The frequency of the occurrence of terrorist acts such as Istanbul on June 28 near past and violence in general and those who continually take place in Brazil mean the victory of barbarism over civilization. Civilization is considered the most advanced stage of a given human society. The term barbarism has two distinct meanings, but linked: lack of civilization and barbaric cruelty. Barbarism means a break with the moral standards that regulate life in society and the traditional social controls gave way to unbridled violence and contempt for the human being. The great challenge of the contemporary era is to make mankind evolve from the barbarism to civilization.

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TERRORISM, CAPITALISM AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
Fernando Alcoforado *
The frequency of the occurrence of terrorist acts such as Istanbul on June 28 near past
and violence in general as those who continually take place in Brazil mean the victory
of barbarism over civilization. Civilization is considered the most advanced stage of a
given human society. There are some elements generally accepted by everybody of
what would become a civilized society: 1) ensure employment for the entire population;
2) provide guaranteed security for all citizens who should not fear the loss of their lives
or have physical damage; 3) providing health care of the highest quality possible for all
members of society; 4) granting access to food and water for all citizens so that no one
goes hungry or thirsty; 5) provide basic living conditions for all citizens; 6) have a
democratic legislative system whose laws are established to preserve the well-being of
the population; 7) provide an educational system that guarantees equal access to high
level of education for all people in order to make them highly educated population; 8)
ensure for the population to freedom of thought, belief and religion; and 9) guarantee
the right of people to participate in government decisions.
The term barbarism has two distinct meanings, but linked: lack of civilization and
barbaric cruelty. Eric Hobsbawm notes that barbarism means a break with the moral
standards that regulate life in society and the traditional social controls gave way to
unbridled violence and contempt for human [See La barbarie: guia del usuario (La
barbarity: User Guide) available on the website <http: //
pt.scribd.com/doc/50203686/La-barbarie-guia-del-usuario>]. The great challenge of the
contemporary era is to make mankind evolve from the barbarous stage to civilization.
The world capitalist system and the lack of global governance are the two main
responsible for barbarism that characterizes contemporary era. Rampant violence and
crises that manifest themselves in various forms in the world in which we live are
caused by the global capitalist system, primarily responsible for the spread of social
inequality. The absence of a global governance acting with the authority to mediate and
resolve regional and global conflicts is the other major cause of wars and the spread of
terrorism around the world.
Terrorism is today associated with Islamic fundamentalism. The opposition of Islamic
fundamentalism against the West is of secular historical origins, but it ascended in the
Middle East political scene from the Shiite revolution in Iran in 1979. The Movement of
the ayatollahs was seen as a major mobilization of Islamic energies slumbering by the
presence unacceptable of Western modernity. Her sudden appearance was due largely
by the political failure of Arab states to give an efficient fight against the State of Israel
which is seen as the great political and theological enemy and withdraw their countries
from economic stagnation situation. This situation has worsened over time by the
position of the Western powers in support of Israel in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict
and, above all, the violent US military interventions with NATO support in
Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya to take possession of oil reserves and Syria by geopolitical
factors.
Currently, terrorism reached large dimension in the Middle East with the rise of so-
called Islamic State that aims to expand their caliphate throughout the Middle East,
which characterizes itself by Sharia, the Islamic Law interpreted from the Quran,
establishing connections in Europe and other regions of the world in order to carry out
attacks on them may confer authority through terror. The history of the terrorist group

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Islamic State is related to the violent military intervention in Iraq after the war started in
2003. As we know, the Iraq War took place two years after the terrorist attacks of
September 11, 2001 in New York , led by members of al-Qaeda, then led by Osama Bin
Laden. Al-Qaeda had great performance space in Iraq and part of Syria. The Islamic
State (ISIS) was born as a branch of Al-Qaeda based on the same principles of this
organization. However, actions of ISIS were gradually more radical, even for Al-Qaeda
standards, which caused the separation of the two terrorist organizations.
Another factor that has aggravated this situation is the rising tide of "Islamophobia" in
the world, especially in Europe with discrimination suffered at work and on the streets
and violent attacks on Muslims and their descendants born in Europe. The European
Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia drafted document "Muslims in the
European Union: Discrimination and Islamophobia", 118 pages, which shows that in
2004, 50% of Europeans saw all Muslims as a suspected terrorist [See the article Estudo
mostra crescimento da "islamofobia (Study shows growing "Islamophobia"), available
on the website <http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/mundo/ft1912200612.htm>].
Muslims discriminated in Europe and around the world are constituting potential allies
of the Islamic State that is losing the occupied territories in Iraq and Syria to the war
effort that takes place with military coordinated actions of the United States, Russia,
Iraq and Syria.
Terrorism as practiced recently in Paris, Brussels and Istanbul makes becomes an
imperative to create a new legal superstructure and international policy to deal with
these new issues, ie the structure of world government given that no major power will
be able to defeat him however for more powerful that is or acts in coalition with other
major powers. The preservation of peace is the first mission of every new form of world
government. It would aim to defend the general interests of the planet making it
compatible with the interests of each nation. The world government would also work
towards mediating international conflicts and build consensus among all nation states to
make every national state respects the rights of its citizens, and seek to prevent the
spread of global systemic risks. Actions to be a global governance was object of Nations
Concert in 1815, the League of Nations in 1920 and the United Nations in 1945 that
were in vain because the great powers not relinquished to impose their will on the
world.
Until the emergence of a world government, international relations will be governed by
the law of the strongest. And this is the worst case scenario because no country for more
powerful it will be able to build world peace or to solve the planet's problems. The
economic, financial, ecological, social and political crises, the development of illegal
and current criminal activities and terrorism advance show that they are insoluble
without the existence of a world government. One must understand that the problems
affecting the world economy and the global environment and contribute to the
advancement of terrorism can only be resolved with the existence of a truly democratic
world government representative of all the peoples of the world. International law
cannot be applied and respected in the absence of a world government that is accepted
by all countries and to ensure their governance.
* Fernando Alcoforado, member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor of Territorial
Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, a university professor and
consultant in strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is
the author of Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova
(Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São

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Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado.
Universidade de Barcelona, http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e
Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX
e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of
the Economic and Social Development-The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Muller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe
Planetária (P&A Gráfica e Editora, Salvador, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e
combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011),
Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012) and
Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2015).