The document summarizes key aspects of Earth's internal structure, surface features, tectonic plates, earthquakes, volcanoes, and landforms. The Earth has a solid crust on top of a thick mantle and liquid outer and solid inner cores. Over 70% of the surface is ocean, covering underwater volcanoes, mountains and trenches. The remaining 30% includes various landforms like forests and deserts. Tectonic plates float on the mantle and interact, causing earthquakes and forming volcanoes and mountains. Earthquakes generate seismic waves and tsunamis. Volcanoes form at plate boundaries and erupt molten magma from the crust. Important landforms include mountains, valleys, plains and coastal features.

1. Terrain

2. Internal Structure The Earth has an external, solid rock layer called the crust . Under the crust there is a layer of thick, liquid rock called the mantle . Under that there is a thin liquid layer called the outer core and then the solid iron inner core . The inside of the Earth is very hot, the outer core may be 7000 degrees.

3. Surface Over 70% of the Earth surface is covered by water.The underwater surface has also got volcanoes , mountains and trenches . The 30% not covered by water is basically forests , deserts , plains , mountains and plateaus . Many things can change the surface of the Earth, for example erosion from wind and rain , erosion by the oceans or meteorite impacts, vegetation and the human being.

4. Tectonic Plates The Earth's crust basically floats on the mantle . The crust is split up into parts called tectonic plates .They can also change the surface but how? These plates interact when they move causing earthquakes and creating volcanoes and mountain ranges .

5. Earthquakes When the tectonic plates move, they don’t move carefully so an earthquake happens. Earthquakes send surface waves through the earth and the ground moves.They usually last a few seconds.

6. Earthquakes When the earth moves in an earthquake , it can cause waves in the ocean. A big wave in the ocean caused by an earthquake is called a tsunami . We give the earthquake a number ( the Richter scale ) to say if it is big or small.

7. The epicentre(epicenter) is the point on the Earth’s surface above the hypocentre (hypocenter) or focus , where an eathquake happens. Earthquakes

8. Volcanoes Volcanoes are usually made when two tectonic plates move towards each other. When these two plates meet, one of them goes under the other one. Then, it melts and forms magma (inside the magma chamber ), and the pressure builds up until the magma bursts through the Earth's crust .

9. Volcanoes The parts of a volcano are: magma chamber pipe crater flank branch pipe lava flow

10. Landforms The most important landforms are: mountain and mountain range valley drainage basin plateau plain island/archipelago peninsula ria/fjiord cape gulf/bay

11. Landforms And now we are going to see some of the landforms