This document provides information on identifying different textile fibers through burning, microscopic, and solubility tests. It describes the burning characteristics of cotton, linen, silk, wool, acetate, acrylic, nylon, rayon, polyester, and their appearances under a microscope. Specific solvents that fibers are soluble or insoluble in are also listed to aid in identification. The document was submitted by M. Usman Irshad to Sir Imran Raza for a discipline of textile science.

1. IDENTIFICATION OF TEXTILE FIBERS
BURN TEST
MICROSCOPIC TEST
SOLUBILITY TEST
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2. SUBMITTED BY:M.USMAN IRSHAD
SUBMITTED TO:SIR IMRAN RAZA
DECIPLINE:TS-01(A)
DATE:28-04-2016
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3. BURNING TEST:
When ignited it burns with a steady flame and smells like burning leaves. The ash
lefties easily crumbled. Small samples of burning cotton can be blown out as you
would a candle.
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4. A. It is a single elongated cell. Under the microscope,
it resembles a collapsed, spirally twisted tube with a
rough surface.
B. The thin cell wall of the fiber has from 200 to
400convolutions per inch.
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5. 1)70% H2So4 (20 Mins) 1)80% formic acid
2)Cuprammonium 2)Xylene Boiling
Hydro oxide 3)Chlorine Bleach %5
4)Acetone 100%
5)HCl 20%
SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE
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6. BURNING TEST:
Linen takes longer to ignite. The fabric closest to the ash is very brittle. Linen is
easily extinguished by blowing on it as you would a candle.
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7. A. Under the microscope, the hair like flax fiber shows several
sided cylindrical filaments with fine pointed ends.
B. The fiber somewhat resembles a straight, smooth.
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8. A. 75% (m/m) sulphuric acid Xylene (boiling) Meta cresol.
(slowly and may be partly only)
swells in cuprammonium hydroxide.
SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE
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9. BURNING TEST:
It is a protein fiber and usually burns readily, not necessarily with a steady flame,
and smells like burning hair. The ash is easily crumbled. Silk samples are not as
easily extinguished as cotton or linen.
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10. A. It appears somewhat elliptical and triangular in cross section when
we see under the microscope.
B. It is composed of fibroin, consisting of two filaments, called brin
which is held together by sericin.
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11. SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE
1)Chlorine Bleach %5 1) Acetone 100%
2)70% & 60% H2So4 2)Xylene Boiling
3) HCl 20% 3)meta cresol
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12. BURNING TEST:
It is also a protein fiber but is harder to ignite than silk as the individual "hair"
fibers are shorter than silk and the weave of the fabrics is generally looser than
with silk. The flame is steady but more difficult to keep burning. The smell of
burning wool is like burning hair.
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13. A. Under the microscope , wool’s cross section shows three layers- epidermis,
cortex and the medulla.
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14. 1)Chlorine Bleach %5 1) Acetone 100%
2) Cold Meta cresol
2) Boiling NaOH 5% 3) 80% Formic acid
3)Molar Sodium 4) Acetone 100%
Hypochloride 5) HCl 20%
SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE
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15. BURNING TEST:
Acetate burns readily with a flickering flame that cannot be easily extinguished.
The burning cellulose drips and leaves a hard ash. The smell is similar to burning
wood chips.
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16. A. The cross sectional view has a bulbous or multi global appearance with
indentations.
B. These indentations appear as occasional markings.
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17. SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE
A)Acetone 100% A)HCl 20%
B)Formic Acid 90% B)Chlorine Bleach %5
C)H2SO 70% n 60%
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18. BURNING TEST:
Acrylics burn readily due to the fiber content and the lofty, air filled pockets. A match
dropped on an acrylic blanket can ignite the fabric which will burn rapidly unless
extinguished. The ash is hard. The smell is acrid or harsh.
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19. A. ACRYLICS: The methods of manufacturing of the acrylic fibers differ, the appearances
vary accordingly.
B. ACRILAN ACRYLIC: It has a bean-shaped cross section, its longitudinal appearance is
straight and smooth.
C. ORLON ACRYLIC: It has a flat, nut-shaped cross section.
D. CRESLAN ACRYLIC: It has an almost round cross section.
E. MOD ACRYLICS: it is of two types verel mod acrylic and SEF mod acrylic.
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20. B)Acetone 100%
C)Formic Acid 90%
D)HCl 20%
SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE
A) dimethyl formamide A)Chlorine Bleach %5
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21. BURNING TEST:
Nylon melts and then burns rapidly if the flame remains on the melted fiber. If i
can keep the flame on the melting nylon, it smells like burning plastic.
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22. A. The basic microscopic appearance is generally fine ,round,
smooth, and translucent.
B. It is also produced in multilobal cross-sectional types.
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23. SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE
A)80% formic acid cold meta cresol. A)cuprammonium hydroxide.
Dichloromethane
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24. BURNING TEST:
It is a regenerated cellulose fiber which is almost pure cellulose. Rayon burns
rapidly and leaves only a slight ash. The burning smell is close to burning leaves.
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25. A. Rayon fiber has uniform diameter with glass like shine. If delustered then
rayon fiber shows marks similar to pepper, when viewed cross
sectionally. Viscose fiber of rayon looks irregular when viewed cross
sectionally.
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26. 1)70% n 60% H2So4 1)Chlorine Bleach %5
2)Acetone 100%
3)Formic Acid 90%
4)HCl 20%
SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE
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27. BURNING TEST:
Polyester melts and burns at the same time, the melting, burning ash can bond
quickly to any surface it drips on including skin. The smoke from polyester is
black with a sweetish smell. The extinguished ash is hard.
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28. A. Generally, polyester fiber is smooth, straight. It looks round cross
sectionally. However, with various finishing processes, its appearance
changes in context of texture and luster.
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29. A. Hot meta cresol dicholroacetic acid A) Cold meta cresol 80% formic acid
SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE
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30. A
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31. -
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