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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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2. BY:SAJJAD AHMAD AWAN PhD RESEARCH
SCHOLAR
3/4/2014
Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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3. Education:
Education means the change in behaviour and
attitude.
2. Mathematics:
It is the branch of science which deals with
calculations known as mother of science.
Its branches are Mathematic, Algebra and
Geometry.
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3/4/2014
Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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4. Terminology:
A specific word that is used for a specific thing
is known as terminology.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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5. 1.
Specific Objectives:
To make the student familiar with the
definitions of mathematical terms.
 To inculcate the concept of these
terms.
 To make the students understand
these terms completely and make
them able to use these terms in
mathematical applications.

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6. 2.
General Objectives:
To enhance the mathematical
understanding of the students.
 To enhance the mathematical skills of
the students.
 To provide the students mathematical
practice regarding these terms.

Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar
TE DTSC Khushab
3/4/2014
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7.  Symbol:
Generally a symbol refers to some image or
objects which suggests to some thing else.
For example:
Basic Symbols used in Mathematics:
= These two parallel lines are named as
symbol equal to.
≠ This named as not equal to.
- This symbol is named as Subtract.
3/4/2014
Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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8. X It is a multiplication sign.
< This sign named as greater than.
>This sign named as less than.
Є This is named as the member of.
U This symbol shows the union of two
sets.
∩ This symbol shows the intersection of
two sets.
( ) This sign is known parenthesis.
@ It is taken “At the Rate of”.
3/4/2014
Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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9.  Set:
A set is collection of well
defined objects
 Sub Set:
If A and B are two sets and
every member of set A is the member
of set B, then set A is as sub set of set
B.
 Union of two Sets: The union of two
sets A and B is set consisting of all the
elements which are in set A or in set B.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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10.  Intersection of Two Set:
The
intersection of two sets A and B is a set
consisting of all the common elements of
sets A and B.
 Power Set: If A is any set then the set
consisting of all the subsets of the set A
is called power of A.
 Null Set:
If there is no element
present in a set it is called a null set.
3/4/2014
Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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11.  Ratio:
A relation between two quantities
in same units i.e.
a:b
 Proportion:A relation between two
ratios is called proportion. i.e. a:b:: c:d
 Direct Proportion:
If a proportion
between two ratios is such that with the
increase one ratio the second ratio may
rise is called direct proportion.
3/4/2014
Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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12.  Inverse Proportion:
If a proportion
between two ratio is such that with
the rise of one ratio the second
decreased that is called inverse
proportion.
 Percentage:
Percentage is
such common fraction, in which
denominator consists 100 i.e. 12%
means 12/100.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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13.  Profit:
The sale price of product is more than
the purchase price is called profit. i.e
Net Profit
= Sale Price-Purchase Price.
 Loss: The purchase price is more than the
sale price is called loss. i.e.
Loss
= Purchase Price – Sale Price
 Profit Loss Percent:
The Profit or loss
on product purchased in 100 R.s is called profit
percent.
3/4/2014
Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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14.  Algebra:
It is the branch of
mathematics which deals generalized
arithmetic to solve the complicated
problems.
 Constant:
The value which remains fixed
and does not change is called constant. e.g:
2,3,5,8.
 Variable:
The value which is not fixed
and varies is called variable. e.g: X,Y,Z.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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15.  Co-efficient:
The number which is multiply
by variable is called co-efficient. e.g:
3x,5y,etc.
 Equation:
An open sentence which
shows “=“ among two expressions is called
equation.
e.g: 3x=12, x+2=9.
 In-equation: Such sentences in which
symbols < or > used are called in-equation.
e.g: 3x>12, x<7.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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16.  Geometry:
Geometry means the
measurement of earth.
 Square:
The shape having four
equal sign with four right angles is called
square.□
 Rectangle: The shape which consists of
four sides having opposite sides equal is
called rectangle.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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17.  Sphere:
A sphere is solid bounded by a
single curve surface with equal distance for all
sides.©
 Centre:
The fixed point of sphere is called
a centre.
 Radius:
The distance from centre of circle
upto the outer side.
 Angle:
The two rays with common end
point is called angle.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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18.  The students will understands all
these terminologies very well.
 The students will be able to improve
their knowledge.
 The well qualified students will take
active part in the progress of Pakistan.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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19.  The post graduate teachers should be
provided in primary school of rural areas
of Punjab.
 AV aids should be provided in school of
remote areas for the better quality of
education.
 Teachers training courses should be
conducted after 3 years for newly
recruited and senior teachers.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Research Scholar TE DTSC Khushab
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