The document discusses the concept of human security as an alternative to traditional notions of state security. It defines human security as protecting individuals from threats like poverty, disease, and human rights abuses rather than just protecting a state from military aggression. It explains that human security encompasses economic, food, health, environmental, and personal dimensions. It also argues that human security is best achieved by improving conditions at the local level and promoting development.

1. HUMAN SECURITY
Term-E MIR First Sem
Major Assignment
Ahmad Saleem Saha

2. WHY HUMAN SECURITY
The world is entering a new era in which the very concept
of security will change – and change dramatically. Security
will be interpreted as: security of people, not just territory.
Security of individuals, not just nations. Security through
development, not through arms. Security of all the people
everywhere – in their homes, in their jobs, in their streets,
in their communities, in their environment.

3. HUMAN SECURITY EXPLAINED
1. The greatest fear for all of us, is war. However, a closer look reveals that there are
other equally terrifying threats such as famine, disease, climate change or natural
disasters.
2. On top of that, people are threatened by poverty, violence, human trafficking,
economic and financial downturns, and sometimes, even terrorism.
3. Human Security recognizes that there are multiple causes that make people
insecure.
4. These can be: Economic Security, Food Security, Health Security, Environmental
Security, Personal Security, Community Security or Political Security.
5. All these threats correlate and can produce a spillover effect. For instance, a
violent conflict can lead to poverty which could turn to loss of basic resources and
spread of infectious diseases.

4. CONTINUED…
6. National borders know no barriers in this respect.
7. A conflict or a flood in one country can easily spread to another,
affecting regional or even international security.
8. For example, in countries suffering from floods, military support
surely can help but medical and financial aid could perform
miracles.
9. Better safe than sorry is a common expression which is very true
as prevention really is our strongest tool.

5. CONTINUED…
10. Everyone wants to protect their life and their wellbeing. Human Security teaches us how to
work towards prevention and turn the odds in our favor.
11. By improving individual lives, we are making communities stronger.
12. As communities grow stronger, governments are more likely to successfully tackle
insecurities.
13. This will allow governments improve their capabilities and thus cooperate beyond national
borders and improve the global situation.
14. Basically, Human Security propagates the concept of ‘ACTING LOCALLY & THINKING
GLOBALLY’.
15. It is intended to secure and improve individual lives in order to make nations more
resilient

6. HUMAN SECURITY VS STATE SECURITY
Types of Security Object Protection of Threats
Traditional Security The State Integrity of the State
Interstate wars,
Nuclear proliferation,
Revolution
Human Security The Individual Integrity of the
individuals
Disease, poverty,
violence.......
• Unlike traditional concepts of security, which focus on defending borders from external military
threats, human security is concerned with the security of individuals.
• This is not to say that national security, traditionally defined, is any less relevant. On the contrary,
security between states remains a necessary condition for the security of people. And yet, the security
of a state cannot in itself guarantee the security of its people.

7. UNITED NATIONS (UN) & HUMAN
SECURITY
• Mahbub ul Haq first drew global attention to the concept of human security in the United
Nations Development Program's 1994 Human Development Report and sought to influence the
UN's 1995 World Summit on Social Development in Copenhagen.
• The report unleashed the concept of human security as a common agenda for discussion among
international relations scholars.
• According to the Report, human development is defined as “a process of widening the range of
people’s choices.”
• And human security means that “people can exercise these choices safely and freely - and that
they can be relatively confident that the opportunities they have today are not totally lost
tomorrow.”
• In another part of the report it says, “It is a change from “an exclusive stress on territorial security
to a much greater stress on people’s security” and “from security through armaments to security
through sustainable human development.”

8. The UNDP's 1994 Human Development Report's definition of human security argues
that the scope of global security should be expanded to include threats in seven areas:
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT
(1994)
1. Economic Security
2. Food Security
3. Health Security
4. Environmental Security
5. Physical Security
6. Community Security
7. Political Security

9. CONCEPT OF HUMAN SECURITY
Human Security is
more easily identified
through absence of
forces that have an
impact on it indirectly
and also enhancing
the factors that
influence it positively.

10. HUMAN SECURITY & AFGHANISTAN
HDI Rank Country
Human
Development Index
(HDI)
(Index Value)
Life
Expectancy
at
Birth
Expected Years of
Schooling
Gross National
Income (GNI)
per capita
HDI Rank
2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 Very
High
Human
Development
1 Norway 0.954 82.3 18.1 68,059 1
2 Switzerland 0.946 83.6 16.2 59,375 2
3 Ireland 0.942 82.1 18.8 55,660 3
63 Serbia 0.799 75.8 14.8 15,218 65 High
Human
Development
63 Trinidad &
Tobago
0.799 73.4 13.0 28,497 63
65 Iran 0.797 76.5 14.7 18,166 63
117 Marshall
Islands
0.698 73.9 12.4 4,633 116 Medium
Human
Development118 Vietnam 0.693 75.3 12.7 6,222 118
119 Palestine 0.690 73.9 12.8 5,314 119
154 Syria 0.549 71.8 8.9 2,725 154 Low Human
Development157 Rwanda 0.536 68.7 11.2 1,959 158
170 Afghanistan 0.496 64.5 10.1 1,746 170
189 Niger 0.438 6.5 912 189