The Different Types of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder
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The document discusses the different types of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD). There are six types that fall into two categories - intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic disorders involve neurological causes and include delayed sleep phase syndrome, advanced sleep phase syndrome, non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome, and irregular sleep-wake disorder. Extrinsic disorders are due to social or environmental factors and include shift-work sleep disorder and jet lag. CRSDs occur when there is an abnormality in a person's natural sleep-wake cycle and can lead to psychological and functional difficulties if not properly diagnosed and treated.
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Jetlag & shift work
Jetlag is a temporary disorder caused by traveling across multiple time zones that results in the body's circadian rhythms being out of sync with the destination time. Symptoms include sleepiness, fatigue, headache, and memory loss. Both jetlag and shift work, where one works alternating day and night shifts, can disrupt biological rhythms and cause health issues like depression, sleepiness, and lack of mental alertness. To cure jetlag and shift work disorder, one should get deep sleep, do yoga, exercise, consume caffeine to stay alert during shifts, and make sure to entrain circadian rhythms through light exposure and a regular schedule.
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Circadian rhythm disorders involve problems with the timing of sleep and wakefulness caused by issues with the body's master circadian clock located in the brain. One type is an extrinsic circadian rhythm disorder called shift work disorder which affects those who work night shifts.
Biological and Circardial Rhythyms
1) Circadian rhythms are physical and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle in response to light and darkness. They are regulated by the brain's master clock located in the hypothalamus.
2) Biological clocks control circadian rhythms endogenously but are entrained to the 24 hour light/dark cycle by external cues called zeitgebers, mainly light.
3) Circadian rhythm disorders occur when an individual's sleep-wake cycle is not aligned with environmental cues, leading to insomnia or excessive sleepiness. They include delayed sleep phase, advanced sleep phase, and jet lag.
Circadian rhythm
Circadian rhythms are biological processes that display an endogenous cycle of approximately 24 hours. They are influenced by external cues like light and regulated by the brain's circadian pacemaker. Common circadian rhythms include the sleep-wake cycle and fluctuations in body temperature and hormone levels. Disruptions to circadian rhythms can result in circadian rhythm disorders like delayed sleep phase syndrome or jet lag. Nurses play a role in assessing patients' circadian rhythms, providing sleep hygiene advice, and referring patients to specialists when needed.
How Sleeping Disorders impact on Health?
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This document discusses sleep patterns and sleep disturbances. It begins by defining sleep and describing the sleep-wake cycle which is regulated by circadian rhythms. It then outlines the stages of sleep including non-REM and REM sleep. Key factors that affect sleep like age, illness, lifestyle and environment are mentioned. Common sleep disorders are introduced including insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and parasomnias. Assessment methods like questionnaires, sleep diaries and polysomnography are covered. Nursing management strategies to promote better sleep are provided. Research evidence on sleep enhancement interventions for hospitalized patients is briefly summarized.
sleep disturbance and its patterns
This document discusses sleep disturbances and patterns. It begins with objectives of gaining knowledge about sleep disturbances, patterns, and their application in patient care. It then covers definitions of sleep, sleep facts, sleep patterns in different age groups, sleep physiology including stages of sleep and sleep regulation. Factors affecting sleep and consequences of sleep deprivation are explained. Common sleep disorders like insomnia are described along with international classification of sleep disorders and their management.
Recommended
Jetlag & shift work
Jetlag is a temporary disorder caused by traveling across multiple time zones that results in the body's circadian rhythms being out of sync with the destination time. Symptoms include sleepiness, fatigue, headache, and memory loss. Both jetlag and shift work, where one works alternating day and night shifts, can disrupt biological rhythms and cause health issues like depression, sleepiness, and lack of mental alertness. To cure jetlag and shift work disorder, one should get deep sleep, do yoga, exercise, consume caffeine to stay alert during shifts, and make sure to entrain circadian rhythms through light exposure and a regular schedule.
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This document summarizes circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and delayed sleep phase type. It presents the case of an 18-year-old female college student (AL) who cannot fall asleep before 2 am and has difficulty waking up before 10 am, causing her to fall asleep in morning classes. The document discusses how the human circadian rhythm is approximately 25 hours and requires light exposure to entrain to external 24-hour cycles. It describes diagnostic criteria for circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and treatment options for delayed sleep phase type, including melatonin, light therapy, and lifestyle changes.
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Circadian rhythm disorders involve problems with the timing of sleep and wakefulness caused by issues with the body's master circadian clock located in the brain. One type is an extrinsic circadian rhythm disorder called shift work disorder which affects those who work night shifts.
Biological and Circardial Rhythyms
1) Circadian rhythms are physical and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle in response to light and darkness. They are regulated by the brain's master clock located in the hypothalamus.
2) Biological clocks control circadian rhythms endogenously but are entrained to the 24 hour light/dark cycle by external cues called zeitgebers, mainly light.
3) Circadian rhythm disorders occur when an individual's sleep-wake cycle is not aligned with environmental cues, leading to insomnia or excessive sleepiness. They include delayed sleep phase, advanced sleep phase, and jet lag.
Circadian rhythm
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Sleeping is one of the most important functions in life and it plays a vital role in keeping our body and mind healthy.Deficiency of sleeping disorders can lead to health illness, accidents, lack of job performance, and stress effects on relationships.
Sleep pattern disturbances
This document discusses sleep patterns and sleep disturbances. It begins by defining sleep and describing the sleep-wake cycle which is regulated by circadian rhythms. It then outlines the stages of sleep including non-REM and REM sleep. Key factors that affect sleep like age, illness, lifestyle and environment are mentioned. Common sleep disorders are introduced including insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and parasomnias. Assessment methods like questionnaires, sleep diaries and polysomnography are covered. Nursing management strategies to promote better sleep are provided. Research evidence on sleep enhancement interventions for hospitalized patients is briefly summarized.
sleep disturbance and its patterns
This document discusses sleep disturbances and patterns. It begins with objectives of gaining knowledge about sleep disturbances, patterns, and their application in patient care. It then covers definitions of sleep, sleep facts, sleep patterns in different age groups, sleep physiology including stages of sleep and sleep regulation. Factors affecting sleep and consequences of sleep deprivation are explained. Common sleep disorders like insomnia are described along with international classification of sleep disorders and their management.
Sleep Disorders
Introduction
The sleep – wakefulness cycle is genetically determined rather than learned and is established sometime after birth.Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity and [inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscle during REM sleep] reduced interactions with surroundings.
Sleep can be regarded as a physiological reversible reduction of conscious awareness. Nearly one third of human life is spent in sleep. Disorders of sleep can affect activities of daily living (ADL) of an individual.
Definition
It is an easily reversible state of relative unresponsiveness and serenity which occurs more or less regularly and repetitively each day.
The EEG recordings show typical features of sleep which is broadly divided into two broadly different phases:
1. D-sleep (desynchronised or dreaming sleep), also called as REM- sleep (rapid eye movement sleep),active sleep, or paradoxical sleep.
2. S-sleep (synchronised sleep), also called as NREM-sleep (non-REM sleep), quiet sleep, or orthodox sleep. S-sleep or NREM-sleep is further divided into four stages, ranging from stages 1 to 4. As the person falls asleep, the person fifi rst passes through these stages of NREM-sleep.
Stages of sleep
The EEG recording during the waking state shows alpha waves of 8-12 cycles/sec. frequency. The onset of sleep is characterised by a disappearance of the alpha-activity.
Stage 1, NREM-sleep is the first and the ligh test stage of sleep characterised by an absence of alphawaves, and low voltage, predominantly theta activity.
Stage 2, NREM-sleep follows the stage 1 within a few minutes and is characterised by two typical EEG changes:
i. Sleep spindles: Regular spindle shaped waves of 13-15 cycles/sec. frequency, lasting 0.5-2.0
seconds, with a charac teristic waxing and waning amplitude.
ii. K-complexes: High voltage spikes present intermittently.
Stage 3, NREM-sleep shows appearance of high voltage, 75 μV, δ-waves of 0.5-3.0 cycles/sec.
Stage 4, NREM-sleep shows predominant δ-activity in EEG. NREM-sleep is followed by REM-sleep, which is a light phase of sleep. The EEG is characterised by a return of α-waves (α-wave sleep); other changes are similar to stage 1 NREM-sleep. One of the most characteristic features of the REM-sleep is presence of REM or rapid (conjugate) eye move ments. The other features include generalised mus cular atony, penile erection, autonomic hyperactivity (increase in pulse rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure), and movements of small muscle groups, occurring intermittently. Although it is a light stage of sleep, arousal is diffificult. These stages occur regularly throughout the whole duration of sleep. The first REM period occurs typically after 90 minutes of the onset of sleep, although it can start as early as 7 minutes after going off to sleep, e.g. in narcolepsy, in major depression, and after sleep deprivation.
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Rest and sleep
PROFESSIONAL NURSES ROLE IN MAINTAINING REST AND SLEEP NEEDS IN PATIENTS
- Ms. Johncy Charles
SLEEP
An altered state of consciousness in which the individual’s perception of and reaction to the environment are decreased.
It is a cyclical process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness.
This sleep-wake cycle influences and regulates various functions in the body.
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
Period of 24 hours
Circadian rhythm is the rhythm of certain biological activities that take place over a 24 hour period.
The most familiar of them is the sleep-wake cycle.
The circadian rhythms are affected by light, temperature, and other internal and external factors.
All people have biological clocks that synchronize their sleep cycles.
FUNCTIONS OF SLEEP
Purpose of sleep still unclear. Some proposed functions of sleep are as follows:
Body tissue restoration
Release of growth hormone
Repair and renewal of tissues
Preservation of cardiac function.
Reduction of heart rate during sleep
Reduction in workload of heart.
COMMON SLEEP DISORDERS
NURSES ROLE
ASSESSMENT
Sleep history
Health history
Physical examination
Sleep diary
Diagnostic studies
DIAGNOSIS
Activity intolerance
Anxiety
Ineffective breathing pattern
Impaired comfort
Acute confusion
Ineffective coping
Fatigue
Ineffective health maintenance
Impaired memory
Nausea
Ineffective protection
Deficient knowledge
Sleep
Sleep deprivation
Disturbed sleep pattern
Disturbed thought process
PLANNING
Develop a plan that provides sufficient energy for daily activities.
Planning of specific nursing interventions based on the etiology of each nursing diagnosis.
IMPLEMENTATION
Health promotion
Environmental controls
Promoting bedtime routines
Promoting comfort
Establishing periods of rest and sleep
Stress reduction
Bedtime snacks
Medications as prescribed
EVALUATION
Observation of duration of client’s sleep.
Questions about how the client feels on awakening.
Observation of clients level of alertness during the day
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This document discusses sleep disturbances and patterns. It begins with general and specific objectives of providing knowledge about sleep disturbances, patterns, and their application in patient care. It then defines sleep and discusses sleep physiology, including circadian rhythms, sleep regulation, and the stages of sleep. The document also covers normal sleep requirements, factors affecting sleep, consequences of sleep deprivation, common sleep disorders like insomnia, and the international classification of sleep disorders.
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1) The document discusses physiology of sleep and dreams, defining sleep and outlining typical sleep requirements by age.
2) It describes the stages and types of sleep, including REM and NREM sleep cycles. Physiological changes during sleep like decreased heart rate and respiratory rate are also summarized.
3) The mechanisms and centers of the brain that control sleep and dreaming are examined. Various sleep disorders like insomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea are also discussed.
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Circadian rhythm is the body's natural, internal process that regulates physical and mental functioning with a cycle of about 24 hours. It is controlled by a pacemaker in the brain and influences sleep-wake cycles, temperature, and hormone regulation. Circadian rhythm disorders occur when the body's internal clock is misaligned with external demands, causing insomnia or excessive sleepiness. Jet lag results from travel across time zones disrupting circadian rhythms, while shift work misaligns circadian rhythms from working during normal sleep periods, increasing health risks. Treatments include light therapy, drugs to improve sleep, and optimizing sleep schedules.
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This document discusses sleep, sleep disturbances, and factors that affect sleep. It covers the importance of sleep, circadian rhythms, sleep stages and cycles, functions of sleep, common sleep disorders, and how factors like lifestyle, medications, and medical conditions can impact sleep. Globally, around 150 million adults suffer from sleep disorders with insomnia being the most common. Sleep requirements vary by age, from 15-18 hours per day for newborns to 7-8 hours for adults. Proper sleep is essential for restoration of physiological and cognitive functions.
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Sleep difficulties are linked to both physical and emotional problems. Sleep problems can both contribute to or exacerbate mental health conditions and can be a symptom of other mental health conditions.
About one-third of adults report insomnia symptoms and 6-10 percent meet the criteria for insomnia disorder.
Sleep helps your brain function properly. Not getting enough sleep or poor quality sleep has many potential consequences. The most obvious concerns are fatigue and decreased energy, irritability and problems focusing. The ability to make decisions and your mood can also be affected. Sleep problems often coexist with symptoms of depression or anxiety. Sleep problems can exacerbate depression or anxiety, and depression or anxiety can lead to sleep problems.
To be diagnosed with insomnia disorder, the sleep difficulties must occur at least three nights a week for at least three months and cause significant distress or problems at work, school or other important areas of a person's daily functioning. Not all individuals with sleep disturbances are distressed or have problems functioning.
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A comprehensive assessment for insomnia or other sleep problems may involve a patient history, a physical exam, a sleep diary and clinical testing (a sleep study). A sleep study allows the physician to identify how long and how well you’re sleeping and to detect specific sleep problems. A sleep diary is a record of your sleep habits to discuss with your physician. It includes information such as when you go to bed, get to sleep, wake up, get out of bed, take naps, exercise, eat and consume alcohol and caffeinated beverages.
Sleep problems can occur at any age but most commonly start in young adulthood. The type of insomnia often varies with age. Problems getting to sleep are more common among young adults. Problems staying asleep are more common among middle-age and older adults.
Symptoms of insomnia can be:
1-Episodic (with an episode of symptoms lasting one to three months)
2-Persistent (with symptoms lasting three months or more)
3-Recurrent (with two or more episodes within a year)
Most over-the-counter sleep medicines contain antihistamines, which are commonly used to treat allergies. They are not addictive, but they can become less effective over time. They may also contribute to confusion, blurred vision, urinary retention, and falls in the elderly and should be used with caution in this population.
Obstructive sleep apnea involves breathing interruptions during sleep. A person with sleep apnea will have repeated episodes of airway obstruction during sleep causing snoring, snorting/gasping or breathing pauses. This interrupted sleep causes daytime sleepiness and fatigue.
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A medical condition known as sleep paralysis happens when someone either falls asleep or wakes up and finds that they are immobile or paralyzed for a short period of time, usually ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes. The fact that this experience frequently takes place when the person is aware of their surroundings adds to its scary potential. A disturbance in the passage from one stage of sleep to the next, especially from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep to awake, is assumed to cause sleep paralysis.
To get more free e-books on such interesting topics visit our website
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This document provides an overview of sleep paralysis, including:
1. It discusses the common causes of sleep paralysis such as sleep deprivation, irregular sleep patterns, underlying sleep disorders, and stress/anxiety.
2. These factors can disrupt the natural sleep cycle and transitions between sleep stages, potentially leading to REM intrusion into wakefulness and episodes of temporary paralysis.
3. Managing the underlying causes through healthy sleep habits, treatment of sleep disorders, and reducing stress can help lower the risk of experiencing sleep paralysis.
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1) Circadian rhythms are the body's natural daily cycles regulated by a master clock in the hypothalamus that influence behaviors and physiology over 24 hours.
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3) Effects of sleep deprivation include increased risk of hypertension, arrhythmias, infections, obesity, and diabetes as well as cognitive deficits affecting mood, attention, learning, and decision making.
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Sleep Disorders
Introduction
The sleep – wakefulness cycle is genetically determined rather than learned and is established sometime after birth.Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity and [inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscle during REM sleep] reduced interactions with surroundings.
Sleep can be regarded as a physiological reversible reduction of conscious awareness. Nearly one third of human life is spent in sleep. Disorders of sleep can affect activities of daily living (ADL) of an individual.
Definition
It is an easily reversible state of relative unresponsiveness and serenity which occurs more or less regularly and repetitively each day.
The EEG recordings show typical features of sleep which is broadly divided into two broadly different phases:
1. D-sleep (desynchronised or dreaming sleep), also called as REM- sleep (rapid eye movement sleep),active sleep, or paradoxical sleep.
2. S-sleep (synchronised sleep), also called as NREM-sleep (non-REM sleep), quiet sleep, or orthodox sleep. S-sleep or NREM-sleep is further divided into four stages, ranging from stages 1 to 4. As the person falls asleep, the person fifi rst passes through these stages of NREM-sleep.
Stages of sleep
The EEG recording during the waking state shows alpha waves of 8-12 cycles/sec. frequency. The onset of sleep is characterised by a disappearance of the alpha-activity.
Stage 1, NREM-sleep is the first and the ligh test stage of sleep characterised by an absence of alphawaves, and low voltage, predominantly theta activity.
Stage 2, NREM-sleep follows the stage 1 within a few minutes and is characterised by two typical EEG changes:
i. Sleep spindles: Regular spindle shaped waves of 13-15 cycles/sec. frequency, lasting 0.5-2.0
seconds, with a charac teristic waxing and waning amplitude.
ii. K-complexes: High voltage spikes present intermittently.
Stage 3, NREM-sleep shows appearance of high voltage, 75 μV, δ-waves of 0.5-3.0 cycles/sec.
Stage 4, NREM-sleep shows predominant δ-activity in EEG. NREM-sleep is followed by REM-sleep, which is a light phase of sleep. The EEG is characterised by a return of α-waves (α-wave sleep); other changes are similar to stage 1 NREM-sleep. One of the most characteristic features of the REM-sleep is presence of REM or rapid (conjugate) eye move ments. The other features include generalised mus cular atony, penile erection, autonomic hyperactivity (increase in pulse rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure), and movements of small muscle groups, occurring intermittently. Although it is a light stage of sleep, arousal is diffificult. These stages occur regularly throughout the whole duration of sleep. The first REM period occurs typically after 90 minutes of the onset of sleep, although it can start as early as 7 minutes after going off to sleep, e.g. in narcolepsy, in major depression, and after sleep deprivation.
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This document discusses various sleep and wake disorders, providing information on different types including insomnia, hypersomnolence, narcolepsy, breathing-related sleep disorders, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, parasomnias, and substance-induced sleep disorders. It covers diagnostic criteria, causes, assessment tools and treatment options for each disorder. Examples of specific disorders covered are obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, sleep paralysis, nightmares, and delayed sleep phase type.
Presentation on sleep pattern
The document provides information on sleep patterns and disturbances. It defines sleep and describes the physiology of sleep including the reticulating activating system and sleep stages. It discusses non-REM and REM sleep in detail. It also covers sleep requirements and patterns across the lifespan as well as common sleep disorders like insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and sleep deprivation. Finally, it briefly mentions parasomnias.
Sleep pattern and its disturbances
it explain about definition of sleep, normal sleep, sleep disturbance, causes of sleep disturbance, management therapy, nursing therapy and its effect om normal life.
Rest and sleep
PROFESSIONAL NURSES ROLE IN MAINTAINING REST AND SLEEP NEEDS IN PATIENTS
- Ms. Johncy Charles
SLEEP
An altered state of consciousness in which the individual’s perception of and reaction to the environment are decreased.
It is a cyclical process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness.
This sleep-wake cycle influences and regulates various functions in the body.
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
Period of 24 hours
Circadian rhythm is the rhythm of certain biological activities that take place over a 24 hour period.
The most familiar of them is the sleep-wake cycle.
The circadian rhythms are affected by light, temperature, and other internal and external factors.
All people have biological clocks that synchronize their sleep cycles.
FUNCTIONS OF SLEEP
Purpose of sleep still unclear. Some proposed functions of sleep are as follows:
Body tissue restoration
Release of growth hormone
Repair and renewal of tissues
Preservation of cardiac function.
Reduction of heart rate during sleep
Reduction in workload of heart.
COMMON SLEEP DISORDERS
NURSES ROLE
ASSESSMENT
Sleep history
Health history
Physical examination
Sleep diary
Diagnostic studies
DIAGNOSIS
Activity intolerance
Anxiety
Ineffective breathing pattern
Impaired comfort
Acute confusion
Ineffective coping
Fatigue
Ineffective health maintenance
Impaired memory
Nausea
Ineffective protection
Deficient knowledge
Sleep
Sleep deprivation
Disturbed sleep pattern
Disturbed thought process
PLANNING
Develop a plan that provides sufficient energy for daily activities.
Planning of specific nursing interventions based on the etiology of each nursing diagnosis.
IMPLEMENTATION
Health promotion
Environmental controls
Promoting bedtime routines
Promoting comfort
Establishing periods of rest and sleep
Stress reduction
Bedtime snacks
Medications as prescribed
EVALUATION
Observation of duration of client’s sleep.
Questions about how the client feels on awakening.
Observation of clients level of alertness during the day
Sleep disterbances and its patterns
This document discusses sleep disturbances and patterns. It begins with general and specific objectives of providing knowledge about sleep disturbances, patterns, and their application in patient care. It then defines sleep and discusses sleep physiology, including circadian rhythms, sleep regulation, and the stages of sleep. The document also covers normal sleep requirements, factors affecting sleep, consequences of sleep deprivation, common sleep disorders like insomnia, and the international classification of sleep disorders.
PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP & DREAMS
1) The document discusses physiology of sleep and dreams, defining sleep and outlining typical sleep requirements by age.
2) It describes the stages and types of sleep, including REM and NREM sleep cycles. Physiological changes during sleep like decreased heart rate and respiratory rate are also summarized.
3) The mechanisms and centers of the brain that control sleep and dreaming are examined. Various sleep disorders like insomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea are also discussed.
Rest, Sleep and Comfort measures.pptx
For nursing students
Fundamental of Nursing
Based on curriculum of B.Sc. Nursing First Year of Kathmandu University
Circadian rhythm
Circadian rhythm is the body's natural, internal process that regulates physical and mental functioning with a cycle of about 24 hours. It is controlled by a pacemaker in the brain and influences sleep-wake cycles, temperature, and hormone regulation. Circadian rhythm disorders occur when the body's internal clock is misaligned with external demands, causing insomnia or excessive sleepiness. Jet lag results from travel across time zones disrupting circadian rhythms, while shift work misaligns circadian rhythms from working during normal sleep periods, increasing health risks. Treatments include light therapy, drugs to improve sleep, and optimizing sleep schedules.
How To Get A Good Night's Sleep
This document discusses sleep, what it is, how much we need, consequences of poor sleep, common sleep disorders, and tips for good sleep hygiene. Sleep is a behavioral and physiological state that alternates with waking and is regulated by circadian rhythms. Most adults need 7-8 hours per night, and short sleep is associated with negative health outcomes. Common sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless leg syndrome. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule, quiet bedroom, and limiting screens before bed can promote good sleep.
The Importance of a good night's sleep
This document discusses the importance of sleep and provides information about sleep stages and cycles. It defines sleep and discusses how sleep changes throughout life. The stages of sleep include stage 1, 2, 3 and REM sleep. A normal sleep cycle takes 90-120 minutes and includes progression through the stages before REM sleep. Deep sleep occurs in stage 3. Dreams typically occur during REM sleep. The benefits of good sleep for health are also outlined, including keeping the heart healthy, reducing stress, and improving memory and weight control.
Sleep disorders [autosaved]
Sleep is a naturally occurring state characterized by decreased awareness and responsiveness. It involves reduced movement, temporary blindness, decreased reaction time, and altered brain waves and physiology. Almost a third of people experience some sleep problems like trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Sleep is regulated by circadian rhythms that follow a 24 hour cycle and can be disrupted by illness, medications, stress, and environmental factors. Sleep disorders are classified as dyssomnias involving problems falling or staying asleep, or parasomnias involving abnormal movements or behaviors during sleep. Common disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and restless leg syndrome. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, medications, surgery, or psychotherapy depending on the underlying cause.
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This document discusses sleep, sleep disturbances, and factors that affect sleep. It covers the importance of sleep, circadian rhythms, sleep stages and cycles, functions of sleep, common sleep disorders, and how factors like lifestyle, medications, and medical conditions can impact sleep. Globally, around 150 million adults suffer from sleep disorders with insomnia being the most common. Sleep requirements vary by age, from 15-18 hours per day for newborns to 7-8 hours for adults. Proper sleep is essential for restoration of physiological and cognitive functions.
sleep wake disorder.pptx
Sleep difficulties are linked to both physical and emotional problems. Sleep problems can both contribute to or exacerbate mental health conditions and can be a symptom of other mental health conditions.
About one-third of adults report insomnia symptoms and 6-10 percent meet the criteria for insomnia disorder.
Sleep helps your brain function properly. Not getting enough sleep or poor quality sleep has many potential consequences. The most obvious concerns are fatigue and decreased energy, irritability and problems focusing. The ability to make decisions and your mood can also be affected. Sleep problems often coexist with symptoms of depression or anxiety. Sleep problems can exacerbate depression or anxiety, and depression or anxiety can lead to sleep problems.
To be diagnosed with insomnia disorder, the sleep difficulties must occur at least three nights a week for at least three months and cause significant distress or problems at work, school or other important areas of a person's daily functioning. Not all individuals with sleep disturbances are distressed or have problems functioning.
To diagnose insomnia, a physician will rule out other sleep disorders (see Related Conditions below), medication side-effects, substance misuse, depression and other physical and mental illnesses. Some medications and medical conditions can affect sleep.
A comprehensive assessment for insomnia or other sleep problems may involve a patient history, a physical exam, a sleep diary and clinical testing (a sleep study). A sleep study allows the physician to identify how long and how well you’re sleeping and to detect specific sleep problems. A sleep diary is a record of your sleep habits to discuss with your physician. It includes information such as when you go to bed, get to sleep, wake up, get out of bed, take naps, exercise, eat and consume alcohol and caffeinated beverages.
Sleep problems can occur at any age but most commonly start in young adulthood. The type of insomnia often varies with age. Problems getting to sleep are more common among young adults. Problems staying asleep are more common among middle-age and older adults.
Symptoms of insomnia can be:
1-Episodic (with an episode of symptoms lasting one to three months)
2-Persistent (with symptoms lasting three months or more)
3-Recurrent (with two or more episodes within a year)
Most over-the-counter sleep medicines contain antihistamines, which are commonly used to treat allergies. They are not addictive, but they can become less effective over time. They may also contribute to confusion, blurred vision, urinary retention, and falls in the elderly and should be used with caution in this population.
Obstructive sleep apnea involves breathing interruptions during sleep. A person with sleep apnea will have repeated episodes of airway obstruction during sleep causing snoring, snorting/gasping or breathing pauses. This interrupted sleep causes daytime sleepiness and fatigue.
news_Causes and effects of sleep paralysis_1700561382.pdf
A medical condition known as sleep paralysis happens when someone either falls asleep or wakes up and finds that they are immobile or paralyzed for a short period of time, usually ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes. The fact that this experience frequently takes place when the person is aware of their surroundings adds to its scary potential. A disturbance in the passage from one stage of sleep to the next, especially from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep to awake, is assumed to cause sleep paralysis.
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news_Causes and effects of sleep paralysis_1700561382.pdf
This document provides an overview of sleep paralysis, including:
1. It discusses the common causes of sleep paralysis such as sleep deprivation, irregular sleep patterns, underlying sleep disorders, and stress/anxiety.
2. These factors can disrupt the natural sleep cycle and transitions between sleep stages, potentially leading to REM intrusion into wakefulness and episodes of temporary paralysis.
3. Managing the underlying causes through healthy sleep habits, treatment of sleep disorders, and reducing stress can help lower the risk of experiencing sleep paralysis.
Effects of Sleep Deprivation.pptx
1) Circadian rhythms are the body's natural daily cycles regulated by a master clock in the hypothalamus that influence behaviors and physiology over 24 hours.
2) Sleep deprivation is defined as a reduction in total sleep time and impairs cognition, mood, memory, cardiovascular function, immune response, and metabolism.
3) Effects of sleep deprivation include increased risk of hypertension, arrhythmias, infections, obesity, and diabetes as well as cognitive deficits affecting mood, attention, learning, and decision making.
Circadian cycle
The circadian cycle is regulated by the body's biological clocks, including a master clock in the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN coordinates circadian rhythms throughout the body and is entrained to the day/night cycle by light signals from the retina. Disruption of the SCN, such as in blindness, can cause irregular circadian rhythms and sleep disorders. Recent research has identified intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells that also help set the circadian clock independent of vision.
White Paper: Powerful Ways On How To Get Ideal Amount Of Sleep Nightly
Just recently, insufficient sleep has become a major public health issue. Experts have discovered and are still discovering the optimal sleep duration as well as the harmful effects of too little or too much slumber to health. This white paper explores how much sleep people need and some tips on how people can achieve it every night.
Sleep overview
This document discusses sleep, sleep disorders, and insomnia. It provides information on sleep stages including non-REM sleep stages I-IV and REM sleep. It discusses common sleep disorders like insomnia and covers insomnia causes, assessments, and treatment options. Treatment includes cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, sleep restriction, stimulus control therapy, and in some cases, prescription hypnotics on a short-term basis.
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news_Causes and effects of sleep paralysis_1700561382.pdf
news_Causes and effects of sleep paralysis_1700561382.pdf
news_Causes and effects of sleep paralysis_1700561382.pdf
news_Causes and effects of sleep paralysis_1700561382.pdf
White Paper: Powerful Ways On How To Get Ideal Amount Of Sleep Nightly
White Paper: Powerful Ways On How To Get Ideal Amount Of Sleep Nightly
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Pneumonia During Pregnancy:
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Two birds with one stone: The benets of quitting smoking for the lungs and sleepDr. Lisa Marie Cannon
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What causes people to snore?
Millions of people snore when they sleep. Genetic factors could cause snoring, as well as one’s sleeping position or underlying health condition. According to sleep medicine specialist Lisa M. Cannon, M.D., the sound is caused by a heavy flow of air that blocks the breathing pathways. This can cause vibration in areas such as the soft palate, uvula, tongue, and others. The space in the airways diminishes as muscles in the neck and throat relax along with the rest of the body.
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Millions of people suffer from sleep disorders, with insomnia being the most common. To remain fit and healthy, it’s also important to develop the right sleeping habits. For those who are having difficulties with getting good shuteye, Lisa M. Cannon, M.D., suggests simple breathing exercises. Here are some methods worth trying.
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Much have been said about how faith and spirituality can lower stress levels and improve mental health. It makes sense considering that there are people who rely on faith at some point to get them through the hard times. Now, a new study adds to the growing body of evidence citing the connection between faith and mortality.Five home remedies for asthma
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Study: Obese patients more likely to survive from sepsis
Researchers from the University of Michigan found that obese patients had higher survival rates from sepsis than normal weight patients. A study of over 1,400 Medicare patients found heavier patients who got sepsis were more likely to survive. While many doctors believe obese patients will do worse with conditions like sepsis, this study found they actually have lower mortality and similar functional outcomes as normal weight patients. However, maintaining a normal weight still has many health benefits overall. Understanding how body weight impacts responses to critical illnesses can help improve care for sepsis and other conditions.
New study links cancer-related incidental pulmonary embolism to VTE
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How To Deal With Sleepwalking
Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism, affects around 1.5% of adults and 5% of children, where individuals engage in activities like walking or sitting while appearing awake but having no memory and occurring during slow-wave sleep. While usually harmless, there have been reports of dangerous behaviors resulting in injuries. There are no proven interventions to stop occurrences, but risks can be minimized through sufficient sleep, avoiding triggers, and creating a relaxing routine. Sleepwalking is often outgrown, but persistent cases should be checked by a sleep specialist.
Effects of smoking on exercise and physical fitness
It has long been established that cigarette smoking puts one at risk of many health problems. Practiced by more than one billion people in the world, tobacco smoking is a popular attachment in the society. Some smokers who desire to be fit and healthy incorporate exercise in their daily routine. How can smoking affect physical fitness?
Understanding The Link Between Adhd And Sleep Disorder
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit hyperactivity, inattentiveness, or impulsivity. They usually have trouble focusing on a task, sitting still, or controlling emotions and behaviors. Mental and physical restlessness affect kids with ADHD even while they are sleeping.
Valley fever: Recognizing the causes and symptoms of coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis or cocci is a fungal infection endemic in arid regions, such as the southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and parts of South and Central America.
Lung cancer screening: What to expect
Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other type of cancer. Timely screening can help doctors diagnose early the beginning stages of the disease, even before the appearance of symptoms.
Tackling the challenges of respiratory medicine
Respiratory medicine still faces many challenges that are brought on by modern lifestyles. The population is aging, many individuals are still unable to quit smoking, and environmental factors, like air pollution, remain largely unsolved. With these, the global burden of respiratory disease has been predicted to continue increasing in the years to come.
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OSA recommended only for patients with unexplained daytime sleepiness
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Eat well and breathe better with these healthboosting foods
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- 1. The Different Types Of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder Published on March 24, 2017 Lisa Marie Cannon -- 4 articles Follow The circadian rhythm is more often referred to as “body clock.” It is the set of biological rhythms governing the
- 2. physiological and behavioral changes in the body; its most common feature is the sleep-wake cycle. These rhythms are typically in-sync with nature’s light-dark cycle, which results in humans needing to sleep during the night and wake up in the morning. When there is an abnormality in the length, timing, or rigidity in a person’s natural sleep-wake cycle, that individual may be suffering from a circadian rhythm sleep disorder (CRSD). Disorders falling under this category should be diagnosed and treated appropriately as they often lead to psychological and functional difficulties.
- 3. Image source: chronobiology.com There are six types of CRSD, which are categorized into either intrinsic (chronic with neurological causes) or extrinsic (due to social or environmental circumstances). Intrinsic
- 4. Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS): The individual’s body clock is delayed relative to the day and night cycle. He is unable to sleep until it is very late at night, usually after midnight. Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome (ASPS): Opposite of DSPS, those with ASPS feel the need to sleep much earlier than the usual bedtime. Non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome (Non-24): This causes an out-of-sync circadian rhythm, conditioning the body to have a day length longer than 24 hours. Irregular sleep-wake disorder (ISWD): Individuals who suffer from ISWD cannot sleep seven to nine hours straight. Instead, they require at least three sleep periods in a day, with each period lasting for about two to three hours only. Extrinsic Shift-work sleep disorder: A person’s circadian rhythm is affected when he has to work in a shift different than the traditional 9-to-5. This leads to difficulty in adjusting to the required schedule of sleep.
- 5. Jet lag: When a person travels across locations of different time zones, his body has to temporarily adjust to the different day-night cycle. Lisa Marie Cannon, M.D. is an internist specializing in various fields including sleep medicine.