This document defines key terminology used in film studies, including different types of sounds used in films, elements of mise-en-scene, editing techniques, camera shots and angles, and aspects of film distribution and audiences. It covers diegetic and non-diegetic sound, music, and stings. For mise-en-scene, it discusses location, costumes, props, lighting, weather, color, and positioning. Editing techniques include cuts, transitions, pacing, shot reverse shot, and match cuts. Camera shots include establishing shots, close-ups, angles, pans, tracks, and focus techniques. Distribution topics are global/local audiences, conglomerates, integration, release strategies, and convergence across platforms.

1. TERMINOLOGY

2. SOUND
• Diegetic
• Non- diegetic
• Sound bridge – When the scene begins with the carry-over
sound from the previous scene before the new sound begins.
• Incidental music – Music used in a film or play as a
background to create or enhance a particular atmosphere.
• Sting - A sting is a short musical phrase, primarily used in
broadcasting and films as a form of punctuation. Indicate the
end of a scene, or indicate that a dramatic climax is imminent.

3. MISE EN SCENE
• Look at…
• Location
• Costume, hair and make up
• Props
• Lighting
• Weather
• Colour
• Positioning

4. EDITING
• Straight cut
• Transitions ( fade, dissolve)
• Slow motion
• Cross cutting - Editing that alternates between shots occurring
simultaneously in two or more different location.
• Pace
• Screen time
• Shot reverse shot
• Eye line match
• Short/ long take
• Match on Action - A cut between two shots that places two different
framings of the same action next to each other, making it seem to
continue uninterrupted.

5. CAMERA
• Establishing shot
• Extreme close up
• Close up
• Mid shot
• Long shot
• Two shot
• High angle
• Low angle
• Pov
• Pan
• Track
• Hand held
• Shallow focus - Incorporates a small depth of field. In shallow focus one plane
of the image is in focus while the rest is out of focus. Shallow focus is typically
used to emphasize one part of the image over another.
• Focus pull - Usually this means adjusting the focus from one subject to
another.

6. SECTION B
• Global / local audience
• ‘Produser’
• Conglomerate - A media conglomerate, media group or media institution is a
company that owns large numbers of companies in various massmedia such as
television, radio, publishing, movies, and the Internet.Media conglomerates strive
for policies that facilitate their control of the markets across the globe.
• Vertical integration -This is when the production company has the ownership of the
means of production, distribution and exhibition of the film by the same company,
because of this they receive all of the profit.
• Horizontal integration -This is where a production company expands into other areas
of one industry. This means that the company can develop in a particular area of
production or they can buy out another company that deals with these areas.

7. • Saturation release - Wide release or saturation release is a distribution strategy where
the distributor tries to open on as many screens as possible, usually around 1500-3000 –
so that the movie at least will be available in one out of two theatres in all major areas.
• Limited release - A limited release is done by screening the film in a few selected theaters
in the major cities, and then – if all goes well – move forward with plattforming.
• Non- theatrical release- Going straight to DVD/ Online platforms
• Portability –
• Convergence- the merging of mass communication outlets – print, television, radio, the
Internet along with portable and interactive technologies through various
digitalmedia platforms
• Synergy - the promotion and sale of a product within films, examples of this would be
soundtracks, phones and laptops etc.