Sleep difficulties are linked to both physical and emotional problems. Sleep problems can both contribute to or exacerbate mental health conditions and can be a symptom of other mental health conditions. About one-third of adults report insomnia symptoms and 6-10 percent meet the criteria for insomnia disorder. Sleep helps your brain function properly. Not getting enough sleep or poor quality sleep has many potential consequences. The most obvious concerns are fatigue and decreased energy, irritability and problems focusing. The ability to make decisions and your mood can also be affected. Sleep problems often coexist with symptoms of depression or anxiety. Sleep problems can exacerbate depression or anxiety, and depression or anxiety can lead to sleep problems. To be diagnosed with insomnia disorder, the sleep difficulties must occur at least three nights a week for at least three months and cause significant distress or problems at work, school or other important areas of a person's daily functioning. Not all individuals with sleep disturbances are distressed or have problems functioning. To diagnose insomnia, a physician will rule out other sleep disorders (see Related Conditions below), medication side-effects, substance misuse, depression and other physical and mental illnesses. Some medications and medical conditions can affect sleep. A comprehensive assessment for insomnia or other sleep problems may involve a patient history, a physical exam, a sleep diary and clinical testing (a sleep study). A sleep study allows the physician to identify how long and how well you’re sleeping and to detect specific sleep problems. A sleep diary is a record of your sleep habits to discuss with your physician. It includes information such as when you go to bed, get to sleep, wake up, get out of bed, take naps, exercise, eat and consume alcohol and caffeinated beverages. Sleep problems can occur at any age but most commonly start in young adulthood. The type of insomnia often varies with age. Problems getting to sleep are more common among young adults. Problems staying asleep are more common among middle-age and older adults. Symptoms of insomnia can be: 1-Episodic (with an episode of symptoms lasting one to three months) 2-Persistent (with symptoms lasting three months or more) 3-Recurrent (with two or more episodes within a year) Most over-the-counter sleep medicines contain antihistamines, which are commonly used to treat allergies. They are not addictive, but they can become less effective over time. They may also contribute to confusion, blurred vision, urinary retention, and falls in the elderly and should be used with caution in this population. Obstructive sleep apnea involves breathing interruptions during sleep. A person with sleep apnea will have repeated episodes of airway obstruction during sleep causing snoring, snorting/gasping or breathing pauses. This interrupted sleep causes daytime sleepiness and fatigue.

1. SleepWake Disorders
AQSA SHAHID

2. What is aSleep
Disorder?
 Sleep Disorders are conditions that affect the quality, duration,
timing, and/or impact of a patient’s ability to sleep or function
properly while they are awake. Sleep disorders (or sleep-wake
disorders) involve problems with the quality, timing, and amount
of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment in
functioning. Sleep-wake disorders often occur along with medical
conditions or other mental health conditions, such as depression,
anxiety, or cognitive disorders.
 Example:
 Common Sleep Disorder Examples:
 Insomnia
 Sleep Apnea
 Restless Leg Syndrome
 Sleepwalking
 Parasomnia

3. Classification
of sleep
disorders:
 CLASSIFICATIONOF SLEEP DISORDER
 1. DSM-V
 2. ICSD-23
 3. ICD-10
 The subjects of sleep disorder covers only NON-ORGANIC type in
ICD-10. Sleep disorders of organic origin, non-psychogenic
disrders such as narcolepsy, cataplexy, sleepapnoea and episodic
movement disorders are discussed under other categories (G).

4. SleepWake
Disorders &
Causes:
 Sleep disorders (or sleep-wake disorders) involve problems with
the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime
distress and impairment in functioning. Sleep-wake disorders
often occur along with medical conditions or other mental health
conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or cognitive disorders.
 Causes:
 Sleep-wake disorders occur when
 the body’s internal clock does not work properly or is out of sync
with the surrounding environment.The body has an internal
timing system called the circadian system that regulates daily
behavior and bodily functions through cycles called circadian
rhythms.

5.  Some of the signs and symptoms of sleep disorders include
excessive daytime sleepiness, irregular breathing or increased
movement during sleep. Other signs and symptoms include an
irregular sleep and wake cycle and difficulty falling asleep.
 Symptoms: Excessive daytime sleepiness
Symptoms of
Sleep
Disorders:

6. Disorders of
inadequate
Excessive
Sleep:
Disorders of Inadequate/Excessive sleep disorders are following :
 SleepInsomnia disorder
Hypersomnolence
 Narcolepsy
 Much less prevalent in the general population
 Commonly comorbid with affective and other types of
psychopathology