The Diffusion Of The Italian Identity

The Diffusion Of The Italian Identity
Italian Fascism is an authoritarian and nationalistic system of government and social organization, it
was the political result of the relationship between socialist and nationalist rhetoric. It is a form of
governance which employs intolerant views and practices, advocating traditionalism,
interventionism and sameness rather than individualism. In order to promote their totalitarian ideals
during the 1930s to 1945 fascist politicians such as Benito Mussolini, who had previously been a
socialist newspaper editor, employed propaganda that included virtually all modes of media: the
press, posters and film. The widespread dissemination of totalitarian ideals infiltrated into the school
system where young Italians born from 1910 to 1935 were taught to "obey and fight." The purpose
of this paper is to analyse the diffusion of the Italian Identity through fascist propaganda from 1922–
1943 and the identity that was diffused as a result of the exploitation of Mussolini's various
propaganda mediums. Did fascist propaganda contribute to the diffusion of an Italian identity? If so,
what identity was diffused? The etymology of "fascism" is denotative of power and dominance. For
example, the term derived from the Roman fasces which were bundles of rods bound to each other,
carried in advance of Roman magistrates. The rods were symbolic of power to punish through
severe beating and the axes which extended from the center were symbolic of punishment by death
(Grolier Education p.110).
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Adolf Hitler's Influence On Italian Fascism
Nazism is the body of political and economic doctrines held and put into effect by the Nazi's in
Germany from 1933 – 1945 also including the totalitarian principle of government, supremacy of
especially Germanic groups assumed to be racially superior to any other racial group. Nazism was
more extreme in it's ideas as well as it's practices. In it's very intense nationalism, it's great appeal,
and the dictatorial rule, Nazism had many relations to Italian fascism.
Accordingly, Nazism, a totalitarian movement, that was led by Adolf Hitler, who was head of the
Nazi party. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20,1889 in Braunau am Inn, He was raised by his two
parents Alois and Klara Hitler. Hitler soon became rebellious and started failing at school. His
failure to get into the famed Academy of Fine Arts led him to be ... Show more content on
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He believed that Aryans (blonde hair and blue eyes), also known as the "perfect race" were superior
to all races. He identified Jews with Bolshevism and a type of cosmic evil. It was taught that Jews
were to be discriminated against not because of their religion but because of their race. Despite the
economic and political successes, Nazism kept it's power through mass manipulation and coercion.
As Hitler said speaking to a crowd at the Sports Palace in Berlin, "and we say that war will not end
as the Jews imagine it will, namely with the uprooting of the Aryans, but as a result of this war will
be the complete annihilation of the Jews."Jews and other minority races were often sent to
concentration camps to either be killed or to be worked until they die from starvation or exhaustion.
The Jews were to wear the star of David on their shoulder to show that they were Jews. Any race
that was a minority to the Aryans were allowed to be treated anyway, no matter how

Compare And Contrast Mussolini And Fascism
Fascist was popular during World War II. Two of the most famous Fascist that were documented to
be fascist by definition were Mussolini. Mussolini was the leader of the Italian government, and
Adolf Hitler the leader of Germany. They both brought the fascist regimen to their countries. These
two Fascist were known to try to bring law and order to society with an iron fist(Findley &
Rothney,2011). Mussolini and Hitler are both perhaps the most famous to have followed the
Fascism order. Fascism was first a term used to describe political parties in Italy. But as the 1920s
and 1930s started to come around the word fascist was a label for any country who did not did not
play by the socialist or a democracy (Findley ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fascism is extreme left and right ideas. Fascism is the powerful preying on the not powerful.
Fascism is the rich and the leaders of a country leading the lesser citizens without no questions
being asked(Gibson,1997). Fascism says it wants equality of the social classes, but it then drives a
wedge between the social classes. What it wants is much darker while calling for social order it
divides people by anything you can think of race, gender, religion etc.(Gibson,1997). Fascism is
both the ideas of the left and right party. Fascism has a resemblance to Marxism because they both
underneath are a peace of socialism. After world war I, perhaps the most famous fascist their was
starting to climb through the ranks of Germany. This man was called Adolf Hitler and he brought
speeches about a better country to the German people that this was after world war I and they
needed a hero. Adolf Hitler brings hope to Germany's great depression. Mussolini went a similar
route in his country of Italy. which also just got done fighting world war I (Findley &
Rothney,2011). Each country just got done fighting a war and needed to get out of the depression.
Hitler and Mussolini purposed ideas about hard work and that no one gets a free ride. Hitler had
socialized health care in his country and it made him famous because healthcare was actually
helping people (Findley&

How Did Benito Mussolini Support Fascism
Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883 in Forli, Italy. He was the son of a
blacksmith that believed in socialism. As a child, Mussolini was very intelligent, but also very
disobedient. He was expelled from many schools for bullying and defying school authorities. In
1901, he obtained a teaching certificate and was a schoolmaster for a short time. He was raised to
believe in socialism but as time went by, his beliefs changed.
Fascism Fascism was a political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its
leaders. Mussolini used his former allies, the socialist to build power, but betrayed them by
supporting fascism. He wanted to make Italy a major power and create an Italian colonial empire.
Mussolini ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His followers were called fascists. Fascist squads swept through Italy's countryside, causing a lot of
destruction. In October 1922, about 30,000 fascists marched to Rome and demanded that King
Victor Emmanuel put Mussolini in charge of the government. Now that he was prime minister,
Mussolini abolished other political parties. Once he was leader, he called himself Il
Duce or The Supreme Leader. Mussolini could continue his fascist reign with all the power he got.
Ethiopia Mussolini invaded Ethiopia to show the strength of his regime. Italy prepared for 10
months before invading Ethiopia in October 1935. Ethiopians were not prepared to fight against
Italy's modern tanks and airplanes. Italians dropped gas bombs on the Ethiopian people. Britain,
France, and other countries did not like Italy's conquering of Ethiopia. The disapproval of other
nation drove Mussolini to an alliance with Germany.
Militarism/Blackshirts The Blackshirts were armed squads who supported Mussolini and used
violence to fight anti–fascist groups. The Blackshirts became the national militia on February 1,
1923. Mussolini used middle–class youth to suppress his opposition. The Blackshirts were a
powerful force that later merged with the military. They wore black uniforms were a way of
showing support for the Italian fascist

Mussolini Cause Ww2
The laws of cause and effect govern our lives, the consequences of the actions we take can have
sizable impacts on the world. Keynote speaker Stephan Covey once said that "While we are free to
choose our actions, we are not free to choose the consequences of those actions." Why did
Mussolini choose to make the choices he did? The consequences that occurred from the actions
taken by Mussolini were one of the biggest causes of World War Two. Mussolini's rise to power
through the creation of fascism against democracy, opposition against Marxism for dictatorship, and
utilizing extreme nationalism had major consequences to ultimately cause World War Two.
Mussolini's Rise to power was the most important cause to WW2 because he forged the paramilitary
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Fascism is a government system led by an all–powerful dictator who emphasized racist and
nationalist views. Some effects of Italy after the war caused numerous problems including
negatively affecting the economy, riots, and unemployment (evidence). As fascism against
democracy rose partially through nationalistic views, the people of Italy looked at fascist leaders
like Mussolini to fix the many problems. Mussolini used the Black Shirts, his gangs of thugs, to
promote the fascist views of anti–anarchy, while ironically causing chaos and suggesting that he was
the ultimate champion of order and law (evidence). Although German and Italian Fascism
contrasted in some ways the fascism of Italy allowed for Germany's "final solution" to start being
implemented in Germany, which was a cause of WW2. Fascism in Italy caused the alignment of
Germany and Italy, causing

Benito Mussolini The Doctrine Of Fascism Summary
This passage taken from "The Doctrine of Fascism", was written after the conclusion of the first
world war. After the first world war, Italy like many nations faced hard economic times, unlike some
countries though Italians were upset at the lack of land given to Italy. These along with other factors
led an Italian named Benito Mussolini to find the first Fascist movement. In 1922 the Fascist
movement marched on Rome and began to flex its muscles as Mussolini was named prime minster.
"The Doctrine of Fascism was written by Mussolini to illustrate the ideological stance of the Fascist
party. Most people who would read this would be of the middle class or higher. This type of
literature would appeal to those who were upset with the results of world war one, and those who
were growing up in the Mussolini regime. In other parts of the world, Mussolini's illustration of
fascism would also appeal to individuals who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He goes on to say that the fascist doctrine has a view on all the issues of the world as well as the
oppressing problems that affect the people of the world. Mussolini clearly states that the fascist
doctrine sees no clear possibility of peace. He continues by saying war brings out the best of people
and is irreplaceable. He argues that men will fall by the way side in history, along with the notion of
a "class war". Mussolini says that only following socialism is fascism in the attack on democratic
ideals and is rejecting them "both in their theoretical premises and in their applications". He follows
that statement by stating how fascism denies the majority rule and the use of elections that give little
power to the people to make any real changes. Mussolini equates democracy to the spreading of
power to a few elites instead of one monarch, which he says can cause even more

Essay about German Nazism vs. Italian Fascism
German Nazism vs. Italian Fascism
Fascism and Nazism were two different political groups taken place in two different locations.
Nazism was evolved in Germany which were the people that mainly were against Judaism. As for
fascism, it took place in Italy and focused mainly on a system of government that was under a
dictator, or a ruler who had absolute power. Both these groups had similariteis as well as differences
in which will soon be understood.
Benito Mussolini which was born in 1883 and died in 1945. He came to power with his new ideas in
1919, called Fascio di Combat, which is also known as Fascism.
To understand Fascism better, it is basically a spiritual attitude. It sees not only the individual but
also the nation and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A show trial and subsequent executions of these traitors took place.
Now, with the Italian fascist state crumbling around him, and without a direct charge from
Mussolini, Gentile, who had been among those competing for Mussolini's favor in earlier periods of
fascism, created the last Italian fascist theory. And that was more philosophical than the earlier
attempts at creating an ideology were. Gentile's theory had its descriptive moments, but, in the large,
he offered a wholly philosophical oversight into pure fascism. It had little in the way of a call to
arms.
The state is supreme. All that is, within the state, is brought to fulfillment in the state. Nothing that
is, within the state, can be permitted to exist beyond the reaches of the state. Nothing that is, within
the state, can be permitted to go against the state. It is the final resting–place of all that man has
created.
Fascism admitted strong totalitarian overtones until it became interested in wars of colonial
conquest. It had come to power because of the decaying social, economic and political conditions of
post–World War I Italy. It had brought order out of chaos. Indeed, order was its strong selling point
when, after a series of crippling strikes sponsored by the socialists, it had managed when the liberal
democratic state could not manage.
Fascism bragged of its accomplishments in areas such as making trains run on time and

Italy Silvio Berlusconi Research Paper
In our country currently, corruption is a topic highly discussed among the people of America. People
believe that corruption costed them, the most recent Presidential election. Some say corruption in
our government caused them to go out make their voices heard by voting for someone who preached
of cleaning up Washington, D.C.. But across the Atlantic Ocean there are problems of their own
evolving rapidly, more specifically in Italy. Is the reason Italy's so corrupt, do to the fact wealthy
people will do to all their best to effect outcome? History has showed us that corruption can run
rabbid through the world, take a look at Africa. Millions of dollar and supplies are shipped there, but
are lucky if they reach their intended targets "Italy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The only thing about corruption that has evolved since the first idea of it was conceived is the fact
it's dipped its toe into fraud, embezzlement, theft, bribes, and kickbacks. Silvio used his social
enterprise to help him rise to the highest political achievement you can have in Italy, along the way
he made horrific mistakes that eventual would be the end of him. The Mafia started as basically a
bodyguard for your land before Italy was even established as a country. Since then they hit a point
of decline but eventually rose to unimaginable strength. Would weave its way in between the cracks
of the Italian government. So when i ask the question of, is the reason Italy's so corrupt, do to the
fact wealthy people will do to all their best to effect outcome? I don't believe it's just these things
contributing to the demise of the Italian government, but the mindset, the moral of the Italian
people. They know that half their government is not for the people but or themselves. And they don't
do anything about it. In America the authenticity of our government came under fire, so the people
of America decided to attack the situation and elect a person who claims to clean up the
government. Atleast thats more then Italy has done, and their situation is much more

How Did Benito Mussolini Gain Power
The following critical review of the factors that brought Benito Mussolini to power will look at
fascism and how Mussolini came to gain political power. This review will present both aspects of
how historians have reacted to various hypotheses about fascism and Mussolini gaining power,
positive reviews that support different theories and others who oppose certain ideas. The main
finding was that Mussolini's rise to power owes more to the failures of others than to his own
strengths. In 1922, the King of Italy invited Benito Mussolini into government to be Prime Minister.
This was the result of numerous factors, such as Mussolini's charismatic personality, his way of
handling events, favorable circumstances, his ability to detect and use possibilities. Primarily the
weaknesses of his opponents allowed for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several theories have been explained above from various historians about how Mussolini gained
power. Mussolini was able to gain political power through a series of mistakes and luck. Mussolini
started out working in the newspaper industry, which allowed him to voice his opinions and learn to
gauge what the people wanted. He was an expert at gauging what the people wanted, and was able
to successfully give them what they wanted to hear for many years. As Dr. Cavaliere claimed,
"Mussolini had his finger on the pulse of Italy". He was also able to appeal to returning soldiers,
from World War One, who were unemployed after the war and felt left behind by Italian society.
They were the ideal basis for a paramilitary force, Mussolini's militant wing used to fight 'the red
menace' then later used to promote the part and intimate or punish others. They had the equipment,
had been trained to fight in the Great War, were disciplined soldiers and loyal to whoever could
restore Italian to the way it was before the disastrous

Fascism Benito Mussolini Excerpt Analysis
In the excerpt on the nature of Fascism by Benito Mussolini, Mussolini summarizes several critical
characteristics on his ideal political philosophy, Fascism. First off I will begin with, what is
Fascism? The principle of Fascism conveys a nation where the vagueness of a person to live a life of
self–centered and brief pleasure is conquered by a proper law. Basically, Fascism tries to initiate a
state where the people do not live individually; it creates for the state to control. Mussolini outlines
his idea of the Fascism philosophy and describes the main concepts that it will attend to when it
becomes the commanding political system in Italy. Some of the main points Mussolini incorporated
in his excerpt are an extreme importance on nationalism, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Therefore, Mussolini decides to call for an alliance of all Italian citizens over his Fascist
government. Mussolini honestly believed that the Italian state was destined for excellence, and the
only way to achieve such excellence was through the utmost social support under Fascism.
Mussolini promoted a mass transformation of the Italian nation, centralization of government and
formation of a nation in strength rather than land. Mussolini thought that a state's control resulted
from its citizens, who had to be well regulated, abundant, and reliable in order to thrive.
Secondly, the Fascist notion is for the nation, and given that an individual is under the rule of the
nation, it is also for the individual. The excerpt on Fascism advocates that the true authenticity of the
individual is the state. As a result, anything outside of the state or in disagreement with the state has
no real worth. A person must not have trust in anything that the state wants him or her to trust in;
neither must he or she do anything the state does not want him or her to do. The state ultimately
becomes the people's highest influence and the will of the people is the

Benito Mussolini, AKA Il Dulce
Benito Mussolini, known as "Il Duce," was the founder of the totalitarian form of government
known as Fascism. However that was not enough recognition; Mussolini wanted to demonstrate to
the world that he could be a successful ruler as well. Mussolini came to power and remained in
power primarily due to the actions of the Italian Blackshirts. As the Blackshirts maintained law and
order, terrorized political opponents, defended Italy, and marched on Rome, Mussolini successfully
ruled as dictator.
Controlled and led by Mussolini, the Italian Blackshirts also known as the Squadre d' Azione, were
made up of war veterans and young people led by ringleaders. The Blackshirt uniform consisted of a
green jacket and trouser with a black shirt and tie. The green colors were similar to that of the army
uniforms, but the black shirt and tie differentiated the Blackshirts from the other combat forces. The
Blackshirts were first created on March 23, 1919 and played a vital role in the rule of Mussolini.
Benito Mussolini's rise to power primarily relied on the Blackshirts' march on Rome. On October
24, 1922, Mussolini hosted a Fascist convention in Naples as the reason for the March on Rome.
There he declared, "Either the government will be given to us, or we will seize it by marching on
Rome." Mussolini's plan was to threaten to occupy the nation's capital of Rome with his forces, the
Blackshirts, and pressure King Victor Emmanuel III into inviting him into the government.

The Rise of Mussolini and Italian Fascism
In his exploration of 20th century fascism between the wars, Payne (1995) described Mussolini as
the most liberal of the totalitarian personalities that dominated that period. Perhaps this was a
vestige of his earlier involvement with revolutionary socialism, or a reflection from his early years.
Yet, the fact remains that Mussolini, along with Hitler, was an architect of fascism and of the
policies that led to World War II. The intention in the following pages is to explore Mussolini 's rise
to power, including his childhood and youthful political development.
Benito Mussolini was born in July of 1883 in Varana di Costa, a village in the Commune of
Predappio in Romagna. According to Ivone Kirkpatrick (1964), Romagna, at that time, was a ...
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He indicated that Mussolini did not care that the people love him, but that they notice him.
Mussolini believed that it was actually more profitable to him for people to fear him than to love
him. Ultimately it brought him more power.
This desire for power and attention helps to explain the ongoing political changes that characterize
Mussolini 's early political career. Although he began as a Socialist and rose to prominence in that
party by 1912, he abandoned it by 1914. As a Socialist, he had advocated violent revolution, rather
than the gradual, evolutionary approach favored by many in the party. His writing and speaking
ability helped gain him power in the party and the editorship of Avanti. This was the official
Socialist newspaper (Payne, 1995).
At the age of 29, then, Mussolini had obtained quite a bit of attention and power. He controlled the
press of the Socialist party and was an acknowledged leader of its revolutionary, and leading,
faction. Nonetheless, this was not satisfactory. He was dissatisfied with the pace of change within
the country and felt that the Socialist party was inadequate to the challenges of the times. James
Gregor (1979) noted that Mussolini was basically an authoritarian Socialist who shared much in
common with Lenin, who actually endorsed Mussolini 's success in 1912. Gregor indicated that both
opposed bourgeois parliamentarianism,

The Softer Side of Resistance
The Softer Side of Resistance
Early Twentieth Century Italy, like the early Twentieth Century in the United States, was a time of
promise for women's progress. The issues forming the women's rights platform seem basic and,
especially because of our current placement in history, not too radical: the right to divorce,
educational and employment rights, and perhaps most extreme, voting rights. In the early years of
the Twentieth Century (although processes there were different from our concepts of democratic
voting), some of these issues had even been brought to the ballot (Pickering–Iazza, Mothers, p.38).
And contrary to popular perception, during the early years of Mussolini's rule (which lasted from
1922–1943), public support for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
42). True to its totalitarian character, this plan brought the state even further into the peoples' private
lives. The Fascist government went as far as passing into law a bachelor tax. All eligible men aged
twenty–six to sixty–five paid exorbitant taxes if they chose to stay single (De Grazia, p.69). The
party outlawed birth control, held national childbearing contests, created monetary incentives for
having at least seven children, and campaigned for a revision of beauty standards (De Grazia, ch.
3,4). Pursuing a goal that would mean more confining gender roles, for women and men alike,
Mussolini went all out to get his way.
In accordance with these ideals of womanhood, Mussolini saw to it that women's education was
tailored to their future roles as mothers and keepers of the house. Now, if wealthy enough to be in
school, women were taught, even at the university level, how to keep a home (Pickering–Iazzi,
Mothers p. 34).
Mussolini also eliminated the most public display of women's potential political power, the right to
vote. One would assume that from the outset of his rule, the Duce would strongly oppose this form
of liberation for women. But his position wavered on this issue as much as it did in several other
areas. In 1919, he answered in an interview: "I am a supporter of

Flux And Fascism
Pirandellan Flux and Fascism In 1935 – the year before he died – the great Italian playwright Luigi
Pirandello donated all of the gold in his possession to the fascist government in support of the
Ethiopian campaign. Included in this collection was his 1934 Noble Prize medal (cite). He had been
a member of the fascist party since 1924. He had joined shortly after the murder by fascist agents of
a socialist deputy named Giacomo Matteotti (Argenteri, 129). Many intellectuals had left the party
thereafter, disgusted with the violent tactics of the budding fascist regime. Attempts have been made
– starting with Gaspare Guidice's 1963 biography – to separate Pirandello's work from his politics.
But is it possible that an author's work can be completely ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Zeev Sternhell, have proposed the origins of fascism as a cultural or intellectual movement
beginning in early 20th century France and Italy (cite). Does Pirandello's claim of partial intellectual
ownership give creed to this theory? Certainly his flirtation with and later marriage (a metaphor
used by Letizia Argenteri in her paper Pirandello and Fascism) to fascism seems to be more of an
ideological than political affair. His early identification of Mussolini with his central philosophy of
life and form justified his dedication to the strong leader, though he'd later disparage the distinctly
fascist cult of personality. "Around him," Pirandello complains to Marta Abba, "there must be a
level of heads that can barely reach his knee, not one inch more" (Argenteri 134). We also see
Pirandello speak – through a drunken character in one of his earlier novels – on his distrust in
democracy in relation to the dictator. Democracy, after all, had failed to prevent the Great War
which had so affected the Italian consciousness. Perhaps the Italians would do better under a united
regime. "When you have one boss, he knows that it's his job to satisfy many people; but when
everybody has a say in running things, everybody thinks of satisfying himself" (Late Mattia Pascal).
Another interpretation of Six Characters presents the

Discuss The Pros And Cons Of Fascism
Fascism refers to the philosophy of having a dictator rule the country, with the dictator having full
power over the people and having the ability to suppress those who oppose and criticize him. It also
refers to a government that follows the principles of the fascism philosophy. Fascists do not believe
in liberal democracy; rather, they prioritize totalitarianism and military citizenship to help the
country prepare for armed conflict and economic struggles.
The word "fascism" comes from the Italian word "fascismo". This, in turn, is derived from the word
"fascio", which means "a bundle of rods" and refers to the fact that a bundle of rods is more difficult
to break than a single rod. The term "fasci" is derived from this word and is used ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It paves the way to the abuse of power.
Fascism hands over the control of the entire nation to one person. This can be dangerous since, no
matter how well–intentioned a person can be, human nature can still take over and cause him to feel
entitled and superior to everybody. His inherent desire for power and his ability to have it without
question can push him to use his position to do things for his own benefit and not for the nation's.
What's even worse is that it's not only the dictator who will abuse power. His family, his close
friends, and his political allies can also abuse their position to fill their coffers and get what they
want.
2. It prevents people from enjoying free speech.
As mentioned above, fascism does not tolerate criticism and opposition. Those who do criticize and
openly oppose the dictator can be imprisoned or, worse, sentenced to death. At this point, human
rights are no longer a priority and, since the entire country is under the control of the dictator, he can
do whatever he wants with those who do not support him. This can leave ordinary people afraid to
practice free speech and express their feelings and opinions, since doing so can result to their
incarceration or

Causes in the Rise of Italian Fascism: 1870 to 1922 Essay
1. Introduction 1870 is a year to remember in Italian history: indeed, on 20 September 1870, the
Italian army marched into Rome and captured the city, completing the unification process begun by
Garibaldi and his Thousand in Sicily ten years earlier, in 1860. Obviously, the newly united Italian
state was greeted with much celebration. Unfortunately, it was also only a start. In truth,
fundamental problems still plagued the country and had to be addressed if complete hegemony was
to be achieved: firstly, the new Kingdom of Italy suffered from extreme backwardness and secondly,
it was still deeply divided. The new Italy was split between north and south, between cities and
countryside, between regions, between cities and localities, ... Show more content on
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Predictably, the most advanced farming was found in the North. In the South, the deforestation of
the last century had all but drained the soil of its fertility, and share–croppers living below the Rome
level had difficulty providing themselves with even the bare necessities. Most of all, the system was
not conducive to change: the mass of people were too poor to invest in their own lands and
landlords had no incentive to provide it. The further South one looked, the bleaker the picture
became: there, landless labourers were at the mercy of the whims of landowners without scruples.
Most of these peasants lived in mud huts with their own animals, and ate a diet consisting mainly of
poor bread and polenta. In the towns, conditions were not much better. Most people were either
labourers or artisans. The Industrial revolution had yet to reach Italy, and the country was far behind
others in Europe. As with almost everything else, the North was more advanced than the South in
terms of industries. Furthermore, the social structure was inevitably very traditional and
conservative. It was patriarchal in nature, with women playing a secondary role in everyday life,
even though by 1876 60% of them were involved in the labour market. Grandly hovering above the
overall squalor and desolation of the country were the privileged classes of the new kingdom, who
lived like parasites off the land and the people. The tendency was for them to take as much as they
could

What Led the Germans and Italians towards Nazism and Fascism
Before the first world war the model of Government that had been adopted by the European
countries, with the exception of Russia, was that of liberal democracy. In some countries the system
worked poorly and in others the evolution towards this form of Government was not yet complete,
but the trend at all was a competition of political parties, with representatives elected democratically
and the Executive power in the hands of a responsible Ministry before Parliament. "This means on
the one hand, that the State is, by definition, totalitarian, physical and spiritual, of the individual
destinations and the activities of the society. On the other hand, in the period between the two world
wars, many countries were falling into the hands of totalitarian dictatorships. These regimes
received different names: in Russia was communism, in national–socialist Germany and Italy,
fascism, and although in each place had its own characteristics, participated in numerous common
aspects: head of Government was a dictator whose will was absolute, only a political party was
tolerated, and although generally still existing representative bodies in the Government, posts were
covered by the party addicts or stalwarts of the dictator. Franco was a general African, had trained in
the wars in Africa. he was very Catholic, reaching the point of confusion to the Catholicism and the
homeland. Their national values were the hierarchy, order, and discipline, which could only impose
with the army. The

Fascism Defined in the Context of Mussolini's Italy and...
Because fascism has been practiced in a variety of locations, at differing points in history, with no
specific guidelines, every seemingly practical definition of fascism is simply too limiting to serve as
a proper definition. Furthermore, to speak of fascism in generalizations prohibits one from truly
understanding the completely confused concept. To avoid such generalizations, one must look at
fascism as it was found in specific examples. Such examples include, Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's
Germany. Although these two instances are not all encompassing of the ideology, they exhibit
fascism to the greatest proportions. Additionally, these instances allow one to get a vivid and
practical notion to what fascism truly is. At the end of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the fascist party on the decline, theologian Giovanni Gentile asserted the last form of the
Italian fascist theory that served as the fourth phase of Italian fascism. In this new theory the state is
once again the supreme body. "The state is the culmination of all human endeavors. It is the final
resting place of all that man has created. The state knows, sees, participates in, profits by all that
man does. Man is because the state is. Man lives because he has the state wherein to live. Without
the state man is nothing, can become nothing" (Whisker). However, by the time Gentile had
published his form of fascism, the ideology itself was obsolete. The fascist party ultimately
crumbled around Mussolini as he spent his short return to power pursuing his opposition. In this
Italian form of fascism, a few of Dr. Lawrence Britt's defining characteristics of fascism are evident.
Britt asserts the following are common of fascist regimes: "controlled mass media", "religion and
government are intertwined", and "rampant cronyism and corruption". Italian fascism saw numerous
anti–fascist newspapers suppressed, and/or editors of such papers replaced with fascist supporters.
Furthermore, Mussolini saw that his Catholic practices were brought to the masses through
'legislation'. Mussolini passed laws

Italian And German Fascism Comparison
"Compare and contrast Italian and German fascism in the interwar years."
While both Italian and German fascism in the interwar years were very similar, they were ultimately
more different due to their political ideologies, foreign policies and the structure of their respective
parties. Fascism, while not having a concrete definition can be defined by multiple attributes.
Fascism usually consist of a ultra right wing, oppressive and authoritarian government that places a
heavy emphasis on national identity. As such, fascist governments promote violence and the
expansion through wars with the intent of imperialism.
Italy was the birthplace of fascism, as Benito Mussolini headed the Republican Fascist Party. Under
Mussolini, Italian fascism was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While much of my previous knowledge of country ideology has been through historians such as
Weinberg and Overy and Finaldi, I have found that the most helpful way to learn about the ideology
and goals of different countries is through the use of speeches from different political leaders at the
time. While the historian's point of view helps to summarize the speeches in their entirety, the
speeches from the leaders allows for personal interpretation based upon the language and the events
that precede it. While I have found speeches to be helpful, the limitations must still be thought of.
First, many of the speeches are originally given in foreign languages, where translations are needed.
These translations could change the meaning of some themes and could hinder one's ability to
understand the magnitude to the language that is used in its original form. It can also be limited
because much propaganda was used at the time. The speeches mostly being given to the entire
country leave much room for the leader to use propaganda for the country to believe in his beliefs,
rather that what the leader may be saying to his cabinet. While there is a wide range of ways to find
information, it is also hard to look at secondary sources, because while they make different
arguments, the arguments are based off of facts, that could be interpreted in many different

Benito Mussolini Research Paper
After being appointed as Prime Minister by the King in 1922, Mussolini needed to establish himself
as a leader and continuously fought to assert his power. Specifically, this was achieved through
coercion and intimidation, utilisation of mass media and popular support. Mussolini's dictatorship
was based around the principles of Fascism, a political philosophy and system of government which
strongly relies on nationalistic policies. Fascism was a concept developed by Mussolini as a radical
third way between communism and democracy. Mussolini's consolidation and maintenance of
power was needed due to the spread of terror, monopolisation of media through the use of increased
propaganda and his charisma.
Mussolini used a coercive process and intimidation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through various alliances and relationships, Mussolini exploited both Italians, and his international
relationships. Mussolini's first priority in office was the establishment of foreign policy, as his
intentions were to bring Italy back to the forefront the European diplomacy. According to Lee, the
main goal of Mussolini's foreign policy was to transcend state focus by reestablishing the Roman
Empire (Lee, 2008, p.158). Mussolini made in clear in his 1922 speech to the Chamber of Deputies
that "the twentieth century will be a century of Italian power". After the 1919 Paris Peace
Conference, Italy was left with a strong sense of disillusionment as they were not given an equal
shared of Balkan territory. Thus, the key objectives of the foreign policy was to control the
Mediterranean Sea, and acquire territory in both Africa and the Balkan region. Overall, foreign
policy promoted nationalism in achieving territorial conquest and expansion and aimed at autarky
through an expansionist foreign policy. Colonization, and the conquest of other cultures showed to
Italian people the brawn of their nation and the path they were taking towards the reincarnation of
the Roman Empire. The ultra–nationalistic and militaristic ideologies of the foreign policy are direct
beliefs of the Fascist movement, which attracted an abundant percentage of the Italian population. In
addition to foreign policy, Mussolini arranged for three treaties to be signed by himself and the
pope, as part of a resolution to a long–term dispute between the Roman–Catholic Church and the
Italian state, which resulted in colossal political prestige, as Mussolini was credited for solving a
major crisis in Italian history. The treaty recognizes Vatican City as an independent state and Italy
accepted Roman Catholic faith as the state religion. Furthermore, religious studies were made

Analysis Of Italian Fascism By Elizabeth Wiskemann
Elizabeth Wiskemann contends that Italian fascism was not influential outside of Italy and that its
significance to the Franco regime was marginal. She is unequivocally clear that the Francoist
ideology that guided political developments in Spain for decades is fundamentally different from
classical fascist ideology.1 In addition, Wiskemann is very forthright in suggesting that Italian
fascism was a minor actor towards shaping political affairs in Spain by stating that any evidence to
the contrary is regarded by historians as being 'flimsy'.2 This particular book is useful not only
because it provides an interesting perspective on how fascism has developed, but also because the
text itself is very approachable and succinct. However, there are

Compare And Contrast Mussolini And Fascism
For the purpose of this assignment there will be an analysis provided, in addition to a comparing and
contrasting of the two selected sources, on the course of their utility, Mussolini on Fascism and The
Late Loyalists: Northern Reflections of the Early American Republic, the former being primary and
latter secondary. As such, it is best to provide a brief intent and purpose of each selection.
By its very nature, but yet despite its length, Mussolini on Fascism, or as its titled, What is Fascism,
is a critical resource that is needed for one to fully appreciate and to have a scope of knowledge for
the movement itself. For it may be regarded as one of the most useful documents pertaining to the
study and philosophy of fascism. However, be this as it may, it would be unwise to consider this
resource to be the authority of the entire ideology. The second resource, by Alan Taylor, The Late
Loyalists: Northern Reflections of the Early American Republic, is an article that presents and
examines the post–American Revolution landscape and political institutions of Upper Canada,
modern–day Ontario. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fascism itself rose in the wake of an Italian generation spent and proved by war, refusing to
continue political at least with anything relevant of the past. Though by the time this document had
been written, the fascists had already assumed power of the state, and had since 1922; lacking
however, was an overall and cohesive united identity to put a face on, or coherent ideology of the
movement itself. It was clear then that the National Fascist Party headed by Benito Mussolini could
not govern effectively and prove capable of without such a consensus that this document could

Essay on Fascism
What is Fascism?
Fascism is a 20th century form of nationalistic, militaristic, totalitarian dictatorship that seeks to
create a feasible society through strict regimentation of national and individual lives. Total
subordination to the service of the state and unquestioning loyalty to its leader would adjust
conflicting interests. It is a modern political ideology that looks to regenerate the social, economic,
and cultural life of a country by basing it on a heightened sense of national belonging of ethnic
identity. Fascism rejects liberal ideas of freedom and individual rights, it often presses for the
destruction of elections, legislatures and other elements of democracy. Despite fascism's idealistic
goals, attempts to build fascist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fascist movements set out to create a new type of total culture in which values; politics, art, social
norms and economic activity are all part of a single organic community. In this way fascism is
directly opposed to consevatism. The fascist movements in Italy and Germany also represented
attempts to create revolutionary new modern states. Even though fascist movements try to bring
about revolutionary change, they emphasis the revival of a mythical ethnic, racial or national past.
They revise conventional history to create a vision of an idealised past. The mythical histories claim
that former greatness has been destroyed by such developments as the mixing of races, the rise of
powerful buisness groups and a loss of a shared sense of the nation. A fascist movement always
asserts that the nation faces a profound crisis. The fascists present the national crisis as resolvable
only through a radical political transformation. They claim the nation has entered a dangerous age of
mediocrity, weakness and decline. They are convinced that through their timely action they can save
the nation from itself. Fascists promise that with their help the national crisis will end and a new age
will begin that restores the people to a sense of belonging, purpose and greatness. They believe that
the end result of a fascist revolution will be the emergence of a new man and woman. This

The Rise And Fall Of Italian Fascism
Introduction.
The rise and fall of Italian Fascism is important to the history of modern Italy because of its lasting
influence. It has shaped and affected many areas of Italian society, such as its economy, politics, and
social communication. Negative views toward the government and high levels of unemployment
preceding this time led to the rise in right–wing politics and Fascism has made lasting impacts on
the right–wing parties still in existence today. This literature review will discuss the rise and fall of
fascism in Italy through Adrian Lyttelton's The Seizure of Power; Fascism in Italy, 1919–1929, the
radical right wing as a consequence of fascism through Franco Farreresi's Threats to Democracy:
The Radical Right in Italy after the War, and the lasting impact of the fascist political era on
contemporary Italian society up until the late 1960's through Samuel Barnes' 1972 study on "The
Legacy of Fascism:" Generational Differences in Italian Political Attitudes and Behavior".
History. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were promised to receive certain territories across Europe, including territories from the
former German and Turkish empires, as well as the town of Fiume, which had an Italian–speaking
majority, which was awarded to then Yugoslavia. However, the results from the Paris Peace
Conference in 1919 did not yield the results the Italians wanted. Much of the blame for this went to
the liberal government that had been in power in Italy at the time. Other factors, such as high
unemployment rates, food shortages, and high inflation, due to the war and demobilizing Italian
soldiers, hit Italian citizens hard, particularly the middle class. The combination of national
discontent and labor unrest made it easy for the Fascist party to gain power in

Analysing the Factors That Prompted the Growth of Fascism...
Analysing the Factors That Prompted the Growth of Fascism in Italy by 1922
Fascism did not rise spontaneously nor was its growth prompted by one single event. Its roots grew
from actions of people and groups over many years and of course one unique man, Benito
Mussolini. Although Mussolini took power in 1922 the conditions allowing the germination of
Fascism came from the years around 1914. Mussolini was quick to sense any political opportunity
that came about over the following years.
The pre–war years were an insecure time in Italy. Although unification had taken place in 1870, no
real national identity existed. This was due to the individuality of region, since they had been
independently ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The government had also embarked upon a war with Abyssinia, where they suffered a humiliating
defeat at Adowa. Italy suffered 15,000 casualties and the war costs further put the country in debt.
The government took a huge blow by receiving opposition from the Church. The Pope told
Catholics not to participate the new state and priests helped to stir up unrest amongst the peasantry.
These were very insecure times for the new state. Already we can see how people might turn to a
radical solution in this bleak period. The government was left with an inferiority complex, which
would be further emphasised, along with other problems, during the war.
Italy's involvement in the war was an attempt by the government to solve the problem of terre
irredente and to unite the people. However, there was much debate over whether Italy should join
the war at all. The two camps were the neutralists and the interventionists. The government felt it
had no choice in the matter; it had to go to war. Its reasoning was based on the belief that a
victorious nation would look badly at Italy for not joining the war and they also wanted to be on the
winning nations side. They of course did not know who was going to win so they decided they
would join the side that offered them the best deal. Meetings with the Austrians

The Impact Of Fascism On Italy
The Italian tourism business in the modern times is appealing to those internationally and nationally
within the country. Before, during, and after the Fascism reign was when the policies that
organizations of today were being created and trying to be put in use for the betterment of the
economy and industry at the times. The nation's tourist structures functioned better and helped bring
the economy out of their hard times caused by the mistakes of Fascism. Italy had remained a poor
country during Fascism, destroying the progress after the First World War and eventually coming
out of it after Fascism with the knowledge of the need for international currency in the economy.
The economy and the people of Italy all were affected by the need and growth of tourism during the
rise and fall of the Fascist regime. The arrival of the First World War had a huge impact on the
tourism business of Italy and helped set the precedent for wartime industry policies. The war not
only "damaged tourism [but] fostered a re–evaluation and reconstruction of the tourist industry". It
was about territory and alliances, but what would a war that was more localized and based on one
nation's policies going to do to their main source of revenue at the moment? The use of propaganda
and the need for money for the war increased the tourism in Italy, causing there to be a huge influx
of tourists and causing the economists and statesmen and people in charge an increased urgency to
create a formal policy

Mussolini's Popular Advantage
Jimmy Thibodeau
12/21/14
Block 4
During his campaign for power, Benito Mussolini once stated "My objective is simple. I want to
make Italy great, respected and feared." This phrase is commonly attributed to Mussolini because he
was known to have the set mentality of superiority, and would stop at nothing to restore Italy to its
prestigious position; as it held during the Renaissance period and the ancient Roman Empire. The
ancient Roman Empire was a success on many levels, making Italy a central power of the Earth.
Italy is also famous for The Renaissance period and it's totally new take on the arts. These
achievements soon faded away, though, and countries such as Britain and the United ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Support for Fascism skyrocketed after the events at Versailles unfolded and Orlando proved to be an
incompetent leader. For centuries, Rome had been the most feared empire on the planet. Their army
was mammoth and they had seemingly endless tactics. Along with the strategies of the army came
their bounty of resources as a result of their prime European location. They were the powerhouse of
the world. They were unstoppable. The Renaissance, a time of emerging art styles and forms,
originated from northern Italy. Everyone across Europe participated in the arts craze. Aspiring
painters, sculptors, and architects came to Italy to study artists' work and then brought what they
learned back to their home countries. The years after the Renaissance were not Italy's best, as
England and the United States consistently beat out Italy in rankings of influence. Under Orlando's
command, there were no exceptions to this. Yet, the promise Benito Mussolini provided to the
people acted as a glimmer of hope; which was exactly what they

Italian Fascism Causes
The stage is set for act two of WW 2, others call this the good war started in September of the year
1939. When, Britain and France declared war on Germany because they heard news of Germany
invading of Poland. The United States however didn't have any beef with any other countries until
later on when Japan decided to bomb Pearl Harbor. Which brought the U.S. out of the shadows and
into the next act, declaring war onto the Japanese.
There were many causes of the Second World War but, of all of them two stood out the most. Italian
fascism (A political system headed by a dictator in which the government controls business and
labor) was found in the 1900, Japans militarism, Germanys invasions to other corners of the world.
Including the political ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since, we distributed weaponry and war supplies for them when they needed it most. Then, as time
would have it America gave troops to them and joined with other countries to defeat them and other
country–wide threats. During this convergence America brought General Dwight D Eisenhower to
the field and he led armies over the beaches of Normandy, France on June 6th 1944. This day was
known as D–day, the battle was tough however, by night the allied troops took back eighty miles of
the French coast from Nazis. Although the Nazis suddenly started counterattacking our forces we
managed to managed to spring back they're attack back at them and pushing the Germans back.
Another example would be the battle of mid–way where The U.S. Navy defeated a Japanese attack
against Midway–Island. This marked a turning point in the war in the Pacific theatre as well as the
event of Island Hopping which, was a phrase given to the strategy employed by the United States to
gain military bases and secure the islands in the Pacific. The attack led by General Douglas
MacArthur targeted islands that were not as strongly defended by the Japanese taking control of
them. They constructed landing strips/small military bases to move closer to Japan, took control of
many of the surrounding islands to double the defense and

Essay on Italian and German Fascism: Similarities and...
In the 20th century there were a lot of rises and falls of many types of government. In some cases,
two "world wars" influenced these events and multiple changes arose in power. The First World War
gave way to such styles of rule as Fascism and Nazism. Very often these two ideologies are
conflated as the same thing. However, while there are similarities between these concepts, a lot of
differences also exist, that need to be mentioned. In order to understand these two movements, one
should get to know the meaning of these terms. Such political ideology as Fascism is used in
reference to the style of ruling that arose in Italy after The First World War and was represented by
Benito Mussolini. And Nazism is embodied by the man who might be a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This pushed up Hitler to start his ideas of new political policies called Nazism. Main points of this
policy was to demanded more land, expand anti–semitism, and to make Germany become a super
nation. Hitler used political propaganda to fuel their cause against the enemy. One of propaganda's
methods was the radio. That is kind of demagogism, the people knew nothing about the truth, but
lies. Hitler's Nazi were also against the Jews, use them as scapegoat. Jews were cheated extremely
rude. About economic, Hitler's Nazi could help their people out of the crisis, all economic activities
devoted to the nation and the enlargement of the army. Role of women was not be respected, under
Nazism, women have only role to take care of children and support their husband to serve the state.
No place for women in any important field like political or economic.
About Italy, Mussolini's fascism was the only policy which have freedom, all others were
extinguished. All people who against the new policy was killed or exiled. Though parliament still
met, all the important decisions were done by Fascism party, all followed what the dictator
Mussolini told. Local power replaced by the mandarins appointed from Rome. Local fascists always
had the same power as the government officials. No freedom of press in Italy that time, all the press,
radio, movies, theatre were censorship strictly. All anti–fascism editors were replaced by fascist
supporters.

Benito Mussolini Fatal Fascist Empire Essay
Mistrust in Mussolini's Fatal Fascist Empire
After the Italian unification (1858–1870) and World War One (1914–1918) Italy craved the great
power reputation that other European nations had. Italy was in complete disarray: unemployment,
peasant rebellions, and political tension; the one thing Italians agreed on was their need for a new
government. Benito Mussolini (1883–1945), or 'Il Duce,' was originally a poor revolutionary boy
who rose through the ranks, creating a totalitarian government. After the March to Rome (October
1922), Mussolini was called by the king to discuss his ideas for a new government, one Mussolini
called Fascism. This somewhat new form of secular government supported extreme nationalism
while it strictly disencouraged democracy and voice of opinion. As an Italian, one had to
unconsciously give up natural rights in order to be protected by the state. Mussolini was infatuated
with ideas of Italy becoming a new Roman Empire; he gained support by promising Italians that
they would be powerful like their ancestors. Although Fascism and Mussolini's ideals may have
seemed favorable for Italy, his inability to successfully change Italy's problems led him to cover the
truth with propaganda, which ultimately could not save him from his demise. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1925 Mussolini administered 'La Battaglia del Grano' or 'The Battle for Wheat', an economic
policy stating Italy would only import grain with extremely high tariffs, while growing mass
amounts of wheat themselves (Cohen 70). Unfortunately this also meant the price of bread had to be
raised substantially high, which inevitably would not please Mussolini's people (Economic Policy,
Britannica). The need for propaganda around grain rose because Mussolini needed people to
continue supporting him and Fascism, even though bread was more expensive and people had to
give large portions of their grain to the

What Are The Positive Effects Of Fascism In Society
Fascism was a movement from 1922 to 1943 founded by Benito Mussolini, aimed boost Italy's
prestige and enable the "spiritual existence of man". (Sources 1 & 2). Italian fascism initially
positively benefited Italy society in 1922 however, it quickly evolved into a brutally violent and
totalitarian dictatorship that continued to negatively impact the Italian society and influence other
European dictators until 1943. This essay will explore the positive outcomes of fascism and how
fascism severely impacted Italian society through fascist violence, propaganda.
The utilization of fascist violence had a detrimentally negative impact on Italian society. In Milan
1922, Benito Mussolini formed the Fascist Party with dissatisfied WWI soldiers and middle–class ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mussolini's dictatorship initiated from chaos for Italy due to the social tensions between political
parties and his fascist dictatorship initially produced positive outcomes for the Italians. Mussolini
was efficient and successful in modernizing and uniting Italy. He reduced dissatisfaction and
extreme violence within Italian society. Productivity booming, and Italy was united to its former
glory. However, anti–fascists believed that he "secured law and order at the expense of freedom",
"That Mussolini influenced Europe, but he mislead his people". (Source 2). A letter written by an
Italian citizen, Gerda Hellberg Catelli, in Rome is effective in providing a demonstration of the
perspective of an initial pro–fascist. "Bless Mussolini who swept away the clique of rotten and
selfish and incompetent politicians!... A marvelous movement that was a revolution." The reliability
of this source is confirmed through the credibility of the newspaper, Grand Forks Herald, a daily
United States broadsheet newspaper, while the accuracy of the source is ensured through the sources
effective corroboration. (Source 4). Initially Italian fascism had very positive outcomes on Italian

Benito Mussolini was obsessed with Rome. He is the one who created the fascist movement in Italy
in 1919. He then turned this movement into a legitimate party called the Fascist Party. By doing this
he gained more credit and obtained more followers and supporters. Fascism is this overwhelming
idea of patriotism throughout a country. Italy had been going through a stage where many of its
people were focused on materialistic things and not on the pure Italian culture. Mussolini changed
Italy for the better at first, but then he twisted the idea of fascism into something it's not.
Mussolini became Prime Minister of Italy at the age of 39, the youngest in Italian history. This idea
of fascism was "new, fresh and energetic" and that was a main reason ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Little did Italians know, Mussolini had been taking some of his tips for running the government
from Adolf Hitler. The idea of fascism turned into nazism because instead of focusing on traditions
and Italian culture, Mussolini began focusing on if things were manly enough. He changed the
vocabulary of some words because they were considered unmanly. He made racial rules and banned
Italian Jews from doing normal Italian things. He even forced people to salute the way the Germans
did when Hitler arrived. He was turning Fascist Italy into a Communist Italy.
Mussolini was all talk and no action. He wanted his people to want to die for their country. If you
were not willing to go to war to defend what your country stands for, then you were not considered
an Italian. But when WWII came around, none of his troops were prepared. They did not have
enough weapons or people. No one was trained and they had no aircrafts. Needless to say, Italy was
destroyed in WWII because of Mussolini. After this he was taken out of office and executed. He was
hung in a courtyard in front of the public of Milan. Italians to this day are ashamed that they ever
were followers of

Italian Fascism Research Paper
The conclusion of World War I and the subsequent negotiation of the Treaty of Versailles set the
stage for Italian Fascism to rise. Despite being a member of the victorious Allies, sacrificing over
650,000 Italian lives in the war effort, Italy was nonetheless awarded very little in the Treaty of
Versailles. In addition to the high cost paid in human lives, Italy was also left with a sizable debt as
a result of the war. But, perhaps most important, however, to understanding the rise of Italian
Fascism was the return of the disenchanted WWI veterans who would later become the perpetrators
of the political violence in advance of the Fascist cause. Many of the Italian veterans bemoaned the
lack of patriotism within Italy, blaming the Italian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By targeting a providence that was a socialist stronghold and destroying the infrastructure of the
Socialists, they were able to send a clear message of intimidation. Further, their targeting of entire
provinces, without regard for the political ideology of its citizens further contributed to the
effectiveness of there terrorism campaign as it suggested that even mere association with the
Fascists' politically enemies would have

Benito Mussolini, What Is Fascism
Benito Mussolini, What is Fascism?
Italy faced serious postwar economic problems which became known as "The Two Red Years". It
faced inflation problems due to government printing money to pay for weapons, workers on strike,
arms and shipbuilders became bankrupt due to lack of government order, and unemployment rose to
two million as returning soldiers searched for work. Benito Mussolini, upon being removed from the
Socialist Party for advocating Italy 's participation in battle, organized the Fascist Party following
the war. He gained followers among war veterans and the middle class by exploiting their fears of
unemployment, chaos, communism, and a political domination by lower classes. The Russian
Revolution, the collapse of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mussolini also states that "happiness is a myth", an unobtainable goal. Fascism is for the purpose of
observing and developing humanity and "believes neither in the possibility nor in the utility of
perpetual peace." Fascism is the philosophy of government that glorifies the state and nation and
assigns control to the state. Mussolini believes that "the foundation of Fascism is the conception of
the State, its character, its duty, and its aim." While the state is responsible for organizing the nation,
there is a sufficient amount of liberty for the individual. Under Fascism, an Empire is able to lead
other nations without conquering them. It resembles Social Darwinism closely. The idea of the
survival of the fittest means that the strong nation comes out ahead, and Mussolini promises to
become the strongest. With a strong dictatorial leader, wants can be achieved through obtaining
strong military and brute force alone. It promoted masculine heroism, militarism, and discipline.
Enormous amounts of money were dedicated to military, and to serve in the military was an honor.
It proved successful in the

Italian Fascism: Economic Success or Social Failure
Italian Fascism:
Economic Success or Social Failure
Italian Fascism:
Economic Success or Social Failure
Benito Mussolini's development of the National Fascist Party in 1919 (H, 2010) provided great hope
for a suffering nation of Italian people. Although Fascism grew quickly with an optimism of ending
great economic and social turmoil, Mussolini's Fascist ideologies eventually lead to an isolated
nation. By further exploring the history of Benito Mussolini and his radical Fascist ideologies, it is
easy to comprehend the attraction of such a concept, especially during times of immense suffrage.
One factor not taken into consideration is an inherent fundamental human principle; a person's
aspiration for individual freedom and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This belief attempts to have the individual understand that as a group they are more stalwart than
that of an individual person. The philosophy may ring true when one takes into account the
individuals rights of self. But, as history has shown, Mussolini's ideal of Fascism relates, that a state
cannot be ruled by the consultation of a majority of individuals as there is a basic inequality
amongst mankind. (Mussolini, 1932) In contrast, the Fascist State is the majority, believing that they
alone retain the best interests of their nation's success and prosperity.
The dogmas represented within the Fascist convictions are essentially erroneous! Without the say so
of the people, a government has a totalitarian reign over the people. It goes back to the concept that
as human's we desire the right for self fulfillment and self rule. When an individual is not allowed to
contribute to the determinations within their own government they become estranged and less
willing to fight for the ideals being enforced upon them. In combination with their international

Benito Mussolini Fascism Research Paper
Totalitarianism refers to a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires
complete subservience to the state. Despite the common association between fascism and
totalitarianism, and attempts by the Italian state to implement fascism in theory, in practice Italian
fascism did not show the signs required of a totalitarian state.
Certainly, Italian fascism in theory fully embraced the theory of totalitarian government. In Benito
Mussolini's "Doctrine of Fascism", written in the Encyclopedia Italiana in 1932, he writes of how
"Fascism conceives of the state as an absolute, in comparison with which all individuals or groups
are relative"(YB). He brought in the concepts of national solidarity and the idea of state
management of economic affairs, through his introduction of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The first reason for this was the existence of power structures outside of the state, two of which are
of critical importance – the church and the monarchy. The Roman Catholic Church, which many
Italians considered to be of higher importance than the state, is one of the primary counterpoints to
Italian totalitarianism. By recognizing the independence and sovereignty of the church in the
Lateran accords of 1929(T), Mussolini's government implicitly acknowledges a spiritual authority
outside of the state, undercutting the ideal of a population that is completely subservient to the state.
The monarchy served as another check on the power of the Italian government, as demonstrated by
the 1943 coup against Mussolini, in which the monarchy played a decisive role in deposing the
fascist government (T). With the monarchy and other institutions outside of the control of the
Fascist party, the Italian government was never truly totalitarian – by retaining a constitutional
check to the power of the Fascist leader, totalitarian government was never truly

The Importance of the Economic Factors in the Rise to...
The Importance of the Economic Factors in the Rise to Power of the Fascist Party in Italy
Fascism came on the heels of a war that economically and physically crippled Italy. In an attempt to
regain control, Italian general and dictator, Benito Mussolini created a political party that rivalled
the Socialist party. Fascism was an extremely harsh dictatorship type of power that left many people
a victim of its cruelty. This essay will explore whether the rise of fascism was due to the economic
breakdown in the country at that time, or was that fascism was simply so popular at that time that
nothing would have stopped it? Was it the threat of bolshevism driving people towards fascism in an
attempt to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The problem of unemployment was aggravated by the return of millions of ex–soldiers to Italy and a
new immigration law of the U.S. government, which restricted entry of immigrants. Moreover,
runaway inflation added to the sufferings of the Italians. The lira had only one–fifth of its pre–war
value. Encouraged by the success of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, the unemployed workers
and peasants stirred up riots and strikes throughout the country. At that time the government was
incompetent. It failed to take control of the conditions in the country. Gradually the nationalists
grouped together to emerge as the fascist party. According to Ketelby, author of the book 'History of
modern time Europe,'
" It was the urgent need of a strong unifying force that formed the background for the rise of fascism
in Italy."
These political crises may have pushed the leaders of Italy into supporting fascism. The people were
restless they wished for an effective government. Many were turning to socialism, others to fascism.
The King and aristocracy may not have supported fascism but seen it as the lesser evil compared to
the 'red menace.' Economic factors such as the high unemployment figures and the inflation pushed
the people away from the weak government and

Essay On Mussolini
Mussolini came to power during World War 2 at a time when Italy was facing a lot of problems. He
was earlier a revolutionary socialist who wanted change in Italy as she had lost a lot of territory
during the war. Mussolini was the leading person in the Fascist party and later in 1922, he was
invited by the monarchy to became the Prime Minister of Italy. Mussolini was a right wing and
totalitarian leader, acquiring a strict control on every aspect of the public's life. (History.com , 1996)
Fascism is a form of government where the state has sovereign power and a strong person is
heading the police and army. It is a system where if you don't obey, you get punished. Mussolini
was the first leader to introduce this system. Mussolini's rise to power ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
To compensate, Mussolini improved the domestic industry and protected the worker's rights by
providing them with maternity and old age benefits. Moreover, he provided Italy with hydro, roads
and train system that reduce the impact. (Fascism) 'Dopolavour' was a leisure programme
introduced to get the people's minds off the hardships. Mussolini controlled the two level committee
that consisted of Italian Olympic teams and other professional players. When it comes to religion,
Mussolini had kept good ties with the Catholic Church. The pope and Mussolini helped each other.
The "Latent Pact", that the secretary of state signed with Mussolini, gave the church 750 million
Liras and other privileges, like Catechism and compulsory church hours at every academic institute.
As a result of this, the church named Mussolini, 'defender of peace' He made Catholicism the
official religion of Italy and banned contraceptives and divorce. But towards the end, both the
Catholic activists and Mussolini worsened their relations in greed of control. (Daily life under
Mussolini). Mussolini setup seven youth organisations known as 'ONB'. 'Gioventu Universiti
Fascista' was a university built on Fascist ideas and all students were expected to attend it. He
wanted to brainwash the youth in a way that they only followed the Fascist policy, hence serving to
ensure his ideology was furthered in future of Italy. Mussolini

The Duration And Outcome Of World War I
The duration and outcome of World War I produced various economic and social issues for Italy.
Prior to the war, Italy already had a weak economy, and the demands of the war only increased the
magnitude of their problems. Italy still relied heavily on agriculture, and their farms could not
produce to their potential because the majority of farmers were forced to leave their homes to fight
in the war. Underproduction and inflation became very significant in Italy's economy ("World War
I", 2009). Social tension was also very prominent after the war because citizens felt they had lost
their sense of pride and were unhappy with how their government leaders handled the war. In
addition, Klaus Rosmanitz (n.d.) stated, "Many people were ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Benito Mussolini returned to Italy claiming to "bring back Italy's pride and make Italy a well–
respected state again" ("Fascism," n.d.). Mussolini wanted to solve Italy's economic issues as well
and pushed for a strong, national leader that could unite the people. Mussolini's ideas appealed to
Italian citizens because Mussolini wanted to solve, or at least claimed to, all the problems they were
facing at the time. Mussolini began "delivering emotional speeches" in attempt to increase
supporters, and in 1919, Mussolini established the first fascist regime in Italy (Martz, 2010). The
Fascist Party gained a lot of attention and support because they blamed the unfair outcome of the
war on the current, weak Italian democracy (Pollard, 2004, p. 29). Citizens easily put the blame on
the liberal politicians and sought refuge from the opposing right wing political groups. Italy was
very susceptible to Mussolini's Fascist rule and ideologies because Italy was desperate for a change
and solution to their instability. Martz (2010) states that Benito Mussolini's charisma was a major
contributor in establishing his support base and "a powerful fascist state." Mussolini began to
promote the idea that the "common will" of the people came before the will of the individual.
Mussolini ensured that the citizens' sacrifice and devotion to Italy was the only way to achieve true
stability and unity (Martz, 2010). Mussolini's charisma allowed him to easily

The Diffusion Of The Italian Identity

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The Diffusion Of The Italian Identity