1A society, according to Utilitarianism, is just to the extent tha.pdfanyacarpets
1>>A society, according to Utilitarianism, is just to the extent that its laws and institutions are
such as to promote the greatest overall or average happiness of its members.
How do we determine the aggregate, or overall, happiness of the members of a society? This
would seem to present a real problem. For happiness is not, like temperature or weight, directly
measurable by any means that we have available. So utilitarians must approach the matter
indirectly. They will have to rely on indirect measures, in other words. What would these be, and
how can they be identified?
The traditional idea at this point is to rely upon (a) a theory of the human good (i.e., of what is
good for human beings, of what is required for them to flourish) and (b) an account of the social
conditions and forms of organization essential to the realization of that good.
People, of course, do not agree on what kind of life would be the most desirable. Intellectuals,
artists, ministers, politicians, corporate bureaucrats, financiers, soldiers, athletes, salespersons,
workers: all these different types of people, and more besides, will certainly not agree completely
on what is a happy, satisfying, or desirable life. Very likely they will disagree on some quite
important points.
All is not lost, however. For there may yet be substantial agreement--enough, anyway, for the
purposes of a theory of justice --about the general conditions requisite to human flourishing in all
these otherwise disparate kinds of life. First of all there are at minimum certain basic needs that
must be satisfied in any desirable kind of life. Basic needs, says James Sterba, are those needs
\"that must be satisfied in order not to seriously endanger a person\'s mental or physical well-
being.\"
Basic needs, if not satisfied, lead to lacks and deficiencies with respect to a standard of mental
and physical well-being. A person\'s needs for food, shelter, medical care, protection,
companionship, and self-development are, at least in part, needs of this sort. [Sterba,
Contemporary Social and Political Philosophy (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1995).
A basic-needs minimum, then, is the minimum wherewithal required for a person to meet his or
her basic needs. Such needs are universal. People will be alike in having such needs, however
much they diverge in regard to the other needs, desires, or ends that they may have.
We may develop this common ground further by resorting to some of Aristotle\'s ideas on this
question of the nature of a happy and satisfying life. Aristotle holds that humans are rational
beings and that a human life is essentially rational activity, by which he means that human
beings live their lives by making choices on the basis of reasons and then acting on those
choices. All reasoning about what to do proceeds from premises relating to the agent\'s beliefs
and desires. Desire is the motive for action and the practical syllogism (Aristotle\'s label for the
reasoning by which .
1) Structures of male reproductive system are1. Scrotum. 2. Pair o.pdfanyacarpets
1) Structures of male reproductive system are
1. Scrotum. 2. Pair of Testis 3. Vasa efferentia 4. Pair of Vasa deferens 5. Urethra . 6. Penis-
In addition to these structures , there are some accessory glands associated with male
reproductive system . These glands are
1.Cowpers glands . 2. Prostate 3. bulbourethral glands.
Structures that form female reproductive system are;
1. Pair of ovaries. 2. Pair of oviducts 3. Uterus also called metre or hystera 4.Vagina- 5. Vulva or
external genitalia .
Apart from that other accessory glands associated are ;
1. Lesser vestibular glands or glands of skene .
2. Greater vestibular glands or Bartholin\'s glands .
Q2)
Pathway of sperm from its formation upto it\'s evacuation is
Semeniferous tubules-Rete testis- vasa efferentia- vasa deferens- urethra- outside .
Solution
1) Structures of male reproductive system are
1. Scrotum. 2. Pair of Testis 3. Vasa efferentia 4. Pair of Vasa deferens 5. Urethra . 6. Penis-
In addition to these structures , there are some accessory glands associated with male
reproductive system . These glands are
1.Cowpers glands . 2. Prostate 3. bulbourethral glands.
Structures that form female reproductive system are;
1. Pair of ovaries. 2. Pair of oviducts 3. Uterus also called metre or hystera 4.Vagina- 5. Vulva or
external genitalia .
Apart from that other accessory glands associated are ;
1. Lesser vestibular glands or glands of skene .
2. Greater vestibular glands or Bartholin\'s glands .
Q2)
Pathway of sperm from its formation upto it\'s evacuation is
Semeniferous tubules-Rete testis- vasa efferentia- vasa deferens- urethra- outside ..
I have many goals and many interests, as well as a long list of thi.pdfanyacarpets
I have many goals and many interests, as well as a long list of things I want to do before I die.
There are many fields of education that I am interested in such asPhilosophy, psychology,
American government(considering the new administration), Art, History, Foreign language and
many sciences such as physics and chemistry. There are many career fields I am interested in
such as Philosopher, novelist, journalist, artist, poet etc. I\'m sure as I accomplish many of these
different goals I will gain many new ones and the list will get longer. There are other non
education related aspirations that I can such as travel and culture. I am very interested in the
culture and lifestyles of people in foreign countries. I want to try different foreign food as well as
learn foreign languages. Some of the many countries that I am interested in are Spain, Australia,
England, Egypt and France. I am also interested in many latin American countries such as Peru
and Brazil and would very much like to visit the Amazon.
Solution
I have many goals and many interests, as well as a long list of things I want to do before I die.
There are many fields of education that I am interested in such asPhilosophy, psychology,
American government(considering the new administration), Art, History, Foreign language and
many sciences such as physics and chemistry. There are many career fields I am interested in
such as Philosopher, novelist, journalist, artist, poet etc. I\'m sure as I accomplish many of these
different goals I will gain many new ones and the list will get longer. There are other non
education related aspirations that I can such as travel and culture. I am very interested in the
culture and lifestyles of people in foreign countries. I want to try different foreign food as well as
learn foreign languages. Some of the many countries that I am interested in are Spain, Australia,
England, Egypt and France. I am also interested in many latin American countries such as Peru
and Brazil and would very much like to visit the Amazon..
Step1 HBr and HNO3 yield H (+) ion in the aqueous.pdfanyacarpets
Step1 HBr and HNO3 yield H (+) ion in the aqueous solution.Both are acids.
Step2 NaOH and KOH both yield OH(-) ion in aqueous solution.Both are bases.
Solution
Step1 HBr and HNO3 yield H (+) ion in the aqueous solution.Both are acids.
Step2 NaOH and KOH both yield OH(-) ion in aqueous solution.Both are bases..
YES1st case when replaced= 1414=116when not replaced=1413.pdfanyacarpets
YES
1st case when replaced= 1/4*1/4=1/16
when not replaced=1/4*1/3=1/12
Solution
YES
1st case when replaced= 1/4*1/4=1/16
when not replaced=1/4*1/3=1/12.
With Hurricane Katrina battering the Louisiana coastline, JonDonle.pdfanyacarpets
With Hurricane Katrina battering the Louisiana coastline, Jon
Donley, editor of NOLA.com, the New Orleans
Times-Picayune’s
asso-
ciated web site, ensconced himself in the newspaper’s “hurricane
bunker.” The refuge, a third-floor photo lab outfitted with emergency
generators and triple-redundant Internet connectivity, had been built
after Hurricane George brushed New Orleans in 1998 and provided a
wak
e-up cal
l f
o
r the “Big One.”
Donley’s mission was to publish the newspaper on NOLA.com over
the Internet if the hurricane swamped the presses and the delivery
trucks. On Monday, August 29, 2005, the contingency became real. “We
knew that New Orleans was going to drown, but we still had a way to
g
e
t the st
ory out,” said Donley, veteran newspaperman turned “new
me
dia
”
jour
nalist.
NOLA.com had another mission. The web site had been spun off
from the newspaper as a separate entity to experiment with new online
approaches, including what is now known as “citizen journalism.” As
the cit
y e
vacuated, the concept was put to the test. Donley posted mes-
sag
es fr
o
m r
eaders onto the site’s public forums, reporting the first-
hand experiences of the fleeing New Orleanians, including tips on evac-
uation routes. By early Monday morning, Donley said he had started to
get messages from people trapped in attics; later he got pictures from
c
e
ll phone cameras of rising water. Pleas for help mounted—calls for
r
escue, as well as assistance in finding relatives who had not heeded the
war
ning to evacuate.
One of those people was Donley’s 21-year-old daughter Sarah—who,
despite her father’s pleas to evacuate, had remained in the family home
in Mandeville, a northern suburb that was then in the path of the
storm. “I was keeping on the phone with my daughter, and at 6:30 in
the morning I lost contact with her,” Donley said in an interview. “We
were getting reports of Slidell going under water and Mandeville.... I
was frantic. I could not get hold of the police4F
IRST
I
NFORMERS IN THE
D
ISASTER
Z
ONE
: T
HE
L
ESSONS OF
K
ATRINA
Many people caught in Katrina’s devastation had such experiences,
but for Donley his personal and professional lives intersected, as he
joined the users of NOLA.com in seeking help online. He posted his
own message: “If you are praying, my daughter, Sarah, is missing.” He
kept blogging about his daughter, posting her picture. Her story got
picked up by television networks, which were turning to NOLA.com as
an important link in the information flow around the disaster. The site
counted more than 30 million page views on the third day after Katrina
struck—up from its usual 6 million page views per week.
1
Donley’s story had a happy ending: His message found its way to law
enforcement officers who reunited Sarah with her father three days later
in Baton Rouge. Thousands of harrowing tales have emerged in the
wake of Katrina, but Donley and other practitioners of the new media
added a new chapter to crisis communications in the digit.
1A society, according to Utilitarianism, is just to the extent tha.pdfanyacarpets
1>>A society, according to Utilitarianism, is just to the extent that its laws and institutions are
such as to promote the greatest overall or average happiness of its members.
How do we determine the aggregate, or overall, happiness of the members of a society? This
would seem to present a real problem. For happiness is not, like temperature or weight, directly
measurable by any means that we have available. So utilitarians must approach the matter
indirectly. They will have to rely on indirect measures, in other words. What would these be, and
how can they be identified?
The traditional idea at this point is to rely upon (a) a theory of the human good (i.e., of what is
good for human beings, of what is required for them to flourish) and (b) an account of the social
conditions and forms of organization essential to the realization of that good.
People, of course, do not agree on what kind of life would be the most desirable. Intellectuals,
artists, ministers, politicians, corporate bureaucrats, financiers, soldiers, athletes, salespersons,
workers: all these different types of people, and more besides, will certainly not agree completely
on what is a happy, satisfying, or desirable life. Very likely they will disagree on some quite
important points.
All is not lost, however. For there may yet be substantial agreement--enough, anyway, for the
purposes of a theory of justice --about the general conditions requisite to human flourishing in all
these otherwise disparate kinds of life. First of all there are at minimum certain basic needs that
must be satisfied in any desirable kind of life. Basic needs, says James Sterba, are those needs
\"that must be satisfied in order not to seriously endanger a person\'s mental or physical well-
being.\"
Basic needs, if not satisfied, lead to lacks and deficiencies with respect to a standard of mental
and physical well-being. A person\'s needs for food, shelter, medical care, protection,
companionship, and self-development are, at least in part, needs of this sort. [Sterba,
Contemporary Social and Political Philosophy (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1995).
A basic-needs minimum, then, is the minimum wherewithal required for a person to meet his or
her basic needs. Such needs are universal. People will be alike in having such needs, however
much they diverge in regard to the other needs, desires, or ends that they may have.
We may develop this common ground further by resorting to some of Aristotle\'s ideas on this
question of the nature of a happy and satisfying life. Aristotle holds that humans are rational
beings and that a human life is essentially rational activity, by which he means that human
beings live their lives by making choices on the basis of reasons and then acting on those
choices. All reasoning about what to do proceeds from premises relating to the agent\'s beliefs
and desires. Desire is the motive for action and the practical syllogism (Aristotle\'s label for the
reasoning by which .
1) Structures of male reproductive system are1. Scrotum. 2. Pair o.pdfanyacarpets
1) Structures of male reproductive system are
1. Scrotum. 2. Pair of Testis 3. Vasa efferentia 4. Pair of Vasa deferens 5. Urethra . 6. Penis-
In addition to these structures , there are some accessory glands associated with male
reproductive system . These glands are
1.Cowpers glands . 2. Prostate 3. bulbourethral glands.
Structures that form female reproductive system are;
1. Pair of ovaries. 2. Pair of oviducts 3. Uterus also called metre or hystera 4.Vagina- 5. Vulva or
external genitalia .
Apart from that other accessory glands associated are ;
1. Lesser vestibular glands or glands of skene .
2. Greater vestibular glands or Bartholin\'s glands .
Q2)
Pathway of sperm from its formation upto it\'s evacuation is
Semeniferous tubules-Rete testis- vasa efferentia- vasa deferens- urethra- outside .
Solution
1) Structures of male reproductive system are
1. Scrotum. 2. Pair of Testis 3. Vasa efferentia 4. Pair of Vasa deferens 5. Urethra . 6. Penis-
In addition to these structures , there are some accessory glands associated with male
reproductive system . These glands are
1.Cowpers glands . 2. Prostate 3. bulbourethral glands.
Structures that form female reproductive system are;
1. Pair of ovaries. 2. Pair of oviducts 3. Uterus also called metre or hystera 4.Vagina- 5. Vulva or
external genitalia .
Apart from that other accessory glands associated are ;
1. Lesser vestibular glands or glands of skene .
2. Greater vestibular glands or Bartholin\'s glands .
Q2)
Pathway of sperm from its formation upto it\'s evacuation is
Semeniferous tubules-Rete testis- vasa efferentia- vasa deferens- urethra- outside ..
I have many goals and many interests, as well as a long list of thi.pdfanyacarpets
I have many goals and many interests, as well as a long list of things I want to do before I die.
There are many fields of education that I am interested in such asPhilosophy, psychology,
American government(considering the new administration), Art, History, Foreign language and
many sciences such as physics and chemistry. There are many career fields I am interested in
such as Philosopher, novelist, journalist, artist, poet etc. I\'m sure as I accomplish many of these
different goals I will gain many new ones and the list will get longer. There are other non
education related aspirations that I can such as travel and culture. I am very interested in the
culture and lifestyles of people in foreign countries. I want to try different foreign food as well as
learn foreign languages. Some of the many countries that I am interested in are Spain, Australia,
England, Egypt and France. I am also interested in many latin American countries such as Peru
and Brazil and would very much like to visit the Amazon.
Solution
I have many goals and many interests, as well as a long list of things I want to do before I die.
There are many fields of education that I am interested in such asPhilosophy, psychology,
American government(considering the new administration), Art, History, Foreign language and
many sciences such as physics and chemistry. There are many career fields I am interested in
such as Philosopher, novelist, journalist, artist, poet etc. I\'m sure as I accomplish many of these
different goals I will gain many new ones and the list will get longer. There are other non
education related aspirations that I can such as travel and culture. I am very interested in the
culture and lifestyles of people in foreign countries. I want to try different foreign food as well as
learn foreign languages. Some of the many countries that I am interested in are Spain, Australia,
England, Egypt and France. I am also interested in many latin American countries such as Peru
and Brazil and would very much like to visit the Amazon..
Step1 HBr and HNO3 yield H (+) ion in the aqueous.pdfanyacarpets
Step1 HBr and HNO3 yield H (+) ion in the aqueous solution.Both are acids.
Step2 NaOH and KOH both yield OH(-) ion in aqueous solution.Both are bases.
Solution
Step1 HBr and HNO3 yield H (+) ion in the aqueous solution.Both are acids.
Step2 NaOH and KOH both yield OH(-) ion in aqueous solution.Both are bases..
YES1st case when replaced= 1414=116when not replaced=1413.pdfanyacarpets
YES
1st case when replaced= 1/4*1/4=1/16
when not replaced=1/4*1/3=1/12
Solution
YES
1st case when replaced= 1/4*1/4=1/16
when not replaced=1/4*1/3=1/12.
With Hurricane Katrina battering the Louisiana coastline, JonDonle.pdfanyacarpets
With Hurricane Katrina battering the Louisiana coastline, Jon
Donley, editor of NOLA.com, the New Orleans
Times-Picayune’s
asso-
ciated web site, ensconced himself in the newspaper’s “hurricane
bunker.” The refuge, a third-floor photo lab outfitted with emergency
generators and triple-redundant Internet connectivity, had been built
after Hurricane George brushed New Orleans in 1998 and provided a
wak
e-up cal
l f
o
r the “Big One.”
Donley’s mission was to publish the newspaper on NOLA.com over
the Internet if the hurricane swamped the presses and the delivery
trucks. On Monday, August 29, 2005, the contingency became real. “We
knew that New Orleans was going to drown, but we still had a way to
g
e
t the st
ory out,” said Donley, veteran newspaperman turned “new
me
dia
”
jour
nalist.
NOLA.com had another mission. The web site had been spun off
from the newspaper as a separate entity to experiment with new online
approaches, including what is now known as “citizen journalism.” As
the cit
y e
vacuated, the concept was put to the test. Donley posted mes-
sag
es fr
o
m r
eaders onto the site’s public forums, reporting the first-
hand experiences of the fleeing New Orleanians, including tips on evac-
uation routes. By early Monday morning, Donley said he had started to
get messages from people trapped in attics; later he got pictures from
c
e
ll phone cameras of rising water. Pleas for help mounted—calls for
r
escue, as well as assistance in finding relatives who had not heeded the
war
ning to evacuate.
One of those people was Donley’s 21-year-old daughter Sarah—who,
despite her father’s pleas to evacuate, had remained in the family home
in Mandeville, a northern suburb that was then in the path of the
storm. “I was keeping on the phone with my daughter, and at 6:30 in
the morning I lost contact with her,” Donley said in an interview. “We
were getting reports of Slidell going under water and Mandeville.... I
was frantic. I could not get hold of the police4F
IRST
I
NFORMERS IN THE
D
ISASTER
Z
ONE
: T
HE
L
ESSONS OF
K
ATRINA
Many people caught in Katrina’s devastation had such experiences,
but for Donley his personal and professional lives intersected, as he
joined the users of NOLA.com in seeking help online. He posted his
own message: “If you are praying, my daughter, Sarah, is missing.” He
kept blogging about his daughter, posting her picture. Her story got
picked up by television networks, which were turning to NOLA.com as
an important link in the information flow around the disaster. The site
counted more than 30 million page views on the third day after Katrina
struck—up from its usual 6 million page views per week.
1
Donley’s story had a happy ending: His message found its way to law
enforcement officers who reunited Sarah with her father three days later
in Baton Rouge. Thousands of harrowing tales have emerged in the
wake of Katrina, but Donley and other practitioners of the new media
added a new chapter to crisis communications in the digit.
Twenty years after the release of Jurassic Park, the dream of bringi.pdfanyacarpets
Twenty years after the release of Jurassic Park, the dream of bringing back the dinosaurs remains
science fiction. But scientists predict that within 15 years they will be able to revive some more
recently extinct species, such as the dodo or the passenger pigeon, raising the question of
whether or not they should – just because they can.
techno-environmentalist Stewart Brand is one of the driving forces behind the idea, which over
the past 18 months has drawn considerable media attention and scrutiny. Brand’s Long Now
Foundation is supporting scientific efforts to re-create the passenger pigeon—and exploring
possibilities for the heath hen—within its “Revive & Restore” project, which has its sights on a
range of candidates for resurrection, from the Tasmanian tiger to the woolly mammoth.
de-extinction proposal has been met with no shortage of criticism, ranging from concerns about
the misallocation of limited conservation dollars to a “vanity project,” to worries that the newly
engineered species will wreak havoc when released into the environment, especially since we
may no longer have thespace to accommodate them. Fears have been raised that de-extinction
will also lead to the relaxation of public commitment to conservation and to averting future
species extinctions.
de-extinction offers something vital to conservationists today: an alternative narrative
unburdened by the handwringing over extinction and ecological loss. If we were actually able to
bring back the passenger pigeon, the heath hen, and other iconic species, he believes, “The
conservation story could shift from negative to positive.
Arizona Game and Fish Department has been actively involved in reintroducing Mexican gray
wolves to portions of their historical range since the early 1990s. Management action activities
have included public opinion surveys, site feasibility studies, surveys along the Mexican border
for naturally occurring wolves, and intensive coordination with other cooperating agencies,
primarily the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Mexican Wolf Recovery Plan, adopted under the authority of the Endangered Species Act, has a
primary goal of re-establishing at least 100 wild wolves, within a portion of the subspecies’
historical range, located in east-central Arizona and western New Mexico. A secondary goal is to
manage wolves and their habitat in a manner that will not negatively impact the lifestyles and
economy of local residents. Cooperating agencies will closely monitor and study the
reintroduced wolves, contributing to the conservation of the gray wolf species as a whole.
Management of the reintroduction will be constantly evaluated and adapted as new
circumstances arise. Full recovery of the Mexican wolf subspecies likely will require additional
reintroduction projects elsewhere, and may take several decades to accomplish.
Wolf/Human Interactions Wolves can become acclimated to humans if fed, just like bears, foxes,
and coyotes. Fortunately, Mexican wolf ran.
The two commands are used to verify NAT configuration are1) Router.pdfanyacarpets
The two commands are used to verify NAT configuration are
1) Router# show ip nat translations
2) Router# show ip nat statistics
Solution
The two commands are used to verify NAT configuration are
1) Router# show ip nat translations
2) Router# show ip nat statistics.
There exists two types of circulatory path in cardivascular system .pdfanyacarpets
There exists two types of circulatory path in cardivascular system: 1. Pulmonary circulation and
systemic circulation.
Both of them differ in carrying deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood respectively.
In PULMONARY CIRCULATION: deoxygenated blood is carried from heart to lungs. When
oxygen depleted blood enters right atrium and then through tricuspib valve, enters right ventricle,
From there blood gets pumped into pulnonary artery , which carries blood to the lungs. In the
lungs Carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is absorbed by blood. Alveolar sacs present in lungs
provide surface for gaseous exchange. . Then oxygenated blood is carried by Pulmonary veins to
the left atrium.
In SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION blood is carried from heart to all parts of the body and provides
oxygen and nutrients. oxygenated blood enters left atrium, when it leaves the pulmonary
circulation, and then enters left ventricle through mitral valve. then blood enters aorta, ehich
branches into arteris and carries blood throughout the body.
Solution
There exists two types of circulatory path in cardivascular system: 1. Pulmonary circulation and
systemic circulation.
Both of them differ in carrying deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood respectively.
In PULMONARY CIRCULATION: deoxygenated blood is carried from heart to lungs. When
oxygen depleted blood enters right atrium and then through tricuspib valve, enters right ventricle,
From there blood gets pumped into pulnonary artery , which carries blood to the lungs. In the
lungs Carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is absorbed by blood. Alveolar sacs present in lungs
provide surface for gaseous exchange. . Then oxygenated blood is carried by Pulmonary veins to
the left atrium.
In SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION blood is carried from heart to all parts of the body and provides
oxygen and nutrients. oxygenated blood enters left atrium, when it leaves the pulmonary
circulation, and then enters left ventricle through mitral valve. then blood enters aorta, ehich
branches into arteris and carries blood throughout the body..
The photosystems found in the thylakoid membrane of the plants are t.pdfanyacarpets
The photosystems found in the thylakoid membrane of the plants are the structural and functional
unit of photosynthesis.
Purple bacteria has a single photosystem with bacteriochlorophyl. They do not produce oxygen
while doing photosynthesis. ATP production occurs via cyclic photophosphorylation. Their
electron donor is elemental sulfur.
Green Bacteria- undergo anoxigenic phototrophy. They also possess a single photosystem with
bacteriochlorophyl.. ATP is produced by cyclic photophosphorylation. Electron donor is
thiosulfare or H2S. Alters the ATP or NADH.
Cyanobacteria- Has 2 different photosystems and reaction centres. They undergo oxygenic
phototrophy. They fix CO2, and generate ATP and reducing power in a single process. They
have a similar process of photosynthesis as plants. The electrons passes through the electron
transpot chain fro photosystem I to photosystemII. And ultimately NADPH+ prodeces from
NADP+.
Solution
The photosystems found in the thylakoid membrane of the plants are the structural and functional
unit of photosynthesis.
Purple bacteria has a single photosystem with bacteriochlorophyl. They do not produce oxygen
while doing photosynthesis. ATP production occurs via cyclic photophosphorylation. Their
electron donor is elemental sulfur.
Green Bacteria- undergo anoxigenic phototrophy. They also possess a single photosystem with
bacteriochlorophyl.. ATP is produced by cyclic photophosphorylation. Electron donor is
thiosulfare or H2S. Alters the ATP or NADH.
Cyanobacteria- Has 2 different photosystems and reaction centres. They undergo oxygenic
phototrophy. They fix CO2, and generate ATP and reducing power in a single process. They
have a similar process of photosynthesis as plants. The electrons passes through the electron
transpot chain fro photosystem I to photosystemII. And ultimately NADPH+ prodeces from
NADP+..
The diplococci bacteria are round-shaped microbes, and occur in the .pdfanyacarpets
The diplococci bacteria are round-shaped microbes, and occur in the form of cell pairs. Gram-
negative is a term used in association with these bacteria, which means that a crystal violet dye is
not retained (in the protocol of Gram staining) by these organisms. Those bacteria, which retain
this dye are known as gram positive.
Neisseria Meningitidis:
It is amongst the most important gram negative diplococci, and is responsible for causing
meningitis. . It is a leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis . Meningitis may be accompanied
by appearance of petechiae (rash) that is associated with meningococcal bacteremia
(i.e.,meningococemia).
Symptoms
Early meningitis symptoms may mimic the flu (influenza). Symptoms may develop over several
hours or over a few days.
Possible signs and symptoms in anyone older than the age of 2 include:
· Sudden high fever
· Stiff neck
· Severe headache that seems different than normal
· Headache with nausea or vomiting
· Confusion or difficulty concentrating
· Seizures
· Sleepiness or difficulty waking
· Sensitivity to light
· No appetite or thirst
· Skin rash (sometimes, such as in meningococcal meningitis)
Doctor will also order a lumbar puncture. This test is also called a spinal tap. It allows your
doctor to look for increased pressure in the central nervous system. It can also find inflammation
or bacteria in the spinal fluid. This test can also help determine the best antibiotic for treatment.
Bacterial meningitis requires immediate hospitalization. Early diagnosis and treatment will
prevent brain damage and death. Bacterial meningitis is treated with intravenous antibiotics.
There’s no specific antibiotic for bacterial meningitis. It depends on the bacteria involved.
Solution
The diplococci bacteria are round-shaped microbes, and occur in the form of cell pairs. Gram-
negative is a term used in association with these bacteria, which means that a crystal violet dye is
not retained (in the protocol of Gram staining) by these organisms. Those bacteria, which retain
this dye are known as gram positive.
Neisseria Meningitidis:
It is amongst the most important gram negative diplococci, and is responsible for causing
meningitis. . It is a leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis . Meningitis may be accompanied
by appearance of petechiae (rash) that is associated with meningococcal bacteremia
(i.e.,meningococemia).
Symptoms
Early meningitis symptoms may mimic the flu (influenza). Symptoms may develop over several
hours or over a few days.
Possible signs and symptoms in anyone older than the age of 2 include:
· Sudden high fever
· Stiff neck
· Severe headache that seems different than normal
· Headache with nausea or vomiting
· Confusion or difficulty concentrating
· Seizures
· Sleepiness or difficulty waking
· Sensitivity to light
· No appetite or thirst
· Skin rash (sometimes, such as in meningococcal meningitis)
Doctor will also order a lumbar puncture. This test is also called a spinal tap. It allows your
do.
Technology may be defined as an innovation that can help for a perso.pdfanyacarpets
Technology may be defined as an innovation that can help for a person to create a easy things out
of difficuilt tasks. Actually technology comparises invention, modelling and diffusion out of raw
things.
Technological advancement is change in certain things like cars mobiles etc so as to make life
easier and easier. Technology helps in progress of business, communication with people and
helps in economic development of mankind. We purchase new things with new innovations to
help ourselves to make certain things easier. Technological development has helped us to
provide better mind development so as one is able to gain knowledge more accurately.
Technological development has grown faster and faster day by day to bring out/help people in
their day by day life.
Technological development has created huge advancement in communication skills. In 19th and
20th century communication was not too much developed but during 21st century there was
drastic advancement in communication. People living in different parts of world were
communicating and as such it was like they are close to each other in a single room talking. one
of the best technological development is mobile phones/ smart phones, with the help of these
person is able to locate other people, talk to them even if they are far away, can have knowledge
of certain things in no time, can get knowledge what’s happening in different parts of world. This
has provided a change and advancement in technology (video calling, live calling etc).
Secondly, we have Mobile ad hoc network that has changed into vehicular networks where we
can have security part in our vehicles. In VANET network technology has drastically changed
into numerous amount of innovations. In this network where people can communicate to the
different vehicles and to locate other vehicles in different cities.
VANETs will be surely the largest real life example of a self maintained ad hoc network, if
implemented rightly. Each node in a specific size has got certain properties which can be defined
like service providers, attackers and authorities. Here in this technology you can see the
advancement in technology of vehicles which we don’t see them in past years. Public safety
applications, Curve speed warning, Turn assistance, Collision Warning. Through this technology
one can have intervehicular communication that has got lot of features which communicating
each other. Basically it is the need of people and environment and new researches that drives the
technology, to bring it up to the heights where people can find it easier than earlier.
Cure for diseases have provided new changes in technology as it has provided easier way to treat
patients. Now people are easily treated with lesser pain, more accurately and thus technology has
provided better quality treatments with less pain. Due to progress in technology operations have
become less as this painful treatment has been replaced by laser treatment, humans have been
replaced by robots .
The actual illustration of values is decided by the machine design (.pdfanyacarpets
The actual illustration of values is decided by the machine design (strictly speaking, by the C
implementation). the particular size is accessed through the itemsize attribute. The values hold
on for \'L\' and \'I\' things are diagrammatical as Python long integers once retrieved, as a result
of Python’s plain number sort cannot represent the complete vary of C’s unsigned (long)
integers.
The module defines the subsequent type:
class array.array(typecode[, initializer])
A new array whose things ar restricted by typecode, and initialized from the nonmandatory
initializer worth, that should be a listing, string, or iterable over components of the acceptable
sort.
Changed in version two.4: at one time, solely lists or strings were accepted.
If given a listing or string, the initializer is passed to the new array’s fromlist(), fromstring(), or
fromunicode() methodology (see below) to feature initial things to the array. Otherwise, the
iterable initializer is passed to the extend() methodology.
array.ArrayType
Obsolete alias for array.
Array objects support the normal sequence operations of assortment, slicing, concatenation, and
multiplication. once mistreatment slice assignment, the assigned worth should be Associate in
Nursing array object with an equivalent sort code; all told alternative cases, TypeError is raised.
Array objects additionally implement the buffer interface, and should be used where buffer
objects ar supported.
The following information things and ways also are supported:
array.typecode
The typecode character wont to produce the array.
array.itemsize
The length in bytes of 1 array item within the representation.
array.append(x)
Append a replacement item with worth x to the tip of the array.
array.buffer_info()
Return a tuple (address, length) giving the present memory address and also the length in
components of the buffer wont to hold array’s contents. the dimensions of the memory buffer in
bytes is computed as array.buffer_info()[1] * array.itemsize. this can be often helpful once
operating with low-level (and inherently unsafe) I/O interfaces that need memory addresses, like
bound ioctl() operations. The came back numbers ar valid as long because the array exists and no
length-changing operations ar applied thereto.
Note once mistreatment array objects from code written in C or C++ (the solely thanks to
effectively create use of this information), it makes a lot of sense to use the buffer interface
supported by array objects. This methodology is maintained for backward compatibility and may
be avoided in new code. The buffer interface is documented in Buffers and Memoryview
Objects.
array.byteswap()
“Byteswap” all things of the array. this can be solely supported for values that ar one, 2, 4, or
eight bytes in size; for alternative sorts of values, RuntimeError is raised. it\'s helpful once
reading information from a file written on a machine with a unique computer memory unit order.
array.count(x)
Return the amount of occur.
Solution i.e. m is bounded sequence.To find m for which the oper.pdfanyacarpets
Solution
: i.e. m is bounded sequence.
To find m for which the operator is bounded.
i.e.
so
there fore
Hence we get
Now the operator norm of which is defined as.
Roll up is a type of merger where the investors in the market buy 2 .pdfanyacarpets
Roll up is a type of merger where the investors in the market buy 2 or more companies and
merge them up or roll up to enjoy economies of scale and reduce costs. The companies in merger
are generally small companies.
2. Advantages of roll up are:
a. Provides instant growth in terms of instant risks and rewards to investors due to the synergies
achieved by the merger.
B. Eliminate the competitors in the market due to some of horizontal and vertical mergers I.e.
moving up or down the supply chain.
C. Surprise and challenge the competitors in the market.
3. Disadvantages of roll up are:
A. Integration risk is an important issue when it comes to the integration of operations of two
businesses.
B. Increased cost, sometimes the cost of synergies doesn\'t outweigh the benefits of merger.
C. Cultural issues are also important to address of the merging companies.
4. The recent successful roll up example is of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. based in
Canada. This company grew rapidly with a series of mergers and acquisitions under the
leadership of J. Michael Pearson and in 2015 it was the most valuable company in Canada. It
accquire Salix Pharmaceutical for 14.5$ billion in 2015.
Solution
Roll up is a type of merger where the investors in the market buy 2 or more companies and
merge them up or roll up to enjoy economies of scale and reduce costs. The companies in merger
are generally small companies.
2. Advantages of roll up are:
a. Provides instant growth in terms of instant risks and rewards to investors due to the synergies
achieved by the merger.
B. Eliminate the competitors in the market due to some of horizontal and vertical mergers I.e.
moving up or down the supply chain.
C. Surprise and challenge the competitors in the market.
3. Disadvantages of roll up are:
A. Integration risk is an important issue when it comes to the integration of operations of two
businesses.
B. Increased cost, sometimes the cost of synergies doesn\'t outweigh the benefits of merger.
C. Cultural issues are also important to address of the merging companies.
4. The recent successful roll up example is of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. based in
Canada. This company grew rapidly with a series of mergers and acquisitions under the
leadership of J. Michael Pearson and in 2015 it was the most valuable company in Canada. It
accquire Salix Pharmaceutical for 14.5$ billion in 2015..
PolymorphismWhen one assignment is performed by various ways i.e. .pdfanyacarpets
Polymorphism
When one assignment is performed by various ways i.e. known as polymorphism. For instance:
to persuade the client in an unexpected way, to draw something e.g. shape or rectangle and so on.
In java, we utilize strategy over-burdening and technique abrogating to accomplish
polymorphism.
Another case can be to talk something e.g. feline talks meaw, pooch barks woof and so forth.
Reflection
Covering up inward subtle elements and demonstrating usefulness is known as reflection. For
instance: telephone call, we don\'t have a clue about the inward preparing.
In java, we utilize unique class and interface to accomplish reflection.
Exemplification
Official (or wrapping) code and information together into a solitary unit is known as
exemplification. For instance: container, it is wrapped with various medications.
A java class is the case of exemplification. Java bean is the completely epitomized class since
every one of the information individuals are private here.
Favorable position of OOPs over Procedure-situated programming dialect
1)OOPs makes improvement and support less demanding where as in Procedure-arranged
programming dialect it is difficult to oversee if code develops as undertaking size develops.
2)OOPs gives information covering up while in Procedure-situated programming dialect a
worldwide information can be gotten to from anyplace.
3)OOPs gives capacity to reproduce true occasion substantially more successfully. We can give
the arrangement of genuine word issue on the off chance that we are utilizing the Object-
Oriented Programming dialect.
Worldwide Data Object Data
What is distinction between item arranged programming dialect and article based programming
dialect?
Object based programming dialect tails every one of the elements of OOPs with the exception of
Inheritance. JavaScript and VBScript are case of item based programming dialects.
Solution
Polymorphism
When one assignment is performed by various ways i.e. known as polymorphism. For instance:
to persuade the client in an unexpected way, to draw something e.g. shape or rectangle and so on.
In java, we utilize strategy over-burdening and technique abrogating to accomplish
polymorphism.
Another case can be to talk something e.g. feline talks meaw, pooch barks woof and so forth.
Reflection
Covering up inward subtle elements and demonstrating usefulness is known as reflection. For
instance: telephone call, we don\'t have a clue about the inward preparing.
In java, we utilize unique class and interface to accomplish reflection.
Exemplification
Official (or wrapping) code and information together into a solitary unit is known as
exemplification. For instance: container, it is wrapped with various medications.
A java class is the case of exemplification. Java bean is the completely epitomized class since
every one of the information individuals are private here.
Favorable position of OOPs over Procedure-situated programming dialect
1)OOPs makes improvement and support less .
Ovary Each ovary is whitish in colour and located alongside the la.pdfanyacarpets
Ovary : Each ovary is whitish in colour and located alongside the lateral wall of the uterus in a
region called ovarian fossa. The fossa lies beneath the external iliac artery and in front of the
ureter and the internal iliac artery. Its size is about 4 x 3 x 32 cm.
Uterine horn: They are horns are the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet. They
are the attachment point for round ligament of uterus along with mons pubis.
Uterus: It is located inside the pelvis dorsal to the urinary bladder and ventral to the rectum. It is
pear shaped and 7.6 x 4.5 x 3.0 in dimension. It weighs about 60 gram in adults.
Testes: It is located in the scrotm and composed of dense connective tissue. Sperms travel
through the testis from the tubules, through network of ducts to the epididymis.
epididymus: It is a tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens. It is 6-7 feet in length.
epididymis can be divided into three main regions: The head, the body and the tail.
Vas deferens: It is also called ductus deferens. It transport sperm from the epididymis to the
ejaculatory ducts. Each tube is about 30 cms long.
Seminal vesicle: It is tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder. It is located with in
the pelvis.
Prostate gland: It is walnut sized gland located between the bladder and the penis. It is located
just in front of the rectum. It scretes fluid that nourishes and protect sperm.
Solution
Ovary : Each ovary is whitish in colour and located alongside the lateral wall of the uterus in a
region called ovarian fossa. The fossa lies beneath the external iliac artery and in front of the
ureter and the internal iliac artery. Its size is about 4 x 3 x 32 cm.
Uterine horn: They are horns are the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet. They
are the attachment point for round ligament of uterus along with mons pubis.
Uterus: It is located inside the pelvis dorsal to the urinary bladder and ventral to the rectum. It is
pear shaped and 7.6 x 4.5 x 3.0 in dimension. It weighs about 60 gram in adults.
Testes: It is located in the scrotm and composed of dense connective tissue. Sperms travel
through the testis from the tubules, through network of ducts to the epididymis.
epididymus: It is a tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens. It is 6-7 feet in length.
epididymis can be divided into three main regions: The head, the body and the tail.
Vas deferens: It is also called ductus deferens. It transport sperm from the epididymis to the
ejaculatory ducts. Each tube is about 30 cms long.
Seminal vesicle: It is tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder. It is located with in
the pelvis.
Prostate gland: It is walnut sized gland located between the bladder and the penis. It is located
just in front of the rectum. It scretes fluid that nourishes and protect sperm..
Library automation is inevitable in this age o f information and inf.pdfanyacarpets
Library automation is inevitable in this age o f information and information technologies. Library
automation is the use o f automatic and semi automatic data processing machines to perform
such traditional activities as acquisition, cataloguing and circulation. Library automation may
thus be distinguished from related fields such as information retrieval, automatic indexing and
abstracting and automatic textual analysis. The term automation is defined in Encyclopaedia o f
Computer Science as In business world, the words automation and computer are often used
synonymously\" (Red, 1992). Automation is defined as ‘the technique o f making an apparatus,
or a system operate automatically’ (Sehgal and Behl, 1996). According to the Encyclopaedic
Dictionary o f Library Science automation is ‘the technology concerned with the design and
development o f the process and system that minimizes the necessity of human intervention in
their operation’ (Ishvari et. al., 1993). According to the Encyclopaedia Americana, automation
may be defined as any continuous integrated operation of a producing system that uses electronic
computer on related equipment to regulate and coordinate quantity and quality of what is
produced. Automation is automatic control o f an apparatus, process or system by mechanical or
electronic devices that take the place of human organs or observation efforts or decision
(Webster Dictionary, 1966). The word automation was first introduced by D. S. Harder in 1936.
He defined automation as the automatic handling of parts between progressive production
process. London Goodman (1956) defined automation as the technology of automatic working in
which the handling method, the processes and the design of process material are integrated to
utilize as is economically justifiable in mechanization of thought and effort in order to achieve an
automatic and in some cases a self regulating chain of processes. In the opinion of Bhattacharya
‘there are certain activities traditionally associated with libraries such as acquisition, serial
control, cataloguing and circulation. Today the term library automation is used extensively to
refer primarily to the use of computers to perform some of the traditional library activities
mentioned above. Though computers play the primary role in library automation today, yet the
roles played by telecommunication technology and reprographic technology are of great
significance because of the extent of support they offer to library automation’ (Kumar, 1987).
Library automation may be defined in simple sense as ‘a process of mechanization of library
operations which are of routine and repetitive nature. Computerization of library house keeping
operation, predominance of computerization is known as library automation. Computer is the
most sophisticated electronic device invented by human being for processing enormous amount
of raw data into meaningful and useful form of information with speed, accuracy and reliability’
(.
Introduction In todays fast moving world, one of the major proble.pdfanyacarpets
Introduction: In today\'s fast moving world, one of the major problem infront of varioius
organization is to manager theri internal documents. And for this one of the best solution is
ECM. It stands for Enterprise Content Management. Its being used for following things:
i) Managing the organization\'s documents.
ii) Managing the vaarious other contents.
iii) Its includes various techniques, methods and tools, that are being used through the life
cycle of the perticular document.
Resarch quoestions: The various research quesitons regarding ECM are listed below:
i) Why we should implement the use of ECM in our organization?
ii) How cost effective it is,than other content management schemes?
iii) How robust and how much document duplication as well as content duplication it can
avoid?
iv) What are the various best practices in ECM, we as an organization have to follow.
Related works: The research discussion can be summarized in following given points:
i) ECM is required to implement in any organization, to keep the organization\'s content
updated all the time.
ii) Its a cost effective in longer period of time. Initially we have to spend some amount, but as
its implement and well running then
its cost reduces, as we no more required more resources to manage the contents
iii) Its a robust as well as the various techniques are well tested as well as practiced in various
organization.
Methodology: The are various methodologies of ECM that are described below:
i) We can use ECM in the own premises, or we can use it as the Saas that is Software as a
service.
ii) In some other cases, we have a hybrid type of ECM, composed from Saas and the on
premises type
Solution
Introduction: In today\'s fast moving world, one of the major problem infront of varioius
organization is to manager theri internal documents. And for this one of the best solution is
ECM. It stands for Enterprise Content Management. Its being used for following things:
i) Managing the organization\'s documents.
ii) Managing the vaarious other contents.
iii) Its includes various techniques, methods and tools, that are being used through the life
cycle of the perticular document.
Resarch quoestions: The various research quesitons regarding ECM are listed below:
i) Why we should implement the use of ECM in our organization?
ii) How cost effective it is,than other content management schemes?
iii) How robust and how much document duplication as well as content duplication it can
avoid?
iv) What are the various best practices in ECM, we as an organization have to follow.
Related works: The research discussion can be summarized in following given points:
i) ECM is required to implement in any organization, to keep the organization\'s content
updated all the time.
ii) Its a cost effective in longer period of time. Initially we have to spend some amount, but as
its implement and well running then
its cost reduces, as we no more required more resources to manage the contents
iii) Its a robust as well.
Given = 0.05, the critival value is F(0.95, df=n1-1=4, df=n2-1=15).pdfanyacarpets
Given ? = 0.05, the critival value is F(0.95, df=n1-1=4, df=n2-1=15) = 3.06 (from F table)
Solution
Given ? = 0.05, the critival value is F(0.95, df=n1-1=4, df=n2-1=15) = 3.06 (from F table).
Development phase is the phase of the 4-Phase SDLC is user acceptanc.pdfanyacarpets
Development phase is the phase of the 4-Phase SDLC is user acceptance testing performed
Solution
Development phase is the phase of the 4-Phase SDLC is user acceptance testing performed.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Twenty years after the release of Jurassic Park, the dream of bringi.pdfanyacarpets
Twenty years after the release of Jurassic Park, the dream of bringing back the dinosaurs remains
science fiction. But scientists predict that within 15 years they will be able to revive some more
recently extinct species, such as the dodo or the passenger pigeon, raising the question of
whether or not they should – just because they can.
techno-environmentalist Stewart Brand is one of the driving forces behind the idea, which over
the past 18 months has drawn considerable media attention and scrutiny. Brand’s Long Now
Foundation is supporting scientific efforts to re-create the passenger pigeon—and exploring
possibilities for the heath hen—within its “Revive & Restore” project, which has its sights on a
range of candidates for resurrection, from the Tasmanian tiger to the woolly mammoth.
de-extinction proposal has been met with no shortage of criticism, ranging from concerns about
the misallocation of limited conservation dollars to a “vanity project,” to worries that the newly
engineered species will wreak havoc when released into the environment, especially since we
may no longer have thespace to accommodate them. Fears have been raised that de-extinction
will also lead to the relaxation of public commitment to conservation and to averting future
species extinctions.
de-extinction offers something vital to conservationists today: an alternative narrative
unburdened by the handwringing over extinction and ecological loss. If we were actually able to
bring back the passenger pigeon, the heath hen, and other iconic species, he believes, “The
conservation story could shift from negative to positive.
Arizona Game and Fish Department has been actively involved in reintroducing Mexican gray
wolves to portions of their historical range since the early 1990s. Management action activities
have included public opinion surveys, site feasibility studies, surveys along the Mexican border
for naturally occurring wolves, and intensive coordination with other cooperating agencies,
primarily the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Mexican Wolf Recovery Plan, adopted under the authority of the Endangered Species Act, has a
primary goal of re-establishing at least 100 wild wolves, within a portion of the subspecies’
historical range, located in east-central Arizona and western New Mexico. A secondary goal is to
manage wolves and their habitat in a manner that will not negatively impact the lifestyles and
economy of local residents. Cooperating agencies will closely monitor and study the
reintroduced wolves, contributing to the conservation of the gray wolf species as a whole.
Management of the reintroduction will be constantly evaluated and adapted as new
circumstances arise. Full recovery of the Mexican wolf subspecies likely will require additional
reintroduction projects elsewhere, and may take several decades to accomplish.
Wolf/Human Interactions Wolves can become acclimated to humans if fed, just like bears, foxes,
and coyotes. Fortunately, Mexican wolf ran.
The two commands are used to verify NAT configuration are1) Router.pdfanyacarpets
The two commands are used to verify NAT configuration are
1) Router# show ip nat translations
2) Router# show ip nat statistics
Solution
The two commands are used to verify NAT configuration are
1) Router# show ip nat translations
2) Router# show ip nat statistics.
There exists two types of circulatory path in cardivascular system .pdfanyacarpets
There exists two types of circulatory path in cardivascular system: 1. Pulmonary circulation and
systemic circulation.
Both of them differ in carrying deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood respectively.
In PULMONARY CIRCULATION: deoxygenated blood is carried from heart to lungs. When
oxygen depleted blood enters right atrium and then through tricuspib valve, enters right ventricle,
From there blood gets pumped into pulnonary artery , which carries blood to the lungs. In the
lungs Carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is absorbed by blood. Alveolar sacs present in lungs
provide surface for gaseous exchange. . Then oxygenated blood is carried by Pulmonary veins to
the left atrium.
In SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION blood is carried from heart to all parts of the body and provides
oxygen and nutrients. oxygenated blood enters left atrium, when it leaves the pulmonary
circulation, and then enters left ventricle through mitral valve. then blood enters aorta, ehich
branches into arteris and carries blood throughout the body.
Solution
There exists two types of circulatory path in cardivascular system: 1. Pulmonary circulation and
systemic circulation.
Both of them differ in carrying deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood respectively.
In PULMONARY CIRCULATION: deoxygenated blood is carried from heart to lungs. When
oxygen depleted blood enters right atrium and then through tricuspib valve, enters right ventricle,
From there blood gets pumped into pulnonary artery , which carries blood to the lungs. In the
lungs Carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is absorbed by blood. Alveolar sacs present in lungs
provide surface for gaseous exchange. . Then oxygenated blood is carried by Pulmonary veins to
the left atrium.
In SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION blood is carried from heart to all parts of the body and provides
oxygen and nutrients. oxygenated blood enters left atrium, when it leaves the pulmonary
circulation, and then enters left ventricle through mitral valve. then blood enters aorta, ehich
branches into arteris and carries blood throughout the body..
The photosystems found in the thylakoid membrane of the plants are t.pdfanyacarpets
The photosystems found in the thylakoid membrane of the plants are the structural and functional
unit of photosynthesis.
Purple bacteria has a single photosystem with bacteriochlorophyl. They do not produce oxygen
while doing photosynthesis. ATP production occurs via cyclic photophosphorylation. Their
electron donor is elemental sulfur.
Green Bacteria- undergo anoxigenic phototrophy. They also possess a single photosystem with
bacteriochlorophyl.. ATP is produced by cyclic photophosphorylation. Electron donor is
thiosulfare or H2S. Alters the ATP or NADH.
Cyanobacteria- Has 2 different photosystems and reaction centres. They undergo oxygenic
phototrophy. They fix CO2, and generate ATP and reducing power in a single process. They
have a similar process of photosynthesis as plants. The electrons passes through the electron
transpot chain fro photosystem I to photosystemII. And ultimately NADPH+ prodeces from
NADP+.
Solution
The photosystems found in the thylakoid membrane of the plants are the structural and functional
unit of photosynthesis.
Purple bacteria has a single photosystem with bacteriochlorophyl. They do not produce oxygen
while doing photosynthesis. ATP production occurs via cyclic photophosphorylation. Their
electron donor is elemental sulfur.
Green Bacteria- undergo anoxigenic phototrophy. They also possess a single photosystem with
bacteriochlorophyl.. ATP is produced by cyclic photophosphorylation. Electron donor is
thiosulfare or H2S. Alters the ATP or NADH.
Cyanobacteria- Has 2 different photosystems and reaction centres. They undergo oxygenic
phototrophy. They fix CO2, and generate ATP and reducing power in a single process. They
have a similar process of photosynthesis as plants. The electrons passes through the electron
transpot chain fro photosystem I to photosystemII. And ultimately NADPH+ prodeces from
NADP+..
The diplococci bacteria are round-shaped microbes, and occur in the .pdfanyacarpets
The diplococci bacteria are round-shaped microbes, and occur in the form of cell pairs. Gram-
negative is a term used in association with these bacteria, which means that a crystal violet dye is
not retained (in the protocol of Gram staining) by these organisms. Those bacteria, which retain
this dye are known as gram positive.
Neisseria Meningitidis:
It is amongst the most important gram negative diplococci, and is responsible for causing
meningitis. . It is a leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis . Meningitis may be accompanied
by appearance of petechiae (rash) that is associated with meningococcal bacteremia
(i.e.,meningococemia).
Symptoms
Early meningitis symptoms may mimic the flu (influenza). Symptoms may develop over several
hours or over a few days.
Possible signs and symptoms in anyone older than the age of 2 include:
· Sudden high fever
· Stiff neck
· Severe headache that seems different than normal
· Headache with nausea or vomiting
· Confusion or difficulty concentrating
· Seizures
· Sleepiness or difficulty waking
· Sensitivity to light
· No appetite or thirst
· Skin rash (sometimes, such as in meningococcal meningitis)
Doctor will also order a lumbar puncture. This test is also called a spinal tap. It allows your
doctor to look for increased pressure in the central nervous system. It can also find inflammation
or bacteria in the spinal fluid. This test can also help determine the best antibiotic for treatment.
Bacterial meningitis requires immediate hospitalization. Early diagnosis and treatment will
prevent brain damage and death. Bacterial meningitis is treated with intravenous antibiotics.
There’s no specific antibiotic for bacterial meningitis. It depends on the bacteria involved.
Solution
The diplococci bacteria are round-shaped microbes, and occur in the form of cell pairs. Gram-
negative is a term used in association with these bacteria, which means that a crystal violet dye is
not retained (in the protocol of Gram staining) by these organisms. Those bacteria, which retain
this dye are known as gram positive.
Neisseria Meningitidis:
It is amongst the most important gram negative diplococci, and is responsible for causing
meningitis. . It is a leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis . Meningitis may be accompanied
by appearance of petechiae (rash) that is associated with meningococcal bacteremia
(i.e.,meningococemia).
Symptoms
Early meningitis symptoms may mimic the flu (influenza). Symptoms may develop over several
hours or over a few days.
Possible signs and symptoms in anyone older than the age of 2 include:
· Sudden high fever
· Stiff neck
· Severe headache that seems different than normal
· Headache with nausea or vomiting
· Confusion or difficulty concentrating
· Seizures
· Sleepiness or difficulty waking
· Sensitivity to light
· No appetite or thirst
· Skin rash (sometimes, such as in meningococcal meningitis)
Doctor will also order a lumbar puncture. This test is also called a spinal tap. It allows your
do.
Technology may be defined as an innovation that can help for a perso.pdfanyacarpets
Technology may be defined as an innovation that can help for a person to create a easy things out
of difficuilt tasks. Actually technology comparises invention, modelling and diffusion out of raw
things.
Technological advancement is change in certain things like cars mobiles etc so as to make life
easier and easier. Technology helps in progress of business, communication with people and
helps in economic development of mankind. We purchase new things with new innovations to
help ourselves to make certain things easier. Technological development has helped us to
provide better mind development so as one is able to gain knowledge more accurately.
Technological development has grown faster and faster day by day to bring out/help people in
their day by day life.
Technological development has created huge advancement in communication skills. In 19th and
20th century communication was not too much developed but during 21st century there was
drastic advancement in communication. People living in different parts of world were
communicating and as such it was like they are close to each other in a single room talking. one
of the best technological development is mobile phones/ smart phones, with the help of these
person is able to locate other people, talk to them even if they are far away, can have knowledge
of certain things in no time, can get knowledge what’s happening in different parts of world. This
has provided a change and advancement in technology (video calling, live calling etc).
Secondly, we have Mobile ad hoc network that has changed into vehicular networks where we
can have security part in our vehicles. In VANET network technology has drastically changed
into numerous amount of innovations. In this network where people can communicate to the
different vehicles and to locate other vehicles in different cities.
VANETs will be surely the largest real life example of a self maintained ad hoc network, if
implemented rightly. Each node in a specific size has got certain properties which can be defined
like service providers, attackers and authorities. Here in this technology you can see the
advancement in technology of vehicles which we don’t see them in past years. Public safety
applications, Curve speed warning, Turn assistance, Collision Warning. Through this technology
one can have intervehicular communication that has got lot of features which communicating
each other. Basically it is the need of people and environment and new researches that drives the
technology, to bring it up to the heights where people can find it easier than earlier.
Cure for diseases have provided new changes in technology as it has provided easier way to treat
patients. Now people are easily treated with lesser pain, more accurately and thus technology has
provided better quality treatments with less pain. Due to progress in technology operations have
become less as this painful treatment has been replaced by laser treatment, humans have been
replaced by robots .
The actual illustration of values is decided by the machine design (.pdfanyacarpets
The actual illustration of values is decided by the machine design (strictly speaking, by the C
implementation). the particular size is accessed through the itemsize attribute. The values hold
on for \'L\' and \'I\' things are diagrammatical as Python long integers once retrieved, as a result
of Python’s plain number sort cannot represent the complete vary of C’s unsigned (long)
integers.
The module defines the subsequent type:
class array.array(typecode[, initializer])
A new array whose things ar restricted by typecode, and initialized from the nonmandatory
initializer worth, that should be a listing, string, or iterable over components of the acceptable
sort.
Changed in version two.4: at one time, solely lists or strings were accepted.
If given a listing or string, the initializer is passed to the new array’s fromlist(), fromstring(), or
fromunicode() methodology (see below) to feature initial things to the array. Otherwise, the
iterable initializer is passed to the extend() methodology.
array.ArrayType
Obsolete alias for array.
Array objects support the normal sequence operations of assortment, slicing, concatenation, and
multiplication. once mistreatment slice assignment, the assigned worth should be Associate in
Nursing array object with an equivalent sort code; all told alternative cases, TypeError is raised.
Array objects additionally implement the buffer interface, and should be used where buffer
objects ar supported.
The following information things and ways also are supported:
array.typecode
The typecode character wont to produce the array.
array.itemsize
The length in bytes of 1 array item within the representation.
array.append(x)
Append a replacement item with worth x to the tip of the array.
array.buffer_info()
Return a tuple (address, length) giving the present memory address and also the length in
components of the buffer wont to hold array’s contents. the dimensions of the memory buffer in
bytes is computed as array.buffer_info()[1] * array.itemsize. this can be often helpful once
operating with low-level (and inherently unsafe) I/O interfaces that need memory addresses, like
bound ioctl() operations. The came back numbers ar valid as long because the array exists and no
length-changing operations ar applied thereto.
Note once mistreatment array objects from code written in C or C++ (the solely thanks to
effectively create use of this information), it makes a lot of sense to use the buffer interface
supported by array objects. This methodology is maintained for backward compatibility and may
be avoided in new code. The buffer interface is documented in Buffers and Memoryview
Objects.
array.byteswap()
“Byteswap” all things of the array. this can be solely supported for values that ar one, 2, 4, or
eight bytes in size; for alternative sorts of values, RuntimeError is raised. it\'s helpful once
reading information from a file written on a machine with a unique computer memory unit order.
array.count(x)
Return the amount of occur.
Solution i.e. m is bounded sequence.To find m for which the oper.pdfanyacarpets
Solution
: i.e. m is bounded sequence.
To find m for which the operator is bounded.
i.e.
so
there fore
Hence we get
Now the operator norm of which is defined as.
Roll up is a type of merger where the investors in the market buy 2 .pdfanyacarpets
Roll up is a type of merger where the investors in the market buy 2 or more companies and
merge them up or roll up to enjoy economies of scale and reduce costs. The companies in merger
are generally small companies.
2. Advantages of roll up are:
a. Provides instant growth in terms of instant risks and rewards to investors due to the synergies
achieved by the merger.
B. Eliminate the competitors in the market due to some of horizontal and vertical mergers I.e.
moving up or down the supply chain.
C. Surprise and challenge the competitors in the market.
3. Disadvantages of roll up are:
A. Integration risk is an important issue when it comes to the integration of operations of two
businesses.
B. Increased cost, sometimes the cost of synergies doesn\'t outweigh the benefits of merger.
C. Cultural issues are also important to address of the merging companies.
4. The recent successful roll up example is of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. based in
Canada. This company grew rapidly with a series of mergers and acquisitions under the
leadership of J. Michael Pearson and in 2015 it was the most valuable company in Canada. It
accquire Salix Pharmaceutical for 14.5$ billion in 2015.
Solution
Roll up is a type of merger where the investors in the market buy 2 or more companies and
merge them up or roll up to enjoy economies of scale and reduce costs. The companies in merger
are generally small companies.
2. Advantages of roll up are:
a. Provides instant growth in terms of instant risks and rewards to investors due to the synergies
achieved by the merger.
B. Eliminate the competitors in the market due to some of horizontal and vertical mergers I.e.
moving up or down the supply chain.
C. Surprise and challenge the competitors in the market.
3. Disadvantages of roll up are:
A. Integration risk is an important issue when it comes to the integration of operations of two
businesses.
B. Increased cost, sometimes the cost of synergies doesn\'t outweigh the benefits of merger.
C. Cultural issues are also important to address of the merging companies.
4. The recent successful roll up example is of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. based in
Canada. This company grew rapidly with a series of mergers and acquisitions under the
leadership of J. Michael Pearson and in 2015 it was the most valuable company in Canada. It
accquire Salix Pharmaceutical for 14.5$ billion in 2015..
PolymorphismWhen one assignment is performed by various ways i.e. .pdfanyacarpets
Polymorphism
When one assignment is performed by various ways i.e. known as polymorphism. For instance:
to persuade the client in an unexpected way, to draw something e.g. shape or rectangle and so on.
In java, we utilize strategy over-burdening and technique abrogating to accomplish
polymorphism.
Another case can be to talk something e.g. feline talks meaw, pooch barks woof and so forth.
Reflection
Covering up inward subtle elements and demonstrating usefulness is known as reflection. For
instance: telephone call, we don\'t have a clue about the inward preparing.
In java, we utilize unique class and interface to accomplish reflection.
Exemplification
Official (or wrapping) code and information together into a solitary unit is known as
exemplification. For instance: container, it is wrapped with various medications.
A java class is the case of exemplification. Java bean is the completely epitomized class since
every one of the information individuals are private here.
Favorable position of OOPs over Procedure-situated programming dialect
1)OOPs makes improvement and support less demanding where as in Procedure-arranged
programming dialect it is difficult to oversee if code develops as undertaking size develops.
2)OOPs gives information covering up while in Procedure-situated programming dialect a
worldwide information can be gotten to from anyplace.
3)OOPs gives capacity to reproduce true occasion substantially more successfully. We can give
the arrangement of genuine word issue on the off chance that we are utilizing the Object-
Oriented Programming dialect.
Worldwide Data Object Data
What is distinction between item arranged programming dialect and article based programming
dialect?
Object based programming dialect tails every one of the elements of OOPs with the exception of
Inheritance. JavaScript and VBScript are case of item based programming dialects.
Solution
Polymorphism
When one assignment is performed by various ways i.e. known as polymorphism. For instance:
to persuade the client in an unexpected way, to draw something e.g. shape or rectangle and so on.
In java, we utilize strategy over-burdening and technique abrogating to accomplish
polymorphism.
Another case can be to talk something e.g. feline talks meaw, pooch barks woof and so forth.
Reflection
Covering up inward subtle elements and demonstrating usefulness is known as reflection. For
instance: telephone call, we don\'t have a clue about the inward preparing.
In java, we utilize unique class and interface to accomplish reflection.
Exemplification
Official (or wrapping) code and information together into a solitary unit is known as
exemplification. For instance: container, it is wrapped with various medications.
A java class is the case of exemplification. Java bean is the completely epitomized class since
every one of the information individuals are private here.
Favorable position of OOPs over Procedure-situated programming dialect
1)OOPs makes improvement and support less .
Ovary Each ovary is whitish in colour and located alongside the la.pdfanyacarpets
Ovary : Each ovary is whitish in colour and located alongside the lateral wall of the uterus in a
region called ovarian fossa. The fossa lies beneath the external iliac artery and in front of the
ureter and the internal iliac artery. Its size is about 4 x 3 x 32 cm.
Uterine horn: They are horns are the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet. They
are the attachment point for round ligament of uterus along with mons pubis.
Uterus: It is located inside the pelvis dorsal to the urinary bladder and ventral to the rectum. It is
pear shaped and 7.6 x 4.5 x 3.0 in dimension. It weighs about 60 gram in adults.
Testes: It is located in the scrotm and composed of dense connective tissue. Sperms travel
through the testis from the tubules, through network of ducts to the epididymis.
epididymus: It is a tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens. It is 6-7 feet in length.
epididymis can be divided into three main regions: The head, the body and the tail.
Vas deferens: It is also called ductus deferens. It transport sperm from the epididymis to the
ejaculatory ducts. Each tube is about 30 cms long.
Seminal vesicle: It is tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder. It is located with in
the pelvis.
Prostate gland: It is walnut sized gland located between the bladder and the penis. It is located
just in front of the rectum. It scretes fluid that nourishes and protect sperm.
Solution
Ovary : Each ovary is whitish in colour and located alongside the lateral wall of the uterus in a
region called ovarian fossa. The fossa lies beneath the external iliac artery and in front of the
ureter and the internal iliac artery. Its size is about 4 x 3 x 32 cm.
Uterine horn: They are horns are the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet. They
are the attachment point for round ligament of uterus along with mons pubis.
Uterus: It is located inside the pelvis dorsal to the urinary bladder and ventral to the rectum. It is
pear shaped and 7.6 x 4.5 x 3.0 in dimension. It weighs about 60 gram in adults.
Testes: It is located in the scrotm and composed of dense connective tissue. Sperms travel
through the testis from the tubules, through network of ducts to the epididymis.
epididymus: It is a tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens. It is 6-7 feet in length.
epididymis can be divided into three main regions: The head, the body and the tail.
Vas deferens: It is also called ductus deferens. It transport sperm from the epididymis to the
ejaculatory ducts. Each tube is about 30 cms long.
Seminal vesicle: It is tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder. It is located with in
the pelvis.
Prostate gland: It is walnut sized gland located between the bladder and the penis. It is located
just in front of the rectum. It scretes fluid that nourishes and protect sperm..
Library automation is inevitable in this age o f information and inf.pdfanyacarpets
Library automation is inevitable in this age o f information and information technologies. Library
automation is the use o f automatic and semi automatic data processing machines to perform
such traditional activities as acquisition, cataloguing and circulation. Library automation may
thus be distinguished from related fields such as information retrieval, automatic indexing and
abstracting and automatic textual analysis. The term automation is defined in Encyclopaedia o f
Computer Science as In business world, the words automation and computer are often used
synonymously\" (Red, 1992). Automation is defined as ‘the technique o f making an apparatus,
or a system operate automatically’ (Sehgal and Behl, 1996). According to the Encyclopaedic
Dictionary o f Library Science automation is ‘the technology concerned with the design and
development o f the process and system that minimizes the necessity of human intervention in
their operation’ (Ishvari et. al., 1993). According to the Encyclopaedia Americana, automation
may be defined as any continuous integrated operation of a producing system that uses electronic
computer on related equipment to regulate and coordinate quantity and quality of what is
produced. Automation is automatic control o f an apparatus, process or system by mechanical or
electronic devices that take the place of human organs or observation efforts or decision
(Webster Dictionary, 1966). The word automation was first introduced by D. S. Harder in 1936.
He defined automation as the automatic handling of parts between progressive production
process. London Goodman (1956) defined automation as the technology of automatic working in
which the handling method, the processes and the design of process material are integrated to
utilize as is economically justifiable in mechanization of thought and effort in order to achieve an
automatic and in some cases a self regulating chain of processes. In the opinion of Bhattacharya
‘there are certain activities traditionally associated with libraries such as acquisition, serial
control, cataloguing and circulation. Today the term library automation is used extensively to
refer primarily to the use of computers to perform some of the traditional library activities
mentioned above. Though computers play the primary role in library automation today, yet the
roles played by telecommunication technology and reprographic technology are of great
significance because of the extent of support they offer to library automation’ (Kumar, 1987).
Library automation may be defined in simple sense as ‘a process of mechanization of library
operations which are of routine and repetitive nature. Computerization of library house keeping
operation, predominance of computerization is known as library automation. Computer is the
most sophisticated electronic device invented by human being for processing enormous amount
of raw data into meaningful and useful form of information with speed, accuracy and reliability’
(.
Introduction In todays fast moving world, one of the major proble.pdfanyacarpets
Introduction: In today\'s fast moving world, one of the major problem infront of varioius
organization is to manager theri internal documents. And for this one of the best solution is
ECM. It stands for Enterprise Content Management. Its being used for following things:
i) Managing the organization\'s documents.
ii) Managing the vaarious other contents.
iii) Its includes various techniques, methods and tools, that are being used through the life
cycle of the perticular document.
Resarch quoestions: The various research quesitons regarding ECM are listed below:
i) Why we should implement the use of ECM in our organization?
ii) How cost effective it is,than other content management schemes?
iii) How robust and how much document duplication as well as content duplication it can
avoid?
iv) What are the various best practices in ECM, we as an organization have to follow.
Related works: The research discussion can be summarized in following given points:
i) ECM is required to implement in any organization, to keep the organization\'s content
updated all the time.
ii) Its a cost effective in longer period of time. Initially we have to spend some amount, but as
its implement and well running then
its cost reduces, as we no more required more resources to manage the contents
iii) Its a robust as well as the various techniques are well tested as well as practiced in various
organization.
Methodology: The are various methodologies of ECM that are described below:
i) We can use ECM in the own premises, or we can use it as the Saas that is Software as a
service.
ii) In some other cases, we have a hybrid type of ECM, composed from Saas and the on
premises type
Solution
Introduction: In today\'s fast moving world, one of the major problem infront of varioius
organization is to manager theri internal documents. And for this one of the best solution is
ECM. It stands for Enterprise Content Management. Its being used for following things:
i) Managing the organization\'s documents.
ii) Managing the vaarious other contents.
iii) Its includes various techniques, methods and tools, that are being used through the life
cycle of the perticular document.
Resarch quoestions: The various research quesitons regarding ECM are listed below:
i) Why we should implement the use of ECM in our organization?
ii) How cost effective it is,than other content management schemes?
iii) How robust and how much document duplication as well as content duplication it can
avoid?
iv) What are the various best practices in ECM, we as an organization have to follow.
Related works: The research discussion can be summarized in following given points:
i) ECM is required to implement in any organization, to keep the organization\'s content
updated all the time.
ii) Its a cost effective in longer period of time. Initially we have to spend some amount, but as
its implement and well running then
its cost reduces, as we no more required more resources to manage the contents
iii) Its a robust as well.
Given = 0.05, the critival value is F(0.95, df=n1-1=4, df=n2-1=15).pdfanyacarpets
Given ? = 0.05, the critival value is F(0.95, df=n1-1=4, df=n2-1=15) = 3.06 (from F table)
Solution
Given ? = 0.05, the critival value is F(0.95, df=n1-1=4, df=n2-1=15) = 3.06 (from F table).
Development phase is the phase of the 4-Phase SDLC is user acceptanc.pdfanyacarpets
Development phase is the phase of the 4-Phase SDLC is user acceptance testing performed
Solution
Development phase is the phase of the 4-Phase SDLC is user acceptance testing performed.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.