture. This test is also called a spinal tap. It allows your do.
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Bacterial & Viral Meningitis
Comparing and Contrasting Bacterial and Viral Meningitis. This was done for my Microbiology class.
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Pbl 3 –pod 1 : the morphology and structure of Neisseria meningitidis, the tr...
Pbl 3 –pod 1 : the morphology and structure of Neisseria meningitidis, the tr...imam univarsity , college of medicine .
Objective :
describe the morphology and structure of Neisseria meningitidis
describe the transmission and clinical features of meningitides
describe the process of development of meningitides
what is the diagnostic test required for Neisseria meningitidis
list the other causes of meningitis and its cfc finding
done by : asem shadid , college of medicine .Introduction to Meningitis for Medical Students
Meningitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling. However, injuries, cancer, certain drugs, and other types of infections also can cause meningitis. It is important to know the specific cause of meningitis because the treatment differs depending on the cause.
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Pbl 3 –pod 1 : the morphology and structure of Neisseria meningitidis, the tr...
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Objective :
describe the morphology and structure of Neisseria meningitidis
describe the transmission and clinical features of meningitides
describe the process of development of meningitides
what is the diagnostic test required for Neisseria meningitidis
list the other causes of meningitis and its cfc finding
done by : asem shadid , college of medicine .Introduction to Meningitis for Medical Students
Meningitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling. However, injuries, cancer, certain drugs, and other types of infections also can cause meningitis. It is important to know the specific cause of meningitis because the treatment differs depending on the cause.
Headache, Dizziness, Syncope and Palpitations1. What are the prima.pdf
Headache, Dizziness, Syncope and Palpitations
1. What are the primary causes of meningitis?
What are the common manifestations associated with meningitis?
How does meningitis alter normal physiological function and cause each of the manifestations
that you listed above?
2. What are the primary causes of encephalitis?
What are the common manifestations associated with encephalitis?
How does encephalitis alter normal physiological function and cause each of the manifestations
that you listed above?
3. List the two primary causes of increased intracranial pressure.
Explain at least two mechanisms by which the increased intracranial pressure alters neural tissue
function.
Solution
Ans 1: Causes of meningitis: Meningitis is typically caused by an infection with microorganisms.
Viral infections are the most common cause of meningitis, followed by bacterial infections and,
rarely, fungal infections. Bacterial meningitis is generally a serious infection. It is caused by
three types of bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, and
Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria.
Bacteria that enter the bloodstream and travel to the brain and spinal cord cause acute bacterial
meningitis. But it can also occur when bacteria directly invade the meninges. This may be caused
by an ear or sinus infection, a skull fracture, or, rarely, after some surgeries.
Several strains of bacteria can cause acute bacterial meningitis, most commonly:
Viral meningitis: Viral meningitis is usually mild and often clears on its own. Most cases in the
United States are caused by a group of viruses known as enteroviruses, which are most common
in late summer and early fall. Viruses such as herpes simplex virus, HIV, mumps, West Nile
virus and others also can cause viral meningitis.
Chronic meningitis: Slow-growing organisms (such as fungi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
that invade the membranes and fluid surrounding your brain cause chronic meningitis. Chronic
meningitis develops over two weeks or more. The symptoms of chronic meningitis —
headaches, fever, vomiting and mental cloudiness — are similar to those of acute meningitis.
Fungal meningitis: Fungal meningitis is relatively uncommon and causes chronic meningitis. It
may mimic acute bacterial meningitis. Fungal meningitis isn\'t contagious from person to person.
Cryptococcal meningitis is a common fungal form of the disease that affects people with immune
deficiencies, such as AIDS. It\'s life-threatening if not treated with an antifungal medication.
Other meningitis causes: Meningitis can also result from noninfectious causes, such as chemical
reactions, drug allergies, some types of cancer and inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis.
Common manifestations associated with meningitis are as follows: Bacterial meningitis
symptoms may develop within hours or days. Viral meningitis symptoms may also develop
quickly or over several days. These are common signs and symptoms of both types. Not all
symptoms may appea.
MENINGITIS.pdf
micro teaching on meningitis, cause, pathophysiology, sign and symptoms, classification and nursing care.
Notes by chris andrew, dwu...2015
This is a single paper contains the notes which talks in a very brief and concise understanding of the broad topic itself so called 'MENINGITIS".
Meningitis .pptx
Meningitis, A complete detailed, and short PPT including Definition, Types, Etiology, Pathophysiology, treatment guideline, patient counseling, etc.
Meningitis
Meningitis is inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges. There are several types of meningitis. The most common is viral meningitis, which you get when a virus enters the body through the nose or mouth and travels to the brain. Bacterial meningitis is rare, but can be deadly. It usually starts with bacteria that cause a cold-like infection. It can block blood vessels in the brain and lead to stroke and brain damage. It can also harm other organs. Pneumococcal infections and meningococcal infections can cause bacterial meningitis.
Anyone can get meningitis, but it is more common in people whose bodies have trouble fighting infections. Meningitis can progress rapidly. You should seek medical care quickly if you have:
-- A sudden fever
-- A severe headache
-- A stiff neck
Describe the symptoms of meningitis, discuss the different causes an.pdf
Describe the symptoms of meningitis, discuss the different causes and the different treatment
approaches
Solution
Meninges of the outer membrane of the brain. When the meninges are infected meningitis is
caused.
Symptoms:
High fever stiff and sore neck serious headache and children may complain irritability
fussviness. In children the symptoms include fever with cold hands and feet vomiting difficulty
waking up rashes etc.
Sensitivity to light no appetite . confusion or difficulty concentrating
long term complications like definite mental impairment paralysis and sometimes seizures may
follow.
Causes it is said to be virus that is the most common cause for meningitis but sometimes
bacterial infections and very rarely fungal infections also cause meningitis.
The bacteria that can cause acute bacterial meningitis are
Streptococcus pneumoniae: mostly this is caused in infants and children and adults it causes
pneumonia or sinus infections
neisseria meningitidis : this bacteria causes upper respiratory tract infection and also cause
meningococcal meningitis this is affected mainly in teenagers and young adults.
haemophilus influenzae: haemophaemophilus influenzae type b causes bacterial meningitis in
children
Listeria monocytogenes: it causes meningitis in newborn older people pregnant ladies with weak
immune systems
Viral meningitis is caused by herpes simplex virus HIV mumps.
Fungal meningitis is very uncommon and it is contagious cryptococcal meningitis is the common
disease.it is life threatening if not treated.
Treatment :antibiotics like penicilln or antiviral medication or immediately prescribed when
meningitis is diagnosed sometimes corticosteroids are also Administeredr to the reduce swelling
and inflammation sedatives may be needed for restlessness additional medications may be used
to treat fever headaches the need for hospitalization of the patient depends on the severlity of the
symptoms..
5.Meningitis (2).ppt
Iwndnxjdn dnxicikf dkdkkdd dkdjdn scjkbor kvk o f kkdndn cm mdn d fnxkns dncjc djcjnr v kkd. Ifn. If kdn jg cj ikd CK en cj kdnndjjd
Meningitis
Meningitis is always cerebrospinal infection. Meningitis is a rare infection that affects the delicate membranes -- called meninges -- that cover the brain and spinal cord.There are several types of this disease, including bacterial, viral, and fungal.
1A society, according to Utilitarianism, is just to the extent tha.pdf
1>>A society, according to Utilitarianism, is just to the extent that its laws and institutions are
such as to promote the greatest overall or average happiness of its members.
How do we determine the aggregate, or overall, happiness of the members of a society? This
would seem to present a real problem. For happiness is not, like temperature or weight, directly
measurable by any means that we have available. So utilitarians must approach the matter
indirectly. They will have to rely on indirect measures, in other words. What would these be, and
how can they be identified?
The traditional idea at this point is to rely upon (a) a theory of the human good (i.e., of what is
good for human beings, of what is required for them to flourish) and (b) an account of the social
conditions and forms of organization essential to the realization of that good.
People, of course, do not agree on what kind of life would be the most desirable. Intellectuals,
artists, ministers, politicians, corporate bureaucrats, financiers, soldiers, athletes, salespersons,
workers: all these different types of people, and more besides, will certainly not agree completely
on what is a happy, satisfying, or desirable life. Very likely they will disagree on some quite
important points.
All is not lost, however. For there may yet be substantial agreement--enough, anyway, for the
purposes of a theory of justice --about the general conditions requisite to human flourishing in all
these otherwise disparate kinds of life. First of all there are at minimum certain basic needs that
must be satisfied in any desirable kind of life. Basic needs, says James Sterba, are those needs
\"that must be satisfied in order not to seriously endanger a person\'s mental or physical well-
being.\"
Basic needs, if not satisfied, lead to lacks and deficiencies with respect to a standard of mental
and physical well-being. A person\'s needs for food, shelter, medical care, protection,
companionship, and self-development are, at least in part, needs of this sort. [Sterba,
Contemporary Social and Political Philosophy (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1995).
A basic-needs minimum, then, is the minimum wherewithal required for a person to meet his or
her basic needs. Such needs are universal. People will be alike in having such needs, however
much they diverge in regard to the other needs, desires, or ends that they may have.
We may develop this common ground further by resorting to some of Aristotle\'s ideas on this
question of the nature of a happy and satisfying life. Aristotle holds that humans are rational
beings and that a human life is essentially rational activity, by which he means that human
beings live their lives by making choices on the basis of reasons and then acting on those
choices. All reasoning about what to do proceeds from premises relating to the agent\'s beliefs
and desires. Desire is the motive for action and the practical syllogism (Aristotle\'s label for the
reasoning by which .
1) Structures of male reproductive system are1. Scrotum. 2. Pair o.pdf
1) Structures of male reproductive system are
1. Scrotum. 2. Pair of Testis 3. Vasa efferentia 4. Pair of Vasa deferens 5. Urethra . 6. Penis-
In addition to these structures , there are some accessory glands associated with male
reproductive system . These glands are
1.Cowpers glands . 2. Prostate 3. bulbourethral glands.
Structures that form female reproductive system are;
1. Pair of ovaries. 2. Pair of oviducts 3. Uterus also called metre or hystera 4.Vagina- 5. Vulva or
external genitalia .
Apart from that other accessory glands associated are ;
1. Lesser vestibular glands or glands of skene .
2. Greater vestibular glands or Bartholin\'s glands .
Q2)
Pathway of sperm from its formation upto it\'s evacuation is
Semeniferous tubules-Rete testis- vasa efferentia- vasa deferens- urethra- outside .
Solution
1) Structures of male reproductive system are
1. Scrotum. 2. Pair of Testis 3. Vasa efferentia 4. Pair of Vasa deferens 5. Urethra . 6. Penis-
In addition to these structures , there are some accessory glands associated with male
reproductive system . These glands are
1.Cowpers glands . 2. Prostate 3. bulbourethral glands.
Structures that form female reproductive system are;
1. Pair of ovaries. 2. Pair of oviducts 3. Uterus also called metre or hystera 4.Vagina- 5. Vulva or
external genitalia .
Apart from that other accessory glands associated are ;
1. Lesser vestibular glands or glands of skene .
2. Greater vestibular glands or Bartholin\'s glands .
Q2)
Pathway of sperm from its formation upto it\'s evacuation is
Semeniferous tubules-Rete testis- vasa efferentia- vasa deferens- urethra- outside ..
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Headache, Dizziness, Syncope and Palpitations
1. What are the primary causes of meningitis?
What are the common manifestations associated with meningitis?
How does meningitis alter normal physiological function and cause each of the manifestations
that you listed above?
2. What are the primary causes of encephalitis?
What are the common manifestations associated with encephalitis?
How does encephalitis alter normal physiological function and cause each of the manifestations
that you listed above?
3. List the two primary causes of increased intracranial pressure.
Explain at least two mechanisms by which the increased intracranial pressure alters neural tissue
function.
Solution
Ans 1: Causes of meningitis: Meningitis is typically caused by an infection with microorganisms.
Viral infections are the most common cause of meningitis, followed by bacterial infections and,
rarely, fungal infections. Bacterial meningitis is generally a serious infection. It is caused by
three types of bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, and
Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria.
Bacteria that enter the bloodstream and travel to the brain and spinal cord cause acute bacterial
meningitis. But it can also occur when bacteria directly invade the meninges. This may be caused
by an ear or sinus infection, a skull fracture, or, rarely, after some surgeries.
Several strains of bacteria can cause acute bacterial meningitis, most commonly:
Viral meningitis: Viral meningitis is usually mild and often clears on its own. Most cases in the
United States are caused by a group of viruses known as enteroviruses, which are most common
in late summer and early fall. Viruses such as herpes simplex virus, HIV, mumps, West Nile
virus and others also can cause viral meningitis.
Chronic meningitis: Slow-growing organisms (such as fungi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
that invade the membranes and fluid surrounding your brain cause chronic meningitis. Chronic
meningitis develops over two weeks or more. The symptoms of chronic meningitis —
headaches, fever, vomiting and mental cloudiness — are similar to those of acute meningitis.
Fungal meningitis: Fungal meningitis is relatively uncommon and causes chronic meningitis. It
may mimic acute bacterial meningitis. Fungal meningitis isn\'t contagious from person to person.
Cryptococcal meningitis is a common fungal form of the disease that affects people with immune
deficiencies, such as AIDS. It\'s life-threatening if not treated with an antifungal medication.
Other meningitis causes: Meningitis can also result from noninfectious causes, such as chemical
reactions, drug allergies, some types of cancer and inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis.
Common manifestations associated with meningitis are as follows: Bacterial meningitis
symptoms may develop within hours or days. Viral meningitis symptoms may also develop
quickly or over several days. These are common signs and symptoms of both types. Not all
symptoms may appea.
MENINGITIS.pdf
micro teaching on meningitis, cause, pathophysiology, sign and symptoms, classification and nursing care.
Notes by chris andrew, dwu...2015
This is a single paper contains the notes which talks in a very brief and concise understanding of the broad topic itself so called 'MENINGITIS".
Meningitis .pptx
Meningitis, A complete detailed, and short PPT including Definition, Types, Etiology, Pathophysiology, treatment guideline, patient counseling, etc.
Meningitis
Meningitis is inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges. There are several types of meningitis. The most common is viral meningitis, which you get when a virus enters the body through the nose or mouth and travels to the brain. Bacterial meningitis is rare, but can be deadly. It usually starts with bacteria that cause a cold-like infection. It can block blood vessels in the brain and lead to stroke and brain damage. It can also harm other organs. Pneumococcal infections and meningococcal infections can cause bacterial meningitis.
Anyone can get meningitis, but it is more common in people whose bodies have trouble fighting infections. Meningitis can progress rapidly. You should seek medical care quickly if you have:
-- A sudden fever
-- A severe headache
-- A stiff neck
Describe the symptoms of meningitis, discuss the different causes an.pdf
Describe the symptoms of meningitis, discuss the different causes and the different treatment
approaches
Solution
Meninges of the outer membrane of the brain. When the meninges are infected meningitis is
caused.
Symptoms:
High fever stiff and sore neck serious headache and children may complain irritability
fussviness. In children the symptoms include fever with cold hands and feet vomiting difficulty
waking up rashes etc.
Sensitivity to light no appetite . confusion or difficulty concentrating
long term complications like definite mental impairment paralysis and sometimes seizures may
follow.
Causes it is said to be virus that is the most common cause for meningitis but sometimes
bacterial infections and very rarely fungal infections also cause meningitis.
The bacteria that can cause acute bacterial meningitis are
Streptococcus pneumoniae: mostly this is caused in infants and children and adults it causes
pneumonia or sinus infections
neisseria meningitidis : this bacteria causes upper respiratory tract infection and also cause
meningococcal meningitis this is affected mainly in teenagers and young adults.
haemophilus influenzae: haemophaemophilus influenzae type b causes bacterial meningitis in
children
Listeria monocytogenes: it causes meningitis in newborn older people pregnant ladies with weak
immune systems
Viral meningitis is caused by herpes simplex virus HIV mumps.
Fungal meningitis is very uncommon and it is contagious cryptococcal meningitis is the common
disease.it is life threatening if not treated.
Treatment :antibiotics like penicilln or antiviral medication or immediately prescribed when
meningitis is diagnosed sometimes corticosteroids are also Administeredr to the reduce swelling
and inflammation sedatives may be needed for restlessness additional medications may be used
to treat fever headaches the need for hospitalization of the patient depends on the severlity of the
symptoms..
5.Meningitis (2).ppt
Iwndnxjdn dnxicikf dkdkkdd dkdjdn scjkbor kvk o f kkdndn cm mdn d fnxkns dncjc djcjnr v kkd. Ifn. If kdn jg cj ikd CK en cj kdnndjjd
Meningitis
Meningitis is always cerebrospinal infection. Meningitis is a rare infection that affects the delicate membranes -- called meninges -- that cover the brain and spinal cord.There are several types of this disease, including bacterial, viral, and fungal.
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1A society, according to Utilitarianism, is just to the extent tha.pdf
1>>A society, according to Utilitarianism, is just to the extent that its laws and institutions are
such as to promote the greatest overall or average happiness of its members.
How do we determine the aggregate, or overall, happiness of the members of a society? This
would seem to present a real problem. For happiness is not, like temperature or weight, directly
measurable by any means that we have available. So utilitarians must approach the matter
indirectly. They will have to rely on indirect measures, in other words. What would these be, and
how can they be identified?
The traditional idea at this point is to rely upon (a) a theory of the human good (i.e., of what is
good for human beings, of what is required for them to flourish) and (b) an account of the social
conditions and forms of organization essential to the realization of that good.
People, of course, do not agree on what kind of life would be the most desirable. Intellectuals,
artists, ministers, politicians, corporate bureaucrats, financiers, soldiers, athletes, salespersons,
workers: all these different types of people, and more besides, will certainly not agree completely
on what is a happy, satisfying, or desirable life. Very likely they will disagree on some quite
important points.
All is not lost, however. For there may yet be substantial agreement--enough, anyway, for the
purposes of a theory of justice --about the general conditions requisite to human flourishing in all
these otherwise disparate kinds of life. First of all there are at minimum certain basic needs that
must be satisfied in any desirable kind of life. Basic needs, says James Sterba, are those needs
\"that must be satisfied in order not to seriously endanger a person\'s mental or physical well-
being.\"
Basic needs, if not satisfied, lead to lacks and deficiencies with respect to a standard of mental
and physical well-being. A person\'s needs for food, shelter, medical care, protection,
companionship, and self-development are, at least in part, needs of this sort. [Sterba,
Contemporary Social and Political Philosophy (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1995).
A basic-needs minimum, then, is the minimum wherewithal required for a person to meet his or
her basic needs. Such needs are universal. People will be alike in having such needs, however
much they diverge in regard to the other needs, desires, or ends that they may have.
We may develop this common ground further by resorting to some of Aristotle\'s ideas on this
question of the nature of a happy and satisfying life. Aristotle holds that humans are rational
beings and that a human life is essentially rational activity, by which he means that human
beings live their lives by making choices on the basis of reasons and then acting on those
choices. All reasoning about what to do proceeds from premises relating to the agent\'s beliefs
and desires. Desire is the motive for action and the practical syllogism (Aristotle\'s label for the
reasoning by which .
1) Structures of male reproductive system are1. Scrotum. 2. Pair o.pdf
1) Structures of male reproductive system are
1. Scrotum. 2. Pair of Testis 3. Vasa efferentia 4. Pair of Vasa deferens 5. Urethra . 6. Penis-
In addition to these structures , there are some accessory glands associated with male
reproductive system . These glands are
1.Cowpers glands . 2. Prostate 3. bulbourethral glands.
Structures that form female reproductive system are;
1. Pair of ovaries. 2. Pair of oviducts 3. Uterus also called metre or hystera 4.Vagina- 5. Vulva or
external genitalia .
Apart from that other accessory glands associated are ;
1. Lesser vestibular glands or glands of skene .
2. Greater vestibular glands or Bartholin\'s glands .
Q2)
Pathway of sperm from its formation upto it\'s evacuation is
Semeniferous tubules-Rete testis- vasa efferentia- vasa deferens- urethra- outside .
Solution
1) Structures of male reproductive system are
1. Scrotum. 2. Pair of Testis 3. Vasa efferentia 4. Pair of Vasa deferens 5. Urethra . 6. Penis-
In addition to these structures , there are some accessory glands associated with male
reproductive system . These glands are
1.Cowpers glands . 2. Prostate 3. bulbourethral glands.
Structures that form female reproductive system are;
1. Pair of ovaries. 2. Pair of oviducts 3. Uterus also called metre or hystera 4.Vagina- 5. Vulva or
external genitalia .
Apart from that other accessory glands associated are ;
1. Lesser vestibular glands or glands of skene .
2. Greater vestibular glands or Bartholin\'s glands .
Q2)
Pathway of sperm from its formation upto it\'s evacuation is
Semeniferous tubules-Rete testis- vasa efferentia- vasa deferens- urethra- outside ..
I have many goals and many interests, as well as a long list of thi.pdf
I have many goals and many interests, as well as a long list of things I want to do before I die.
There are many fields of education that I am interested in such asPhilosophy, psychology,
American government(considering the new administration), Art, History, Foreign language and
many sciences such as physics and chemistry. There are many career fields I am interested in
such as Philosopher, novelist, journalist, artist, poet etc. I\'m sure as I accomplish many of these
different goals I will gain many new ones and the list will get longer. There are other non
education related aspirations that I can such as travel and culture. I am very interested in the
culture and lifestyles of people in foreign countries. I want to try different foreign food as well as
learn foreign languages. Some of the many countries that I am interested in are Spain, Australia,
England, Egypt and France. I am also interested in many latin American countries such as Peru
and Brazil and would very much like to visit the Amazon.
Solution
I have many goals and many interests, as well as a long list of things I want to do before I die.
There are many fields of education that I am interested in such asPhilosophy, psychology,
American government(considering the new administration), Art, History, Foreign language and
many sciences such as physics and chemistry. There are many career fields I am interested in
such as Philosopher, novelist, journalist, artist, poet etc. I\'m sure as I accomplish many of these
different goals I will gain many new ones and the list will get longer. There are other non
education related aspirations that I can such as travel and culture. I am very interested in the
culture and lifestyles of people in foreign countries. I want to try different foreign food as well as
learn foreign languages. Some of the many countries that I am interested in are Spain, Australia,
England, Egypt and France. I am also interested in many latin American countries such as Peru
and Brazil and would very much like to visit the Amazon..
Step1 HBr and HNO3 yield H (+) ion in the aqueous.pdf
Step1 HBr and HNO3 yield H (+) ion in the aqueous solution.Both are acids.
Step2 NaOH and KOH both yield OH(-) ion in aqueous solution.Both are bases.
Solution
Step1 HBr and HNO3 yield H (+) ion in the aqueous solution.Both are acids.
Step2 NaOH and KOH both yield OH(-) ion in aqueous solution.Both are bases..
reaction condition H2SO4 H2O (heat) Soluti.pdf
reaction condition: H2SO4 / H2O (heat)
Solution
reaction condition: H2SO4 / H2O (heat).
It would be double 7.12x10-3 .pdf
It would be double 7.12x10-3
Solution
It would be double 7.12x10-3.
YES1st case when replaced= 1414=116when not replaced=1413.pdf
YES
1st case when replaced= 1/4*1/4=1/16
when not replaced=1/4*1/3=1/12
Solution
YES
1st case when replaced= 1/4*1/4=1/16
when not replaced=1/4*1/3=1/12.
With Hurricane Katrina battering the Louisiana coastline, JonDonle.pdf
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Donley, editor of NOLA.com, the New Orleans
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asso-
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bunker.” The refuge, a third-floor photo lab outfitted with emergency
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after Hurricane George brushed New Orleans in 1998 and provided a
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g
e
t the st
ory out,” said Donley, veteran newspaperman turned “new
me
dia
”
jour
nalist.
NOLA.com had another mission. The web site had been spun off
from the newspaper as a separate entity to experiment with new online
approaches, including what is now known as “citizen journalism.” As
the cit
y e
vacuated, the concept was put to the test. Donley posted mes-
sag
es fr
o
m r
eaders onto the site’s public forums, reporting the first-
hand experiences of the fleeing New Orleanians, including tips on evac-
uation routes. By early Monday morning, Donley said he had started to
get messages from people trapped in attics; later he got pictures from
c
e
ll phone cameras of rising water. Pleas for help mounted—calls for
r
escue, as well as assistance in finding relatives who had not heeded the
war
ning to evacuate.
One of those people was Donley’s 21-year-old daughter Sarah—who,
despite her father’s pleas to evacuate, had remained in the family home
in Mandeville, a northern suburb that was then in the path of the
storm. “I was keeping on the phone with my daughter, and at 6:30 in
the morning I lost contact with her,” Donley said in an interview. “We
were getting reports of Slidell going under water and Mandeville.... I
was frantic. I could not get hold of the police4F
IRST
I
NFORMERS IN THE
D
ISASTER
Z
ONE
: T
HE
L
ESSONS OF
K
ATRINA
Many people caught in Katrina’s devastation had such experiences,
but for Donley his personal and professional lives intersected, as he
joined the users of NOLA.com in seeking help online. He posted his
own message: “If you are praying, my daughter, Sarah, is missing.” He
kept blogging about his daughter, posting her picture. Her story got
picked up by television networks, which were turning to NOLA.com as
an important link in the information flow around the disaster. The site
counted more than 30 million page views on the third day after Katrina
struck—up from its usual 6 million page views per week.
1
Donley’s story had a happy ending: His message found its way to law
enforcement officers who reunited Sarah with her father three days later
in Baton Rouge. Thousands of harrowing tales have emerged in the
wake of Katrina, but Donley and other practitioners of the new media
added a new chapter to crisis communications in the digit.
Twenty years after the release of Jurassic Park, the dream of bringi.pdf
Twenty years after the release of Jurassic Park, the dream of bringing back the dinosaurs remains
science fiction. But scientists predict that within 15 years they will be able to revive some more
recently extinct species, such as the dodo or the passenger pigeon, raising the question of
whether or not they should – just because they can.
techno-environmentalist Stewart Brand is one of the driving forces behind the idea, which over
the past 18 months has drawn considerable media attention and scrutiny. Brand’s Long Now
Foundation is supporting scientific efforts to re-create the passenger pigeon—and exploring
possibilities for the heath hen—within its “Revive & Restore” project, which has its sights on a
range of candidates for resurrection, from the Tasmanian tiger to the woolly mammoth.
de-extinction proposal has been met with no shortage of criticism, ranging from concerns about
the misallocation of limited conservation dollars to a “vanity project,” to worries that the newly
engineered species will wreak havoc when released into the environment, especially since we
may no longer have thespace to accommodate them. Fears have been raised that de-extinction
will also lead to the relaxation of public commitment to conservation and to averting future
species extinctions.
de-extinction offers something vital to conservationists today: an alternative narrative
unburdened by the handwringing over extinction and ecological loss. If we were actually able to
bring back the passenger pigeon, the heath hen, and other iconic species, he believes, “The
conservation story could shift from negative to positive.
Arizona Game and Fish Department has been actively involved in reintroducing Mexican gray
wolves to portions of their historical range since the early 1990s. Management action activities
have included public opinion surveys, site feasibility studies, surveys along the Mexican border
for naturally occurring wolves, and intensive coordination with other cooperating agencies,
primarily the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Mexican Wolf Recovery Plan, adopted under the authority of the Endangered Species Act, has a
primary goal of re-establishing at least 100 wild wolves, within a portion of the subspecies’
historical range, located in east-central Arizona and western New Mexico. A secondary goal is to
manage wolves and their habitat in a manner that will not negatively impact the lifestyles and
economy of local residents. Cooperating agencies will closely monitor and study the
reintroduced wolves, contributing to the conservation of the gray wolf species as a whole.
Management of the reintroduction will be constantly evaluated and adapted as new
circumstances arise. Full recovery of the Mexican wolf subspecies likely will require additional
reintroduction projects elsewhere, and may take several decades to accomplish.
Wolf/Human Interactions Wolves can become acclimated to humans if fed, just like bears, foxes,
and coyotes. Fortunately, Mexican wolf ran.
The two commands are used to verify NAT configuration are1) Router.pdf
The two commands are used to verify NAT configuration are
1) Router# show ip nat translations
2) Router# show ip nat statistics
Solution
The two commands are used to verify NAT configuration are
1) Router# show ip nat translations
2) Router# show ip nat statistics.
There exists two types of circulatory path in cardivascular system .pdf
There exists two types of circulatory path in cardivascular system: 1. Pulmonary circulation and
systemic circulation.
Both of them differ in carrying deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood respectively.
In PULMONARY CIRCULATION: deoxygenated blood is carried from heart to lungs. When
oxygen depleted blood enters right atrium and then through tricuspib valve, enters right ventricle,
From there blood gets pumped into pulnonary artery , which carries blood to the lungs. In the
lungs Carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is absorbed by blood. Alveolar sacs present in lungs
provide surface for gaseous exchange. . Then oxygenated blood is carried by Pulmonary veins to
the left atrium.
In SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION blood is carried from heart to all parts of the body and provides
oxygen and nutrients. oxygenated blood enters left atrium, when it leaves the pulmonary
circulation, and then enters left ventricle through mitral valve. then blood enters aorta, ehich
branches into arteris and carries blood throughout the body.
Solution
There exists two types of circulatory path in cardivascular system: 1. Pulmonary circulation and
systemic circulation.
Both of them differ in carrying deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood respectively.
In PULMONARY CIRCULATION: deoxygenated blood is carried from heart to lungs. When
oxygen depleted blood enters right atrium and then through tricuspib valve, enters right ventricle,
From there blood gets pumped into pulnonary artery , which carries blood to the lungs. In the
lungs Carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is absorbed by blood. Alveolar sacs present in lungs
provide surface for gaseous exchange. . Then oxygenated blood is carried by Pulmonary veins to
the left atrium.
In SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION blood is carried from heart to all parts of the body and provides
oxygen and nutrients. oxygenated blood enters left atrium, when it leaves the pulmonary
circulation, and then enters left ventricle through mitral valve. then blood enters aorta, ehich
branches into arteris and carries blood throughout the body..
The photosystems found in the thylakoid membrane of the plants are t.pdf
The photosystems found in the thylakoid membrane of the plants are the structural and functional
unit of photosynthesis.
Purple bacteria has a single photosystem with bacteriochlorophyl. They do not produce oxygen
while doing photosynthesis. ATP production occurs via cyclic photophosphorylation. Their
electron donor is elemental sulfur.
Green Bacteria- undergo anoxigenic phototrophy. They also possess a single photosystem with
bacteriochlorophyl.. ATP is produced by cyclic photophosphorylation. Electron donor is
thiosulfare or H2S. Alters the ATP or NADH.
Cyanobacteria- Has 2 different photosystems and reaction centres. They undergo oxygenic
phototrophy. They fix CO2, and generate ATP and reducing power in a single process. They
have a similar process of photosynthesis as plants. The electrons passes through the electron
transpot chain fro photosystem I to photosystemII. And ultimately NADPH+ prodeces from
NADP+.
Solution
The photosystems found in the thylakoid membrane of the plants are the structural and functional
unit of photosynthesis.
Purple bacteria has a single photosystem with bacteriochlorophyl. They do not produce oxygen
while doing photosynthesis. ATP production occurs via cyclic photophosphorylation. Their
electron donor is elemental sulfur.
Green Bacteria- undergo anoxigenic phototrophy. They also possess a single photosystem with
bacteriochlorophyl.. ATP is produced by cyclic photophosphorylation. Electron donor is
thiosulfare or H2S. Alters the ATP or NADH.
Cyanobacteria- Has 2 different photosystems and reaction centres. They undergo oxygenic
phototrophy. They fix CO2, and generate ATP and reducing power in a single process. They
have a similar process of photosynthesis as plants. The electrons passes through the electron
transpot chain fro photosystem I to photosystemII. And ultimately NADPH+ prodeces from
NADP+..
Technology may be defined as an innovation that can help for a perso.pdf
Technology may be defined as an innovation that can help for a person to create a easy things out
of difficuilt tasks. Actually technology comparises invention, modelling and diffusion out of raw
things.
Technological advancement is change in certain things like cars mobiles etc so as to make life
easier and easier. Technology helps in progress of business, communication with people and
helps in economic development of mankind. We purchase new things with new innovations to
help ourselves to make certain things easier. Technological development has helped us to
provide better mind development so as one is able to gain knowledge more accurately.
Technological development has grown faster and faster day by day to bring out/help people in
their day by day life.
Technological development has created huge advancement in communication skills. In 19th and
20th century communication was not too much developed but during 21st century there was
drastic advancement in communication. People living in different parts of world were
communicating and as such it was like they are close to each other in a single room talking. one
of the best technological development is mobile phones/ smart phones, with the help of these
person is able to locate other people, talk to them even if they are far away, can have knowledge
of certain things in no time, can get knowledge what’s happening in different parts of world. This
has provided a change and advancement in technology (video calling, live calling etc).
Secondly, we have Mobile ad hoc network that has changed into vehicular networks where we
can have security part in our vehicles. In VANET network technology has drastically changed
into numerous amount of innovations. In this network where people can communicate to the
different vehicles and to locate other vehicles in different cities.
VANETs will be surely the largest real life example of a self maintained ad hoc network, if
implemented rightly. Each node in a specific size has got certain properties which can be defined
like service providers, attackers and authorities. Here in this technology you can see the
advancement in technology of vehicles which we don’t see them in past years. Public safety
applications, Curve speed warning, Turn assistance, Collision Warning. Through this technology
one can have intervehicular communication that has got lot of features which communicating
each other. Basically it is the need of people and environment and new researches that drives the
technology, to bring it up to the heights where people can find it easier than earlier.
Cure for diseases have provided new changes in technology as it has provided easier way to treat
patients. Now people are easily treated with lesser pain, more accurately and thus technology has
provided better quality treatments with less pain. Due to progress in technology operations have
become less as this painful treatment has been replaced by laser treatment, humans have been
replaced by robots .
The actual illustration of values is decided by the machine design (.pdf
The actual illustration of values is decided by the machine design (strictly speaking, by the C
implementation). the particular size is accessed through the itemsize attribute. The values hold
on for \'L\' and \'I\' things are diagrammatical as Python long integers once retrieved, as a result
of Python’s plain number sort cannot represent the complete vary of C’s unsigned (long)
integers.
The module defines the subsequent type:
class array.array(typecode[, initializer])
A new array whose things ar restricted by typecode, and initialized from the nonmandatory
initializer worth, that should be a listing, string, or iterable over components of the acceptable
sort.
Changed in version two.4: at one time, solely lists or strings were accepted.
If given a listing or string, the initializer is passed to the new array’s fromlist(), fromstring(), or
fromunicode() methodology (see below) to feature initial things to the array. Otherwise, the
iterable initializer is passed to the extend() methodology.
array.ArrayType
Obsolete alias for array.
Array objects support the normal sequence operations of assortment, slicing, concatenation, and
multiplication. once mistreatment slice assignment, the assigned worth should be Associate in
Nursing array object with an equivalent sort code; all told alternative cases, TypeError is raised.
Array objects additionally implement the buffer interface, and should be used where buffer
objects ar supported.
The following information things and ways also are supported:
array.typecode
The typecode character wont to produce the array.
array.itemsize
The length in bytes of 1 array item within the representation.
array.append(x)
Append a replacement item with worth x to the tip of the array.
array.buffer_info()
Return a tuple (address, length) giving the present memory address and also the length in
components of the buffer wont to hold array’s contents. the dimensions of the memory buffer in
bytes is computed as array.buffer_info()[1] * array.itemsize. this can be often helpful once
operating with low-level (and inherently unsafe) I/O interfaces that need memory addresses, like
bound ioctl() operations. The came back numbers ar valid as long because the array exists and no
length-changing operations ar applied thereto.
Note once mistreatment array objects from code written in C or C++ (the solely thanks to
effectively create use of this information), it makes a lot of sense to use the buffer interface
supported by array objects. This methodology is maintained for backward compatibility and may
be avoided in new code. The buffer interface is documented in Buffers and Memoryview
Objects.
array.byteswap()
“Byteswap” all things of the array. this can be solely supported for values that ar one, 2, 4, or
eight bytes in size; for alternative sorts of values, RuntimeError is raised. it\'s helpful once
reading information from a file written on a machine with a unique computer memory unit order.
array.count(x)
Return the amount of occur.
Solution i.e. m is bounded sequence.To find m for which the oper.pdf
Solution
: i.e. m is bounded sequence.
To find m for which the operator is bounded.
i.e.
so
there fore
Hence we get
Now the operator norm of which is defined as.
Roll up is a type of merger where the investors in the market buy 2 .pdf
Roll up is a type of merger where the investors in the market buy 2 or more companies and
merge them up or roll up to enjoy economies of scale and reduce costs. The companies in merger
are generally small companies.
2. Advantages of roll up are:
a. Provides instant growth in terms of instant risks and rewards to investors due to the synergies
achieved by the merger.
B. Eliminate the competitors in the market due to some of horizontal and vertical mergers I.e.
moving up or down the supply chain.
C. Surprise and challenge the competitors in the market.
3. Disadvantages of roll up are:
A. Integration risk is an important issue when it comes to the integration of operations of two
businesses.
B. Increased cost, sometimes the cost of synergies doesn\'t outweigh the benefits of merger.
C. Cultural issues are also important to address of the merging companies.
4. The recent successful roll up example is of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. based in
Canada. This company grew rapidly with a series of mergers and acquisitions under the
leadership of J. Michael Pearson and in 2015 it was the most valuable company in Canada. It
accquire Salix Pharmaceutical for 14.5$ billion in 2015.
Solution
Roll up is a type of merger where the investors in the market buy 2 or more companies and
merge them up or roll up to enjoy economies of scale and reduce costs. The companies in merger
are generally small companies.
2. Advantages of roll up are:
a. Provides instant growth in terms of instant risks and rewards to investors due to the synergies
achieved by the merger.
B. Eliminate the competitors in the market due to some of horizontal and vertical mergers I.e.
moving up or down the supply chain.
C. Surprise and challenge the competitors in the market.
3. Disadvantages of roll up are:
A. Integration risk is an important issue when it comes to the integration of operations of two
businesses.
B. Increased cost, sometimes the cost of synergies doesn\'t outweigh the benefits of merger.
C. Cultural issues are also important to address of the merging companies.
4. The recent successful roll up example is of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. based in
Canada. This company grew rapidly with a series of mergers and acquisitions under the
leadership of J. Michael Pearson and in 2015 it was the most valuable company in Canada. It
accquire Salix Pharmaceutical for 14.5$ billion in 2015..
PolymorphismWhen one assignment is performed by various ways i.e. .pdf
Polymorphism
When one assignment is performed by various ways i.e. known as polymorphism. For instance:
to persuade the client in an unexpected way, to draw something e.g. shape or rectangle and so on.
In java, we utilize strategy over-burdening and technique abrogating to accomplish
polymorphism.
Another case can be to talk something e.g. feline talks meaw, pooch barks woof and so forth.
Reflection
Covering up inward subtle elements and demonstrating usefulness is known as reflection. For
instance: telephone call, we don\'t have a clue about the inward preparing.
In java, we utilize unique class and interface to accomplish reflection.
Exemplification
Official (or wrapping) code and information together into a solitary unit is known as
exemplification. For instance: container, it is wrapped with various medications.
A java class is the case of exemplification. Java bean is the completely epitomized class since
every one of the information individuals are private here.
Favorable position of OOPs over Procedure-situated programming dialect
1)OOPs makes improvement and support less demanding where as in Procedure-arranged
programming dialect it is difficult to oversee if code develops as undertaking size develops.
2)OOPs gives information covering up while in Procedure-situated programming dialect a
worldwide information can be gotten to from anyplace.
3)OOPs gives capacity to reproduce true occasion substantially more successfully. We can give
the arrangement of genuine word issue on the off chance that we are utilizing the Object-
Oriented Programming dialect.
Worldwide Data Object Data
What is distinction between item arranged programming dialect and article based programming
dialect?
Object based programming dialect tails every one of the elements of OOPs with the exception of
Inheritance. JavaScript and VBScript are case of item based programming dialects.
Solution
Polymorphism
When one assignment is performed by various ways i.e. known as polymorphism. For instance:
to persuade the client in an unexpected way, to draw something e.g. shape or rectangle and so on.
In java, we utilize strategy over-burdening and technique abrogating to accomplish
polymorphism.
Another case can be to talk something e.g. feline talks meaw, pooch barks woof and so forth.
Reflection
Covering up inward subtle elements and demonstrating usefulness is known as reflection. For
instance: telephone call, we don\'t have a clue about the inward preparing.
In java, we utilize unique class and interface to accomplish reflection.
Exemplification
Official (or wrapping) code and information together into a solitary unit is known as
exemplification. For instance: container, it is wrapped with various medications.
A java class is the case of exemplification. Java bean is the completely epitomized class since
every one of the information individuals are private here.
Favorable position of OOPs over Procedure-situated programming dialect
1)OOPs makes improvement and support less .
Ovary Each ovary is whitish in colour and located alongside the la.pdf
Ovary : Each ovary is whitish in colour and located alongside the lateral wall of the uterus in a
region called ovarian fossa. The fossa lies beneath the external iliac artery and in front of the
ureter and the internal iliac artery. Its size is about 4 x 3 x 32 cm.
Uterine horn: They are horns are the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet. They
are the attachment point for round ligament of uterus along with mons pubis.
Uterus: It is located inside the pelvis dorsal to the urinary bladder and ventral to the rectum. It is
pear shaped and 7.6 x 4.5 x 3.0 in dimension. It weighs about 60 gram in adults.
Testes: It is located in the scrotm and composed of dense connective tissue. Sperms travel
through the testis from the tubules, through network of ducts to the epididymis.
epididymus: It is a tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens. It is 6-7 feet in length.
epididymis can be divided into three main regions: The head, the body and the tail.
Vas deferens: It is also called ductus deferens. It transport sperm from the epididymis to the
ejaculatory ducts. Each tube is about 30 cms long.
Seminal vesicle: It is tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder. It is located with in
the pelvis.
Prostate gland: It is walnut sized gland located between the bladder and the penis. It is located
just in front of the rectum. It scretes fluid that nourishes and protect sperm.
Solution
Ovary : Each ovary is whitish in colour and located alongside the lateral wall of the uterus in a
region called ovarian fossa. The fossa lies beneath the external iliac artery and in front of the
ureter and the internal iliac artery. Its size is about 4 x 3 x 32 cm.
Uterine horn: They are horns are the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet. They
are the attachment point for round ligament of uterus along with mons pubis.
Uterus: It is located inside the pelvis dorsal to the urinary bladder and ventral to the rectum. It is
pear shaped and 7.6 x 4.5 x 3.0 in dimension. It weighs about 60 gram in adults.
Testes: It is located in the scrotm and composed of dense connective tissue. Sperms travel
through the testis from the tubules, through network of ducts to the epididymis.
epididymus: It is a tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens. It is 6-7 feet in length.
epididymis can be divided into three main regions: The head, the body and the tail.
Vas deferens: It is also called ductus deferens. It transport sperm from the epididymis to the
ejaculatory ducts. Each tube is about 30 cms long.
Seminal vesicle: It is tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder. It is located with in
the pelvis.
Prostate gland: It is walnut sized gland located between the bladder and the penis. It is located
just in front of the rectum. It scretes fluid that nourishes and protect sperm..
None of the above answersSolutionNone of the above answers.pdf
None of the above answers
Solution
None of the above answers.
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
678020731-Sumas-y-Restas-Para-Colorear.pdf
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Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
This slide describes the research aptitude of unit 2 in the UGC NET paper I.
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of other biological materials, Ownership and period of protection
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students mobility to the Czech Republic within eTwinning project "Medieval adventures with Marco Polo"
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
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How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
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"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
The diplococci bacteria are round-shaped microbes, and occur in the .pdf
- 1. The diplococci bacteria are round-shaped microbes, and occur in the form of cell pairs. Gram- negative is a term used in association with these bacteria, which means that a crystal violet dye is not retained (in the protocol of Gram staining) by these organisms. Those bacteria, which retain this dye are known as gram positive. Neisseria Meningitidis: It is amongst the most important gram negative diplococci, and is responsible for causing meningitis. . It is a leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis . Meningitis may be accompanied by appearance of petechiae (rash) that is associated with meningococcal bacteremia (i.e.,meningococemia). Symptoms Early meningitis symptoms may mimic the flu (influenza). Symptoms may develop over several hours or over a few days. Possible signs and symptoms in anyone older than the age of 2 include: · Sudden high fever · Stiff neck · Severe headache that seems different than normal · Headache with nausea or vomiting · Confusion or difficulty concentrating · Seizures · Sleepiness or difficulty waking · Sensitivity to light · No appetite or thirst · Skin rash (sometimes, such as in meningococcal meningitis) Doctor will also order a lumbar puncture. This test is also called a spinal tap. It allows your doctor to look for increased pressure in the central nervous system. It can also find inflammation or bacteria in the spinal fluid. This test can also help determine the best antibiotic for treatment. Bacterial meningitis requires immediate hospitalization. Early diagnosis and treatment will prevent brain damage and death. Bacterial meningitis is treated with intravenous antibiotics. There’s no specific antibiotic for bacterial meningitis. It depends on the bacteria involved. Solution The diplococci bacteria are round-shaped microbes, and occur in the form of cell pairs. Gram- negative is a term used in association with these bacteria, which means that a crystal violet dye is not retained (in the protocol of Gram staining) by these organisms. Those bacteria, which retain
- 2. this dye are known as gram positive. Neisseria Meningitidis: It is amongst the most important gram negative diplococci, and is responsible for causing meningitis. . It is a leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis . Meningitis may be accompanied by appearance of petechiae (rash) that is associated with meningococcal bacteremia (i.e.,meningococemia). Symptoms Early meningitis symptoms may mimic the flu (influenza). Symptoms may develop over several hours or over a few days. Possible signs and symptoms in anyone older than the age of 2 include: · Sudden high fever · Stiff neck · Severe headache that seems different than normal · Headache with nausea or vomiting · Confusion or difficulty concentrating · Seizures · Sleepiness or difficulty waking · Sensitivity to light · No appetite or thirst · Skin rash (sometimes, such as in meningococcal meningitis) Doctor will also order a lumbar puncture. This test is also called a spinal tap. It allows your doctor to look for increased pressure in the central nervous system. It can also find inflammation or bacteria in the spinal fluid. This test can also help determine the best antibiotic for treatment. Bacterial meningitis requires immediate hospitalization. Early diagnosis and treatment will prevent brain damage and death. Bacterial meningitis is treated with intravenous antibiotics. There’s no specific antibiotic for bacterial meningitis. It depends on the bacteria involved.