Canada's Strategy for Arctic Sovereignty

The Canadian Arctic
What is the federal government's strategy to support its claims to sovereignty in the high Arctic?
The Canadian Arctic, one of the defining features of our vast landscape. It spans more than 40% throughout our country and is home to more than
100,000 Canadians (Arctic, 2013). There is a variety of climate and terrain throughout this region. The Arctic in general has ownership claims by many
countries including Canada, Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States
(Member States, 2011). All these countries claim that they own parts of the Arctic but how valid are those claims? What and why does our
government want to claim parts of the Arctic? How valid are Canada's and other nation's claims to the Arctic?
Our claims to the north do have a basis and the law dictates that. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS),
FranГ§ois CГґtГ© and Robert Dufresne a nation has the right to claim 12 miles off the coast as that country's territory, however ships maintain a
right to innocent passage meaning that all ships can travel freely in those waters as long as there engaged in peaceful passage (ex. Commercial
ships). This means that 12 miles of the Arctic Archipelago belong to Canada (2008). So legally we do own parts of the Arctic but what about after 12
miles? Well there is another set of laws in the UNCLOS act. There is a 200 nautical–mile Exclusive Economic Zone around
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Canadian Minister And The Canadian Prime Minister
From 1896 to 1911 Sir Wilfrid Laurier served as the Canadian prime minister. This was a period when Canada shifted from being agricultural to being
proto–industrial. It was also a period of tremendous social and political tension in Canada. Laurier's ability to compromise between the French and the
English Canadians demands is what made him very successful and defined his time as leader. These compromises are seen through the settlement of the
Manitoba School Question in 1896, Canada's participation in the Boer War in 1899, and the Naval Service Act in 1910.
Before delving into the study, some background seems relevant. Canada was originally a rural nation predominately made of farmers, loggers,
fishermen, and fur traders; however in the late 19th century, the country saw a tremendous transformation of its society. By the early 20th century, the
majority of Canadians were living in urban towns or cities. They were also working in service industries for the first time. Under the Industrial
Revolution, the development of new machines saw a dramatic growth in city–based factory work while there was a reduced amount of rural trades.
Canada's raw natural resources were being processed into useful products such as lumber, textiles, and meat. As a result, Canada became a more
modern, and prosperous society than before. Under the 15–year leadership of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Canada pursued policies that created economic
growth, and a rising standard of living for almost everyone in

Canadian Language Analysis
Canada is a growing and successful first–world nation, but Canada is by no means a nation without faults. There are divides that exist in Canada;
historically, culturally, and politically. These divides exist as a part of a nation that is in continual development and growth– a nation of diversity and
democracy. It is the diversity between English–speaking Canadians and French–speaking Canadians that will be focused upon in the following pages of
this paper. Anglophone and Francophone Canadians are at odds. Historically, the tensions between these Canadians pre–dates the founding of this
country. Culturally; language, beliefs, traditions and values differ between these people tremendously. Politically, there are differing views of the unified
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(p.

The Censorship Of Canadian Content
Rules revolving around Canadian Content (CanCon) have been set in place since the 1920's. In 2005, revisions to the 1991 Broadcasting Act were
made. Since this revision was made there have been further changes to the Act trying to create the best set of rules for CanCon to be broadcasted
(Dewing, 2011). CanCon is an outdated concept that is causing consumers to switch to other forms of media. The CanCon rules cannot determine what
is considered Canadian and they cannot keep up with the ever–changing forms of media. Canadian producers are only getting a slim portion of the
industry even with the rules in place. Therefore CanCon rules should be totally eliminated.
While technology is getting better and people have begun streaming different forms of media online, the government has been slow on updating the
rules that regulate broadcasted Canadian Content (Mejaski, 2011). Due to the rapid development of digital technology CanCon rules are now outdated.
This is causing the distinction between broadcasting and telecommunications to be blurred. New technology has resulted in fragmentation. This refers
to the idea that there are is a growing number of courses that now have to be regulated by CanCon (Dewig, 2011). With the world technologically
progressing Canada has to focus on the idea that the world is becoming borderless. This idea comes from the thought that technology is bringing the
world closer together because everyone is interconnected now. This will result in the power

Canadian Political Culture Essay
Canadian Political Culture, in a nation– state context, can be break down as beliefs and attitudes that Canadian have of political objects( Jackson,
Politics in Canada.1994).
The majority of Canadians normally hold similar political notion that, unlike firm beliefs that varies in due time, are more widespread and are
considered as the base for political culture. It is these values and attitudes that Canadian citizens share that compose the heart of Canada nation state
political culture system. The political culture in general demands other things such as regional or even linguistic aspects to be able to fully explain
Canadian society and how it sees politics; nevertheless for this paper, it will only focus on the similarities that Canadian share in their political attitudes
of a nation culture as a whole. It will talk about on the likeness of thought that differentiate them from other countries. To be able to understand Canada
political culture, one has to understand some historical events that straightening the view point of those living in Canada. Canada is most of the time
seen as a multi–cultural country, a country that is built on two society and language the French and the English; yet however there are the common
beliefs that all Canadian share. Canada founded it nation through advancement, deciding to exonerate itself from the British Empire slowly with time
and change, unlike our neighbor the United State who gain their independence through the revolutionary war,

Black Canadians And Civil Rights
Black civil rights in Canada have changed immensely over the last century, giving black Canadians a sense of identity and equal opportunity within
Canadian communities. This document provides a detailed overview of the struggles, oppression, and changes that individuals went through, as well as
the changes they enacted into the Canadian system to improve the living standards of black Canadians. The purpose of those like (insert people's
names) and their causes are explained in detail; but also gives a background on each person's life and the struggles that they themselves dealt with
when they first moved to Canada. Some groups or movements are also touched on in detail, and how they had an impact on the way civil rights
changed both socially and politically as they were eye–opening experiences for the Canadian government and its citizens.
The Relationship between Black Canadians and Civil Rights in Canada In the eyes of a Canadian, the notion of human rights has evolved drastically
over time. Change is ignited when someone feels as though they are being treated unfairly and action is taken to reverse this oppressive environment.
There has been a historical pattern of unjust and inhuman acts towards perceived racially inferior groups in Canadian history during the 20th century.
The uprising of Black Civil Rights was a crucial step towards an equal and just society; despite Canada's influence in the fight against the Nazis'
repressive actions in WW2, the fight for racial

The Canadian Criminal Justice System
It is believed that while all human kind may have had common beginnings in the millennia past, the course of human history prevents all races from
reverting back to that common kind. It is further believed that the racism that subsists in today's society does not exist in the same manner within
Canada. While Canada is an egalitarian society, a close examination would suggest that the blunt historical and social truths of racism that are often
smugly denied exist very much in Canadian society and have seeped into the Canadian criminal justice system. The racialization of crime,
discriminatory policing, minority overrepresentation in prison populations and a blatant denial of justice are aspects of the system that taint much of
its past and create a worried present. This paper argues against the prevalent Canadian defence of egalitarianism by establishing the presence of
systemic discrimination within the Canadian criminal justice system.
Whether it is through print or through television screens, the press is the today's public's sole source of news; especially news about crime and the
courts. The tendency of the press to focus on crimes committed by minorities majorly influences the justice system's reaction to minority offenders. A
minority criminal is never given the racial anonymity that a non– minority criminal enjoys. The following are news headlines and/or excerpts from
court reports illustrating the aforementioned; :"Warm Pipe Scorches Chink Opium User"(Toronto

Importance Of Canadian Literature
Studying Literature in Grade 12
While good writers exist in all cultures, Ontario students should only study Canadian writers. There are three main reasons for this: the need to focus
on Canadian culture despite being surrounded by other cultures, the need to promote and establish our own writers, and the need to encourage the
development of younger Canadian authors. This essay will prove that graduating students in Ontario should only study Canadian literature in a Grade 12
English course in an effort to strengthen Canadian culture.
Students in Ontario taking English classes should only study Canadian literature because we are surrounded by the American culture. Canada has
always been a "branch plant" of another country. This is due to colonization by England and France. Our own culture has never developed because we
have always been under the influence of a powerful foreign country. In the past, a student in Ontario would study Shakespeare amongst other British
writers. Today they may also study American authors such as Fitzgerald. But many schools limit students' exposure to Canadian novels with restricted
ISP reading lists. In this sense, Canada is an attic in which we have stored American and British literature without including our own.1 This results in a
lack of recognition and appreciation for Canadian culture.
Often, the Canadian literature is studied is very old. This includes works such as Mordecai's Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz or Lawrence's Stone
Angel.

Roy Brown: A True Canadian Hero
Over the progression if history, there have been many true Canadian heroes and well known captains under specific air forces. Plenty of captains
are widely known for what they have done. For example, Arthur Billy Bishop was a Canadian flying ace and was credited 72 victories, which made
him the top Canadian ace of the war. There were many more captains and they have earned that power, thoroughly like Roy Brown did. Roy Brown
was a true Canadian hero, joining the Royal Naval Air Service and being appointed as the Temporary Probationary Flight Sub–Lieutenant who was
officially credited with shooting down von Richthofen. The Royal Air Force (RAF) credited Roy Brown for shooting down Manfred von Richthofen
who was also known as the Red Baron. Roy... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He died on March 9th, 1944 (age 50) in Stouffville, Ontario, Canada. He attended business school, followed by a course at Victoria High School.
Brown was interested in joining the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) until his father declined his request for that. Brown's father thought because of the high
casualty rate for the RFC pilots, he did not wish for his son to be in such a harmful, substandard environment. Although, then Roy Brown decided to
join the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). In 1915, he received his pilots' certificate and was appointed as the Temporary Probationary Flight
Sub–Lieutenant. Roy Brown was one of the four aces that came from Carleton place during WW1. He was known to be a very excellent flight
leader and a fearless pilot. Brown often set outside of engagements, after leading the initial attacks so he could come to the aid of those who were
in trouble. He had one of his best buddies with him, May. May was Brown's dearest friend and they were best buddies ever since they were extremely
young. May was one of the main reasons why Brown shot down von Richthofen. Therefore, Brown was proud of what he had done. He became a true
Canadian hero by achieving many great

Canadian Culture Essay examples
Canadian Culture
Canada is one of two countries located in North America and is the second largest country in the world. It is situated just north of the United States and
constitutes the northern part of the country, excluding Alaska. Over the years Canada's culture has been influenced by European culture and traditions,
mainly that of the French and British. Canadian culture has also been influenced by the countries' first people, the Aboriginals, as well as the newer
immigrated population (Wikipedia, 2007). Canada consists of ten provinces and three northern territories, almost all of which are "rich in land and
natural resources" (Bailey, par. 2). Canada is often referred to as a mosaic community because there is such a wide variety... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
First Nations have the oldest influence on Prairie culture as they have lived in this region for centuries. Fur traders and explorers from Eastern Canada
were the first Europeans to come to the Prairies. "They gave rise to the MГ©tis, famous for their skill in bison hunting" (Wikipedia, 2007, par.9).
Located in Southern Alberta, there is an historical site, Head Smashed in Buffalo Jump, where they exhibit the large cliffs that the MГ©tis would use
to run the bison off of the edge. They were very resourceful and used all parts of the animal for their survival. Once the Canadian Pacific Railway was
built more ethnic groups started to settle in this region. "The Prairies were settled in district ethnic block settlements giving certain areas a distinctly
Ukrainian, German, French and Scandinavian Canadian cultures" (Wikipedia, 2007, par.9). Just outside of Edmonton, Alberta there is the Ukrainian
Cultural Heritage Village which is a museum that was built to resemble pioneer settlements in east central Alberta. Buildings from the surrounding
communities have been relocated to this area and have been preserved for their historical significance. There are also people who dress in historic
costumes that actually play the roles of the men, women and children who lived at that time. Another culture that is prevalent in the southern prairies is
the "cowboy culture" (Wikipedia, 2007, par.10). Because ranching is so popular in this

The Pros And Cons Of Canadian Ski Adas
Canada never has a shortage of snowfall and therefore there is never a shortage of top Canada ski resorts. Many ski enthusiasts will make the journey
north every year because Canada has so many great resorts and who can blame them? One question that is often posed is, that with so many great ski
resorts, which Canada ski resorts are the best of the best?
Canada ski resorts really stretch across the whole country and the best ski resorts in the eyes of many are located in British Columbia and Quebec.
Here are the tops among all the Canadian greats:
* Whistler/Blackcomb Resort: Found in the British Columbia Mountains, this resort is only about two hours away from Vancouver. There is over
8,000 acres of skiable terrain which means there is going ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Known for its powdery snow and scenic setting of the Purcell Range of the Rockies, this ski destination is one that every ski enthusiast should try to
get to. A trip down these slopes will leave you in utter ecstasy for some time to come.
* Mont Tremblant Resort: Located in Quebec and only a one hour drive from Montreal, this ski resort has something for everyone. Known to play
host to a good number of tourists per year, the only gripe with this ski mecca is that it tends to be a bit more on the expensive side, but it is always a
hopping place and the slopes are never at a loss for magic or action. The village at the bottom of the slopes caters to locals and visitors alike and
makes for a warm welcome when you are not shushing down the sloped.
* Le Massif Resort: While the number of skiable acres is only a scant 410, you can rest assured that this doesn't mean a shortage on challenges. In
fact, this ski resort is more tailored to the advanced skier versus the beginner, though there are some slopes for the beginners as well. It is in close
proximity to Quebec City so there is no shortage of things to do when you are not hitting the slopes. Although, you shouldn't expect to do much more
than ski at this resort as many of the locals peg this mountain as their favorite to

The Canadian Pacific Railway
In My Essay, I will talk about the views of Federal Politicians, businessmen, settlers, Chinese labourers and First Nations People on the building of the
Canadian Pacific Railway. Politicians weren't the only factors that created Canada today. Could you believe that a large hunk of metal and wood,
spanning around Canada, was one of the most important factors that led to our Canada? This large hunk of metal and wood is the Canadian Pacific
Railway, commonly referred to as the CPR. Many different people had different views on the CPR, and these views were crucial to the CPR's
development. Today, I'm going to talk about the views of important Federal Politicians, businessmen, Chinese labourers and even First Nations
people on the building and development of the CPR. These views were detrimental in developing the CPR and thus, developing the face of Canada
today. Before we get started, I'd like to explain the CPR a bit more in depth, in case there are people who don't know much about it in general. The
CPR is a railway built under the premise of connecting Eastern Canada to British Columbia (or BC for short), when BC entered Confederation in
1871. A form of connection between the two areas was required from BC, and Eastern Canada, withJohn A. Macdonald as their Prime Minister at the
time, suggested making a railway, whose completion must have been made within 10 years, starting in 1881. Chinese labourers were imported to
Canada to make the railway, but I'll

The Canadian Pacific Railway
The Railway that Benefitted All
The Canadian Pacific Railway and its benefits to farmers, financiers, and consumers.
Eric Best
November 13th, 2012
Mr. Moore
CHC2Da
The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) is commonly argued to be the most important transportation route in Canadian history, but most do not know the
substantial benefits it provided. More specifically, it provided benefits to farmers, financiers, and consumers. The financiers of the railway were the
group of people that the railway benefitted the most, mainly because of the significant amount of use it received in the 19th century. During the 1800s
and early 1900s the farmers of Canada benefitted greatly from the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway because of the ease ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overall, the financiers of the railway had benefitted tremendously from the amount of money being brought in by the construction of the Canadian
Pacific Railway. The construction of the CPR also provided many benefits for consumers in Canada at the time of being built, as well as after for
many years to come. Receiving goods was made much easier through the use of the CPR to deliver products to the eastern part of Canada. This was
mostly just a convenience for consumers rather than really benefitting them financially. As a result of easier transportation to the eastern Canada, the
price of food and goods was far less coming from the west because of the low shipment costs issued by the CPR, which was a financial benefit for
the consumers of Canada. The standard of living in turn was increased by the lower costs of items needed for the standard every–day life of citizens
living in Canada. This was mostly apparent in the lower to middle class division in that time, where obvious gains were apparent, so the new
immigrants and poor began to lift out of poverty at a substantial rate. Another benefit that consumers had was that they were not required to pay tariffs
on the CPR; only the clients of the railway were required to pay fares to the financiers, which was another convenience for consumers. To put it simply,
Canada's consumers weren't drastically affected by the construction of the

Comparison of Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian...
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
Background – History and Overview of Industry
History and Overview of Canadian Pacific Railway
History and Overview of Canadian National Railway
2. GAAP methods validation 3. Financial Analysis
Canadian Pacific Railway
Canadian National Railway
4. Comparison of Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National Railway through Ratio Analysis
Gross margin
Net income margin,
Return on assets
Return on equity
P/E Ratio
5. Recommendation
6. Appendices
Income statements
Balance sheet
Cash flow Statement
1. Introduction
A. Railway Industry in North America
Rail industry is profitable and growing industry. In North America, five companies are dominant and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company was privatized by government in 1995 and after that it acquired Illinois Central Railroad and Wisconsin Central Transportation. CNR is
freight railway mainly but it was in passenger service business until 1978.

It transports various goods across the Canada, US and between US–Canada border like–petroleum and chemicals, metals and minerals, forest products,
coal, grains and fertilizers, intermodal commodity, the automotive commodity.CNR crosses the continent connecting ports on the Atlantic, Pacific and
Gulf coasts and links customers to all three NAFTA nations.
Following are subsidiaries of CNR–
1.Grand Trunk Corporation
2.Grand Trunk Western Railroad Company ("GTW")
3.Illinois Central Corporation ("IC")
4.Illinois Central Railroad Company ("ICRR")
5.Wisconsin Central Transportation Corporation ("WC")
6.Wisconsin Central Ltd
2. GAAP Methods Validation
A. Canadian Pacific Railway
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP were the sole external auditors of CPR since Canadian Pacific Railway Limited was incorporated in 2001.In Nov 2010,
the board committee with board's approval decided to go through competitive bidding process to select auditing firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP and
Deloitte & Touche LLP were invited for bidding and after evaluation by audit and management committee recommended appointment of Deloitte &
Touche LLP as their new auditors. The

Should Iceland Adopt Canadian Dollar?
Econ 345
Assignment 2
Topic: Should Iceland adopt Canadian Dollar?
Student number: 301238117
Student Name: Shuk Man Chan
The Abstract
Iceland is now having financial crisis because of its unhealthy banking system and monetary policies. Its currency becomes an unwanted dollar due to
its fluctuating exchange rate. To regain the confident and rebuild its financial system, a sound currency is crucial. Canada, one of the strongest
economies in OECD, has a healthy banking system and conservative monetary policies. Its currency is greatly approved and accepted by world
financial institutions and investors. Even though Canadian Dollar has some weaknesses compared to large economies like U.S or E.U, its advantages
are stronger and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2008, world economic downward has greatly impacted Iceland's economic. The three biggest banks in Iceland were bankrupt because they were not
able to pay the debts. As a result, Iceland banking system collapsed (Holmes & McArdle, 2008). Noted that, most world financial institutions decided to
drop Iceland's credibility. And loan from international market and investment were significantly dropping in Iceland's financial market. It leaded
Iceland's kroner to become very unattractive. To regain and reconstruct Iceland's financial system, using Canadian Dollar as its official currency is
fundamental since Canadian Dollar is creditable and steady currency.
Benefits of Using Canadian Dollar Canada is using flexible exchange system after 1920 (Canada's economy, 2011). Even though Canada financial
system is in flexible exchange system, Canadian Dollar is still one of the strongest and creditable currencies in the world because of its careful
global investment policies and vigorous banking system. As Canada is an open economic market, the value of its currency will be determined by its
and world economy. Recently, Canada becomes one of the highest growths in its GDP in OECD. The Reason Canada with a strong economic is its
sound banking and monetary guidelines, conservative financial framework and openness for trade. In fact, Canada has become one of the highest
percentages of

Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force, And Canada
Canada's large geographic size, the existence and fortitude of a significant number of native people, the conquest of one European language population
by another and moderately open immigration policy led Canada into thriving as an very diverse and successful nation. Though Canada does not have
the best military, Canada possesses a very strong economy, and Canada has successfully capitalized on its physical environment filled with vast and rich
amounts of natural resources lead the nation to be one of the world's richest nations. Overall the Canadian Forces consist of the Canadian Army, Royal
Canadian Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force, and Canada Command. All the forces together as a whole are currently ranked 14th worldwide.
Canada's military history stretches as far back as the early 1600's, which was made up of mainly French settlers. It began when Samuel de
Champlain shot and killed two Iroquois chiefs in 1609 at Ticonderoga, near the lake that now bears his name. The Iroquois possessed a strong
military organization. Through skillful use of ambush and knowledge of the land. The Iroquois nearly destroyed New France in the first half of the
1600s. These battles were constant for a whole century involving a lot of wounded and loss of life. The Treaty of Montreal in 1701 established peace
between the Iroquois and New France. Canada's military has played a vital role through the years in helping NATO Forces with overpowering
communism and genocide. In August 1914 Britain

Canadian Tour Industry Case Analysis
VOYAGES SOLEIL: THE HEDGING DECISION Industry and Situation Analysis According to the case, the Canadian tour operating industry had
been flourishing between 1988 and September 11, 2001. The Canadian economy growth rate also was increasingly as this industry that was very
positively correlated with the overall economy. On September 11, 2001, there was the terrorist attack the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in
New York City. As a result, both buildings collapsed within two hours, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others, also killing everyone on board
and many others working in the buildings. After this event, the economy in the United States and the overall countries slowed down. Specifically, the
total number of trips... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| Present:April 1, 2002(Actual St = USD 0.6252 / CAD)| Payable Due:October 1, 2002(Forward St+1 = USD 0.6271 / CAD) | | USD 60 Million в†’
CAD 95,969,290| USD 60 Million в†’ CAD 95,678,520| | Profit/Loss: 95,969,290– 95,678,520Profit: CAD 290,770| | Rate of Return:
290,77095,969,290 = 0.30% | | | Alternative 3: Arbitrage| Practicing CIA (Covered Interest Arbitrage) by borrowing CAD 96 Million to buy USD on
April 1, 2002, and invest the USD for six months. At CAD interest rates of 2.70% for borrowing and 2.55% for depositing, and USD interest rates of
1.85% for borrowing and 1.65% for depositing.| Present:April 1, 2002 (Actual St = USD 0.6252 / CAD)| Payable Due:October 1, 2002(Forward St+1
= USD 0.6271 / CAD) | | Present Transactions| Payable Due Transactions| Borrow CAD 96 Million @ 2.70% p.a. Buy USD @ CAD 1.5995 / USD
CAD 96 Million в†’ USD 60,018,756 Deposit USD 60,018,756 @ 1.65% p.a. Arranging six–month Forward Contracts @ USD 0.6271 / CAD| Earn
interest return from USD deposits: = 60,018,756 Г— 0.01652 = 495,155 Withdraw all USD deposits with interest: = 60,018,756 + 495,155 = 60,513,911

French-Canadian Nationalism Essay
French–Canadian Nationalism For nearly two centuries the inhabitants of New France lived their day to day lives under the French Regime. The
colony of New France was shaped by such institutions as the Catholic Church, and the seigneural system. After the Conquest of 1763, the inhabitants of
New France now found themselves under the control of the British monarch. However, the life for the inhabitants of New France, virtually remained
unchanged. It was not until the American Revolution, that the inhabitants of New France began to feel the British presence. As a result of the
American Revolution many British subjects, who became known as the United Empire Loyalists migrated north... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The French population consisted mainly of habitants, and other lower class trades. On the opposite end of the spectrum was the English population
who dominated the industrial and commercial sectors of Lower Canada(particularly the region around the St. Lawrence). This gave the English a huge
advantage over the French, economically and socially. The French and English who basically lived independent from one another, did feel immediate
tensions, yet for the Canadiens it was the threat of assimilation that always lingered. The implementation of the British Parliamentary system in Lower
Canada that saw the tensions between French and English reach a peak. Under the British Parliamentary system there was a governor of Lower
Canada, who was appointed by the British; an executive council and a legislative council, which were appointed and an elected assembly. The
appointments of these councils were decided by the British and hence a system of heritoscracy was in place. This developed a situation in which the
Canadiens were a distinct minority in the non–elective branches of the government: in the legislative council they had seven out of sixteen members,
and in the executive council they had four out of nine. The only possibility that could allow

The Canadian Pacific Railway ( Cpr )
The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), officially founded in 1881, marked a significant milestone in Canadian history. At the time it was legitimately
formed, no one could have ever imagined the evolution and progression that it has made to present day. Over the past 150 years, the CPR has
underwent and endured its fair share of sacrifices. However, there are countless reasons why the CPR should be viewed, remembered, and revered as
a successful project. Throughout this essay, numerous topics, from the origins of the railway's formation to its relevance and continued influence
during present day, will be illustrated and examined in great detail, as well as why the project itself was an overall success. First and foremost, the idea
of having a railway built throughout Canada was already in existence long before 1881. However, it was not until Confederation was passed on July
1, 1867 when "[The railway's] realization was found to be a political necessity" (Leary, 5). In other words, Confederation did not just mark the date
in history where the federal Dominion of Canada was born, but, it had also opened the doors necessary to make the project a reality. Clearly, there
was much more to Confederation than met the eye, and "as part of the deal, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were promised a railway to link them
with the two Central Canadian provinces – Quebec and Ontario" (Canadian Pacific). By 1871, Manitoba and British Columbia had also joined the
Confederation. At this point,

In this essay, I will prove that graduating students in Ontario should only study Canadian literature in a Grade 12 English course. While good writers
exist in all cultures, Ontario students should only study Canadian writers. Becoming more familiar with our literature. Three reasons for this are; the
need to focus on our own Canadian culture despite being surrounded by other cultures: the need to promote and establish our own writers, and the need
to encourage younger Canadian authors.
I believe that students in Ontario taking English should only study Canadian literature because we are completely swamped by the American culture
around us. I think that this is a Canadian tradition because we have always been a "branch plant" of another country starting with England and France
meaning that our own culture has never had the chance to develop since we have always been under the thumb of a more powerful foreign culture. So,
for years, a student in Ontario would study Shakespeare and other British writers, today they may also study American authors such as Hemingway. But
many schools limit a student's exposure to the Canadian novel to ISP reading lists. In this sense, Canada is an attic in which we have stored American
and British literature without considering our own. 1 No wonder a Canadian student has problems appreciating their culture.
Often what Canadian literature is studied is very old. This includes works such as Margaret Laurence's

The Relationship Between The English And French Canadians
ENGLISH– FRENCH RELATIONS
By: Kimia Pourheidary
As a great man once said "Love thy neighbor as thyself", as easy as that may sound, it was very difficult for the French– English Canadian to get along
and love each other instead of hate. The relationship between the English and French Canadians was very tense in the 20th century. This power struggle
led to the separation of two large populations In Canada and created conflicts within the country. The many debates which were not solved between the
two sides had a great impact on French– English relations. Throughout the years, their relationship was and still is very rocky. There are many reasons
which explain why they have such strong hatred towards each other, but the most common ones were; biculturalism, belief/politics, and most
importantly bilingualism.
The first example which thoroughly explains the struggles between the Quebecers and Canadians is biculturalism. The relationship between the
English and French Canadians first became rocky when the Quebecers felts that their majority position was threatened by an English– speaking
minority that constitutes thirty four percent of the population of Montreal (Francophone–Anglophone relations). "Two nations warring in the bosom of
a single state" was said by Lord Durham which describes the French and English Canadian relationship. It was very hard for the French Canadian to get
used to the fact that now they were combined with the Anglophones. The Quebecer's did not want

National Parks In The Canadian Economy
The Canadian government and people spent millions on national parks each year on the upkeep of their national parks. Unfortunately, this past year
alone they have lost about $30 million in national funding. However in 2015 spending was $3.3 billion total. Of that, 82% ($2.7 billion) was visitors
spending alone. Furthermore, visitors spending accounts for 75% of the GDP impact, 76% of employment impacts and 62% of the tax impact. (Parks
Canada, 2016). As these numbers show National Parks are a very large part of the Canadian Economy. With the budget cuts this means that parks will
be open for shorter seasons and many staff members will lose their jobs. Many of those who have already received notice of leaving are scientists.
The cut in national ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many Canadians will not buy a product if they do not think that it will arrive in a timely manner. A good promotional message that would be more
appealing to the Canadian consumer would be free shipping and a speedy delivery. In some parts of Canada like Quebec for instance it largely
French populated so there is a need to be marketed to in French but also offer a translation. They like to be treated separately from the Canadian
/English culture however not all of Canada speaks French ("Special Report: Marketing to," 2008).
A product extension/communications adaptation would be ideal for the Canadian market. The communication methods needs to adapt to target the
different areas and types of buyers. The Canadians and the government need to be targeted would be considered the 2 types of buyers. Canadians are
obsessed with hockey, creating an advertisement and having a local or professional hockey player endorse the product would be very effective at
targeting the Canadian consumer and appealing to large

Canadian Shield Case Analysis
Using the Accenture document on governance presented with the Alcan case, place Canadian Shield in the appropriate quadrant.
According to the Accenture document, I would place Canadian Shield within the efficient, predictable operator category. The slow rate of change and
need to compete on operational efficiencies characterized by most companies in this quadrant is detailed by the following quote from the case authors.
"Sustainability for Canadian insurance companies greatly depended on investments in projects that increased customer service and improved
operational efficiency." This comment is aligned with the predictable operator company practices and is evidence that in order to gain a competitive
advantage in the Canadian insurance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the model the IT Monarchy style allows IT executives to hold the right to make important IT decisions. A more affective mechanism
could be put in place by AC in the form of an IT leadership council that includes corporate and business unit CIOs.
What do questions 1 & 2 tell us about IT governance at CS? Is it appropriately structured for this kind of decision?
As mentioned above, AC and Canadian Shield both reflect signs of the IT Monarchy style of IT governance. It appears that by letting the same IT
manager that helped create the existing problematic information system called ALPHA spearhead the project of finding its replacement was a conflict
of interest.
In an industry that is heavily dependent on gaining a competitive advantage through operational efficiencies and consistently delivering value added
projects to the customer, it is essential for AC and CS to rethink the current corporate governance model.
Across almost all of the major IT governance categories, it seems that CS and AC are either lacking elements completely or lagging behind current IT
standards significantly. IT principles or high–level statements about how to use technology to create business value is non–existent in the Canadian
Shield philosophy statement and hard to identify within the case write–up by the authors. Furthermore, the corporate IT infrastructure and architecture
has become so archaic that the

Essay On Defining Moments In Canadian History
Defining moments in Canadian History
During the 20th Century of Canada there have been numerous actions, decisions, and events that we consider defining moments. Canada has been
through many obstacles, battles, decisions and changes that have changed the way we Canadians live today. The three most significant moments in the
20th century of Canada are the invention of insulin for diabetes, Terry fox running across Canada to raise money and awareness for cancer research,
and the free trade agreement signed between the United States and Canada. AII these events and decisions were significant for Canada and changed the
way we Canadians are today. One of the significant events that occurred in this decade was the invention of insulin. Frederick ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Terry Fox is an important and famous figure in Canadian folklore, who instiIIed Canadian pride, Canadians are seen as an athletes, and the great
contribution to cancer research. Statistics estimated in the year 2015 around 100,000 Canadian men will be diagnosed with cancer and 40,000 men
will die from cancer, 96,000 Canadian women will be diagnosed with cancer and 37,000 women will die from cancer. On average 540 Canadians will
be diagnosed with cancer everyday (cancer.ca/en/cancer–statistics) On March 9, 1977, Terry Fox discovers he has a tumour in his right leg; the leg is
amputated above the knee. Terry Foxe begins training for his Marathon of Hope, a cross–Canada run to raise awareness and money for cancer research.
(Canadianencyclopedia.ca 05/26/08 ) Terry Fox's marathon took place in 1980 with the objective of informing all Canadians of the importance of
finding a cure for cancer, he ran an average of 42 kilometres every day for 145 days. Before Terry Fox died in 1981, he raised $24.7 million
(Canadianencyclopedia.ca 05/26/08) The Terry Fox Foundation, which now organizes the annual run, has raised over $600 million for cancer
research. People consider Terry Fox a hero, in 1999 He was voted 'Canada's Greatest Hero' in a survey.

Relationship Between Rising Us Unemployment and the...
Is there a relationship between rising US unemployment and the rise of the Canadian dollar?
Canada's financial stability depends on the health of America's economy, as international trade accounts for 45% of Canada's Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) and 79% of exports are to the United States. Canadian and American unemployment rates are positively correlated for that reason, as
exemplified in early 2009. Canada's unemployment rate quickly steepened as the United States' rate gradually increased to about 10% (refer to graph 1
and 2). During this time, Canada's growing trade surplus became a deficit in only a few months (refer to graph 3). From this data, one can determine
that Canada's exports decreased rapidly due to rising economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although lower interest rates can improve domestic spending, it will discourage foreign investors because the return on their investments decreases.
As of September 2011, the US interest rate is close to 0% and Canada's rate is at 1% as determined by the Bank of Canada. Low interest rates
indicate that the US is in poor financial health. More countries will want to invest in Canada if the US is in a risky financial situation and additionally,
provides low returns. The value of the Canadian dollar rises when demand increases.
Due to America's increasing government debt and declining interest rates, Canada's economy is comparatively more stable. Canada's credit rating is
currently higher than America's. A credit rating indicates the financial health of a country and how large the risk is for lenders to invest. Standard and
Poor's, a credit rating agency, currently downgraded America's rating to AA+ from the highest score of AAA. The downgrade was a result of the
U.S.'s increasing debt from the recession. Canada's credit rating is still the highest at triple–A because of the country's stability. Canada is more
attractive to invest in, as there are solid returns on the interest rates and low risk for lenders. Increased demand in Canadian assets can result in a
higher exchange rate. Investors want to put money into a country where they believe it is a safe haven.
Although Canada can become more

Marc Garneau: Canadian Astronaut
It's not everyday that an ordinary kid from a farm in a city like Milton, Ontario finds himself walking in outer space. To get from here to there, it takes
a significant amount of hard work, dedication and ambition as well as perseverance– overcoming all the barriers in life and plowing through. Chris
Hadfield had those very traits– which enabled him to make Canada proud in an unforgettable way. Although Marc Garneau was the first Canadian in
space, Chris Hadfield rewrote the very rules that bind us, by being the first Canadian to walk in space. What is it they said again, "One step for man,
one giant leap for mankind"? Well Chris Hadfield took one step for man and one giant leap for Canadians. Chris Hadfield is now a retired Canadian
astronaut... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He contributed significantly to space travel and research and shaped the understanding of the public about the outer space society. Most importantly, he
made Canada an immensely proud nation by putting the Canadian name on so many firsts. He led Canada to earn recognition for it's hardworking and
ambitious citizens that want Canada to prosper. Chris displayed strength and courage in his missions and brilliance in the way his career progressed
and the accomplishments he earned. For this, Canada should be proud of him being this nation's citizen and thankful for all he has done for

Vimy Ridge: A Defining Moment In Canadian History
Vimy ridge is a defining moment in Canadian history because it was a demonstration of Canada's abilities in war as Canada was recognized as an
independent nation from Britain. Essentially, Vimy Ridge was the first–time Canadian squadrons fought together in history. Canadians demonstrated
their meaningfulness by capturing Vimy Ridge after the French and British could not. "The Germans considered the ridge to be impregnable. Over
160,000 French and British soldiers had died in attacks on Vimy Ridge since October of 1914. Now the task of capturing it fell to the Canadians. The
troops once thought to be untrained, rowdy colonials, were now regarded as one of the most effective fighting forces on the Allied side. "(Brewster,
14). Canadians were

Canadian Pride
Vancouver and The Great Trail
Canadian Pride! Granted Hockey supremacy may come to mind when you ponder Canadian pride, but did you know Canada is home to the greatest
and longest recreational trail in the world? It's true! Our country can proudly boast a coast to coast route featuring 24,000 kilometres and 15,000
communities all linked by one amazing trail rich in adventure, discovery and majestic beauty. From urban streets and greenways to the rugged
backcountry wilderness of the Rocky Mountains and the Canadian Shield, the Great Trail promises to showcase the beauty, vastness and diversity of
our nation.
The dream of the Trans Canada Trail, running coast to coast began in 1992, as a project to celebrate Canada's 125th year. Twenty

Canadian Soldiers Roles
World War 1 has been and is being a key event for Canada's military, and the roles that these Canadian soldiers portray hold a big significance to our
nation Our soldiers are brave, courageous, mature and show leadership in spectacular ways. The roles that these soldiers portray have a great effect on
the overall performance of a soldier as well. So far, our soldiers have portrayed roles such as: roles in the air, roles on the land, and roles on the sea.
These roles are helping Canada to move on in the war and help them aim for victory.
All soldiers have assigned tasks that they have to undergo to be successful. The most important roles happen on land because that is where most of the
war stumbles on. The most recent battle, "The Battle

Japanese Canadians Essay
Many if not most, considered World War II, the most atrocious act of all time. It was viewed as a war of beliefs and ideals. One side, vouching for
domination, while another for freedom; One side slaughtering and discriminating due to nationality, race, and religion; the other fighting against for
freedom, sovereignty, and peace. In reality, the war was not as black and white as that. Though the Axis Powers did commit heinous Crimes against
humanity (I.E Holocaust, Murder of millions, Attempt at world domination etc.), the allies also had their own dark moments. Joy Kogawa displays the
horrors of the allies' dark side shockingly accurately in the book "Obasan". The book talks about the impact of a Loathing Society and internment on...
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Furthermore, all Japanese newspapers and businesses were shut down. In Obasan the same events occurred as they were evicted from their home,
separated and sent to various places across western Canada. This had an adverse psychological and economical impact on them, as the family was
stripped of their possessions, jobs, and families. It had such an impact that people like Naomi, in real life still are haunted by it. The Psychological
impacts put upon the Japanese–Canadians, weren't just the horrible experiences, or the separation of family and friends. Rather the impact due to the
discrimination of the Japanese–Canadians by the government and the rest of society had a deeper impact. The hatred of the Japanese–Canadians by the
Government and the people had an Enormous impact on the people's well being, and the way they viewed themselves. The government after the
relocation sold most of the properties and confiscated possessions of the Japanese–Canadians. They also took out all of the Japanese Newspapers,
restricted Telephone and mail Services, thus Preventing Communication. Furthermore, the media was full of "Anti–Japanese–Canadian Rhetoric."
Finally the Greatest hatred against came from not the media, nor the government, but the people around them. Sent to remote and deserted areas, or
work/concentration camps,

The Canadian Corps and CEF
The Confederation took place in 1867, and the Canadian Expeditionary Force(CEF) was raised in 1914. The CEF is what protects what the
Confederation created, and would not the nation's greatest achievement be protecting that which the nation created. "Canada did not enter the war of its
own accord but was automatically at war when Britain declared war against Germany." Canada entered the war to stand by its mother country, to
protect the country who founded it. The Canadian Corps and CEF were created to defend Canada, and fought not only in the war but for the recognition
that Canada deserved, to then show that in the Great War we achieved something great, and finally to piece together to how Canada is now, to build
through the years and show that this was truly Canada's greatest achievement.
The Canadian Corps and CEF were formed to protect Canada in times of war. The Canadian Corps was formed as an operational force in France
and Flander's Field in 1914. Collectively every troop that were deployed were referred to as the Canadian Corps. The Canadian Corps was sent out
in 3 divisions, the first sent to England in 1914 and trained on the Salisbury Plain and then crossed over to France to join the war. The second
division was formed in 1915 and immediately sent over to France. The third was a fully manned and equipped combat division disbanded at the end
of the First World War. These divisions were each sent out as a small operational force that defended Canada. However

The Canadian Magazine Dispute Thesis
THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE DISPUTE THESIS STATEMENT
The negative effect of globalization on nearby culture is exacerbated by the day. It is developing with the exemption. It is always debilitating the
thoughts, governmental issues and economy of countries. Since culture as a term is utilized to depict practically every human attempt; it is hard to
draw a division between the true social activities deserving of exceptional defensive measure. This essay is an exploration of the effect of globalization
on nearby societies with the Canadian Magazine Dispute as a core interest.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Canadian Magazine Dispute is one of the unmistakable clashes with suggestions for social concerns. It is one of the few issues inside and out that
were embraced for the sake of shielding nearby societies from globalization. The debate originates from offering of the high rate of remote magazine,
which are American, making a negative effect on the Canadian magazine industry.
THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE US–CANADIAN MAGAZINE DISPUTE WAS MOTIVATED BY GENUINE DESIRE TO PROTECT CANADIAN
CULTURE?
The US–Canadian Magazine Dispute was unequivocally inspired by an authentic craving to ensure the Canadian culture in light of the fact that the
Canadian government has since quite a while ago recognized the generation of magazines as an essential touchstone of Canadian National Identity.
Moreover, agreeing the board of trustees, since magazine contrast from other media in their flexibility

This essay will prove that graduating students in Ontario should only study Canadian literature in a Grade 12 English course. While good writers exist
in all cultures, Ontario students should only study Canadian writers. Because we need to become more familiar with our literature. Three reasons for
this are; the need to focus on our own Canadian culture despite being surrounded by other cultures, the need to promote and establish our own writers,
and the need to encourage younger Canadian authors.
Students in Ontario taking English should only study Canadian literature because we are completely swamped by the American culture around us. This
is a Canadian tradition because we have always been a "branch plant" of another country starting with England and France meaning that our own
culture has never had the chance to develop since we have always been under the thumb of a more powerful foreign culture. So, for years, a student in
Ontario would study Shakespeare and other British writers: today they may also study American authors such as Fitzgerald. But many schools limit a
student's exposure to the Canadian novel to ISP reading lists. In this sense, Canada is an attic in which we have stored American and British literature
without considering our own. 1 No wonder a Canadian student has problems appreciating their culture.
Often what Canadian literature is studied is very old. This includes works such as Mordecai's Apprenticeship of Duddy

Vimy Ridge: The Most Powerful Moments In Canadian History
"The Battle of Vimy Ridge remains one of the most powerful moments in our military history, a victory for Canada on the world stage, though with
much sacrifice. While Canadians mourn the loss of so many lives, we take pride in the valour of those who fought at Vimy Ridge in the name of
peace, security, and freedom." The Honourable Julian Fantino, Minister of Veterans Affairs.
Vimy Ridge is the most important battle in Canadian history, not just because what it meant for the war, but also forCanada. Vimy Ridge is an
important battle in Canadian history due to the a great victory the no country yet had been able to accomplish, yet with the leadership of Canada, the
task was within reach. It was because of this battle Canadian nationalism was born. This shaped the minds of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Canada was no longer seen as a colony of Great Britain but as a country. In Canada's past, one battle brought Canada together as a nation and that
battle is ww1's Vimy Ridge. This battle shows how a group of men and one leader with the state of mind that thought the lives of his men are worth
more than endless bullets. This created the greatest victory in Canadian history.
Vimy Ridge was one of the most impenetrable fortresses the Germans ever had control over, and the Canadians breached it. Many other countries had
tried to claim ridge and failed with mass death and destruction for the allied forces. Sir Arthur Currie believed in Paying the price in bullets and not
men, this was the beginning of a new strategic outlook on the war. Sir Arthur Currie wanted to fight less bluntly and more strategically. The Canadian
general would bomb all hours of the night and would have the German camp under constant fire. Sir Arthur Currie also did not want just to send his
men over the trenches with guns, so he created the

Introduction. Following The First Canadian Armed Forces
Introduction
Following the first Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) deployments in Afghanistan between 2002 and 2004, the Ombudsman made the recommendation to
the Departement of National Defence leadership to provide a reintegration and decompression program in support of the military personnel deploying
on operations. In response to this recommendation, the Canadian Forces Health Services Group implemented the Third–Location Decompression (TLD)
Program (CAF Surgeon General, 2014). All CAF members returning from deployment to Afghanistan must participate in the TLD program in Cyprus.
The 5–day program consists of individual free time, structured recreational activities and mental health training program (CAF Surgeon General, 2014).
After a few ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second mental health program is a canadian adaptation of the Battlemind, refered to as the "New" program in the article. In general, the training
delivery changed from mainly delivered by clinicians, to a joint effort between clinician and non–clinician intructors. The training design was changed
to uphold the group cohesion of the deployed team, and the training is more adaptable to different types of military operations (Zamorski, Guest, Bailey,
& Garber, 2012).
Type of evaluation
In determining the type of evaluation used in this research, I supposed that the evaluation cannot be formative, because there is no recommendation
based on the findings (Posovac, 2011). Then, I hesitated between the summative evaluation and the monitoring one. Firstly, the evaluation could be
summative because of the comparison between the old and the new programs, there is no indication in the article stating that the evaluation's findings
will be used to decide amongst the two programs, and the findings could be used for accountability purposes (Posovac, 2011). Secondly, because the
new program is a refined program stemming from the quality improvement of the old one, this could be a monitoring evaluation, since the authors only
gathered the feedback to confirm that the program was still effective (Posovac, 2011).
Purpose and focus of the evaluation
Since it is not stated in the article, I deduct that the Department of

Canadian Multiculturalism Act And The Canadian Charter Of...
Introduction
Multiculturalism has always been perceived as one of the integral components of Canadian Culture . Under the Canadian Multiculturalism Act,
Canadian citizens are free to exercise their religious and cultural practices . However, niqab ban takes effect in some public aspects of Canada .
Supporters of the ban believes that wearing niqab is not a part of the Canadian Culture and should be banned in order to free Muslim Women from
oppression . Niqab ban, however, infringes on the religious and cultural freedom instilled in the Canadian Multiculturalism Act and the Canadian
Charter of Rights and Freedom and is unlawful . A careful examination on Canadian culture and laws, the origins and arguments of the ban, and its
implications is needed in order to further understand the issue.
The Canadian Culture
Canada has never acknowledged itself as a homogeneous nation but rather rooted in diversity . The government assume a neutral role in regards to
religion and accommodation, keeping in mind the goal of integration based on differences . Immigrants are placed in a different situation where they
are expected to adopt and assimilate elements of the Canadian culture and at the same time still try to keep their own cultural identity . Canada is
known for encouraging diversity and has a positive perspective on minority group's traditional practices . The Multiculturalism Act is supposed to give
the same and fair recognition and accommodation for non–dominant groups .

French Canadian Catholic Identity
"French Canada: the rise and decline of a 'church–nation'" by Sylvie Lacombe covers the influence the Canadian Catholic Church had on
French–Canadians from the early nineteenth century until the mid–twentieth century. It explores how the failed Upper Canada rebellions led to British
parliamentary control over the French via the Act of Union in 1840. This enabled theCatholic Church to take over several provincial social institutions
which came to influence nationalistic ideas and values. Thus, many French–Canadians believed themselves to be part of a "church–state". However,
Irish Catholic immigration, new Anglo–Saxon imperialistic ideologies and the loss of French–speaking schools in the ... Show more content on
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Martel demonstrates that new English nationalistic ideas (in response to immigration) brought new threats of assimilation towards this identity,
particularly to French–Canadian citizens not living in Quebec. French–Canadians, originally hesitant to colonize these Western Canadian areas were
now encouraged to protect them as they saw these nations as isolated communities of French culture. Finally, both Lacombe and Laplante demonstrate
that when the Catholic Church had less influence on political and social institutions, the church became less of a defining concept of the
French–Canadian identity. These three, when grouped together, also provide a chronological overview of the rise and fall of Catholic influence among
French–Canadian citizens. Lacombe provides the reasons for the rise during the nineteenth century, and its subsequent decline in the early twentieth
century. Martel demonstrates how French–Canadian citizens were motivated to preserve their Catholic identity when they began to lose control of the
Catholic dioceses outside Quebec during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Laplante explores the transition of Quebec to a more secular
province in the 1960s, where the Catholic Church gave way for the province of Quebec to provide the national identity of French–Canadian citizens.
The papers by Lacombe and Martel have similar time frames during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with the Lacombe article examining a longer

Rising Us Unemployment and the Canadian Dollar
Is there a relationship between rising US unemployment and the rise of the Canadian dollar?
Canada's financial stability depends on the health of America's economy, as international trade accounts for 45% of Canada's Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) and 79% of exports are to the United States. Canadian and American unemployment rates are positively correlated for that reason, as
exemplified in early 2009. Canada's unemployment rate quickly steepened as the United States' rate gradually increased to about 10% (refer to graph 1
and 2). During this time, Canada's growing trade surplus became a deficit in only a few months (refer to graph 3). From this data, one can determine
that Canada's exports decreased rapidly due to rising economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If consumer spending and exports decrease, Canada's economy can decline simultaneously with the American economy. As mentioned above,
international trade accounts for 45% of Canada's GDP. On April 1, 2011, the loonie hit a three
–year high after U.S. employment increased and the
jobless rate decreased. The dollar increase from a decrease in U.S. unemployment exemplifies America and Canada's trading partnership and coinciding
economies.
The strength of the U.S. economy is important for Canada's trade, economy and exchange rate. Increasing U.S. unemployment can positively or
negatively influence the value of the loonie. Canada's dollar can increase due to demand from buyers looking to invest in a stable economy with low
risk. On the other hand, Canada's GDP is dependent on U.S. trade. If less Americans are purchasing goods in Canada due to increased unemployment,
the Canadian dollar will fall. Therefore, it is inconclusive that unemployment rates solely influence the rise of the Canadian dollar. There are many
other factors that influence the exchange rate, such as commodity prices, investor confidence, overvalued currency and inflation rates.
Bibliography
"50 Factors that Affect the Value of the US Dollar." Currency Trading.net http://www.currencytrading.net/features
/50–factors–that–affect–the–value–of–the–us–dollar/ (accessed September 17, 2011).
"Canada Balance of Trade." TradingEconomics.com.

The Issue Of The Canadian Election
The 2015 Canadian election was one of great importance that showcased a changing of guard in the Canadian political context. Key issues in this
election were; Bill c–21, multiculturalism, the refugee crisis, Marijuana legislation, war on terror and ISIS, and environmental policies. Although these
are all pinnacle matters, one of the most pressing issue was economic policies. Economics policy is what is commonly seen as the commons man's
issues and what might win most people over in an election cycle. Justin Trudeau and Stephen harper were the campaigns largest attractions Harper
representing the fiscal conservatives and Trudeau representing the big deficit spending policies of the Liberals, with largely different economic views
that would... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Trudeau representing a younger generation, with economic commitments to the middle class, and Harper representing Big business and Canadian
bureaucracy. Harper to nobody's surprise is and was a fiscal conservative, meaning that the conservative government did not want to spend much, on
social welfare programs, and various other initiatives while balancing the budget. This was perhaps the election of fiscal conservatism as even left
wingers such as The NDP and The Green Party, who are usually the parties who suggest an easy monetary policy. Trudeau was only person in this
election who was promising an easy money policy, this idea is not a new one, and it was originally introduced by economist John Maynard Keynes in
the 1930's. The easy money policy guarantees an increase in aggregate demand in the economy as the government increases spending and runs large
deficits. This is the same economic plan that would allow Justin Trudeau's father Pierre Trudeau to prosper as Canadian Prime Minister for 15 years,
and is in fact called Trudeaunomics, based on their own personal brand of financial policies.
Why was the economy such an important aspect of the 2015 election, while not being at the forefront of other Canadian elections similar too it? While
it would be a stretch in anybody's minds to say that the economic aspect of politics in a key

Canada's Strategy for Arctic Sovereignty

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