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The Development of
Competencies in the
Student Affairs Profession:
The Process of Inquiry
JOHN L. HOFFMAN
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION COLLOQUIUM
OCTOBER 7, 2015
Historical Context
 1987 – Chickering & Gameson propose Seven Principles of Good
Practice in Undergraduate Education
 1990 – NASPA adopts Standards of Professional Practice
 1994 – ACPA publishes The Student Learning Imperative
 1998 – ACPA & NASPA publish Principles of Good Practice for
Student Affairs
 2010 – ACPA & NASPA publish Professional Competency Areas
for Student Affairs Practitioners
 2015 – ACPA & NASPA publish Professional Competency Areas
for Student Affairs Educators
2015 TASK FORCE MEMBERS
 Berenecea Johnson Eanes,
California State-Fullerton (co-
chair)
 Tricia Fechter, ACPA
 Stephanie Gordon, NASPA
 Shaun Harper, University of
Pennsylvania*
 Pamela Havice, Clemson
University
 John L. Hoffman, California
State-Fullerton
 Bridget Turner Kelly, Loyola
University-Chicago
 Patty Perillo, Virginia Tech (co-
chair)
 Quincy Martin, Triton College
 Laura Osteen, Florida State
University
 Jason Pina, Bridgewater State
University
 Will Simpkins, John Jay College,
CUNY
 Vu Tran, Ohio State University
 Case Willoughby, Butler
Community College
*had to withdraw from task force work
Guiding Questions
 What competencies must we keep and why?
 What competencies should we consider modifying
and/or eliminating? Why?
 What competencies must we consider adding? Why?
 What should we do with the “threads”? Why?
Changes Based in the Literature
Social Justice and Inclusion
 Empirical Competency Studies Since 2010
 “Dedication to social justice” (Hickmott & Bresciani, 2010)
 “Incorporating diversity” (Weiner et al., 2011)
 “Diversity and social justice” (Hoffman & Bresciani, 2012)
 Theoretical Social Justice Literature
 Social justice is “a process and a goal” where the goal is “full
and equal participation of all groups in a society that is
mutually shaped to meet their needs” (Bell, 2013, p. 21).
Technology
 Empirical Competency Literature
 Burkard et al. (2005)
 Hickmott & Bresciani (2010)
 Hoffman & Bresciani (2012)
 Professional Practice Literature
 Ahlquist (2014)
 Brown (2013)
 Junco (2015)
 Sabado (2015)
Inquiry-Based Changes
Inquiry Process
 391 discrete outcomes entered into a database
 Each outcome was coded by the following:
 Knowledge, skill, and/or disposition
 Potential “thread” or “emphasis” areas (globalism,
sustainability, communication, and collaboration)
 Competency area intersections
 Foundational, intermediate, or advanced
 Coded data analyzed with frequencies and crosstabs
Frequencies
 Levels
 138 Foundational
 137 Intermediate
 116 Advanced
 Types
 91 Knowledge
 278 Skill
 93 Disposition
 Emphasis
 72 Collaboration
 92 Communication
 11 Globalism
 7 Sustainability
Intersecting Competencies
 Leadership (45)
 Social Justice (39)
 Personal and Ethical
Foundations (38)
 Assessment, Evaluation,
and Research (31)
 Law, Policy, and
Governance (25)
 Organizational and Human
Resources (22)
 Technology (15)
 Values, Philosophy, and
History (7)
 Student Learning and
Development (5)
 Advising and Supporting (4)
Intersections by Outcome Level
 Foundational – 1.70
 Intermediate – 1.82
 Advanced – 1.98
Next Steps
 Implications for Practice
 New Publication Format
 NASPA’s Professional Standards Division – Examples of
Good Practice with the Competencies
 Globalism as a Future Competency?
 Implications for Research
 Studies Examining Competency Intersections
 Qualitative Studies

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The Development of Competencies in the Student Affairs Profession– The Process of Inquiry

  • 1. The Development of Competencies in the Student Affairs Profession: The Process of Inquiry JOHN L. HOFFMAN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION COLLOQUIUM OCTOBER 7, 2015
  • 2. Historical Context  1987 – Chickering & Gameson propose Seven Principles of Good Practice in Undergraduate Education  1990 – NASPA adopts Standards of Professional Practice  1994 – ACPA publishes The Student Learning Imperative  1998 – ACPA & NASPA publish Principles of Good Practice for Student Affairs  2010 – ACPA & NASPA publish Professional Competency Areas for Student Affairs Practitioners  2015 – ACPA & NASPA publish Professional Competency Areas for Student Affairs Educators
  • 3. 2015 TASK FORCE MEMBERS  Berenecea Johnson Eanes, California State-Fullerton (co- chair)  Tricia Fechter, ACPA  Stephanie Gordon, NASPA  Shaun Harper, University of Pennsylvania*  Pamela Havice, Clemson University  John L. Hoffman, California State-Fullerton  Bridget Turner Kelly, Loyola University-Chicago  Patty Perillo, Virginia Tech (co- chair)  Quincy Martin, Triton College  Laura Osteen, Florida State University  Jason Pina, Bridgewater State University  Will Simpkins, John Jay College, CUNY  Vu Tran, Ohio State University  Case Willoughby, Butler Community College *had to withdraw from task force work
  • 4. Guiding Questions  What competencies must we keep and why?  What competencies should we consider modifying and/or eliminating? Why?  What competencies must we consider adding? Why?  What should we do with the “threads”? Why?
  • 5. Changes Based in the Literature
  • 6. Social Justice and Inclusion  Empirical Competency Studies Since 2010  “Dedication to social justice” (Hickmott & Bresciani, 2010)  “Incorporating diversity” (Weiner et al., 2011)  “Diversity and social justice” (Hoffman & Bresciani, 2012)  Theoretical Social Justice Literature  Social justice is “a process and a goal” where the goal is “full and equal participation of all groups in a society that is mutually shaped to meet their needs” (Bell, 2013, p. 21).
  • 7. Technology  Empirical Competency Literature  Burkard et al. (2005)  Hickmott & Bresciani (2010)  Hoffman & Bresciani (2012)  Professional Practice Literature  Ahlquist (2014)  Brown (2013)  Junco (2015)  Sabado (2015)
  • 9. Inquiry Process  391 discrete outcomes entered into a database  Each outcome was coded by the following:  Knowledge, skill, and/or disposition  Potential “thread” or “emphasis” areas (globalism, sustainability, communication, and collaboration)  Competency area intersections  Foundational, intermediate, or advanced  Coded data analyzed with frequencies and crosstabs
  • 10. Frequencies  Levels  138 Foundational  137 Intermediate  116 Advanced  Types  91 Knowledge  278 Skill  93 Disposition  Emphasis  72 Collaboration  92 Communication  11 Globalism  7 Sustainability
  • 11. Intersecting Competencies  Leadership (45)  Social Justice (39)  Personal and Ethical Foundations (38)  Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (31)  Law, Policy, and Governance (25)  Organizational and Human Resources (22)  Technology (15)  Values, Philosophy, and History (7)  Student Learning and Development (5)  Advising and Supporting (4)
  • 12. Intersections by Outcome Level  Foundational – 1.70  Intermediate – 1.82  Advanced – 1.98
  • 13. Next Steps  Implications for Practice  New Publication Format  NASPA’s Professional Standards Division – Examples of Good Practice with the Competencies  Globalism as a Future Competency?  Implications for Research  Studies Examining Competency Intersections  Qualitative Studies