Term Paper on Satisfactin Level of Prothom-alo newspaper(Business Statistics 2) is basically statiststical analysis of Prothom-alo news paper.

1. 1
University of Dhaka
Department of International Business
Faculty of business Studies
Term Paper
On
Course Name: Business Statistics-2
Course Code: IB - 202
Submitted To:
Saiful Islam
Assistant Professor
Department Of International Business
University Of Dhaka
Submitted By:
Hub of Statisticians
SL No. Name of The Members ID No.
01 Md. Roki Hasan BE-030-001
02 Md. Chanchal Mahmud BE-030-010
03 Md. Rasel Uddin BE-030-030
04 Md. Rakibul Islam BB-030-111
05 HM Nayeem Shahrier BE-030-052
06 Nazrul Badsha 1052
Date of Submission: 18 March, 2018.

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Table of Content
Executive Summary........................................................................................................................ 3
Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 4
Product Descriptions....................................................................................................................... 5
Company Description ..................................................................................................................... 5
Reasons behind select Prothom-alo ................................................................................................ 6
Why inferential statistics is important in business decision like Prothom-Alo .......................... 6
All possible Statistical Analysis and Presentation.......................................................................... 7
Satisfaction Level of Prothom-alo .................................................................................................. 7
Now we apply all possible statistical method............................................................................. 8
Frequency distribution Table...................................................................................................... 8
Graphical Presentation:............................................................................................................... 9
The Central Tendency:.............................................................................................................. 11
Level of satisfaction Table........................................................................................................ 13
Graph of skewness.................................................................................................................... 14
Hypothesis Test............................................................................................................................. 15
z- Test: Paired one Sample for Means...................................................................................... 15
t-Test: Paired one Sample for Means........................................................................................ 16
T-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means..................................................................................... 18
Conclusion: ................................................................................................................................... 20
References:.................................................................................................................................... 22

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Executive Summary
This term paper is about testing of consumer satisfaction level of Prothom-alo. We collect 60
different sample data through a questionnaire from Dhaka University area. In these sample data
we apply all sorts of statistical analysis to reach the conclusion about Prothom-alo. We applied
all possible statistical methods such like data collection, presenting data, graphical presentation
of data, determining mean, median, mode, standard deviation, quartile deviation, co-efficient of
variation, variance, skewness, kurtosis, moments, correlation and regression analysis, and all
possible hypothesis test. We also discussed about the importance of inferential statistics in
business like Prothom-alo. We briefly discussed about the Prothom-alo Transcom group and its
sisters. Then we finally draw the conclusion about the satisfaction level of Prothom alo.

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Introduction
The Statistics is the practice of science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large
quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring proportion in a whole from those in a
representative sample. In other words statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the
collection analysis, interpretation, and presentation of mass of numeric data. Statistical
knowledge helps us to use the proper method of data collection and employ the correct analysis
and also effectively present the result. Statistics is a crucial process behind how we make
discoveries in science, make decisions based on data and also help to make prediction.
In this term paper we are focuses on inferential statistics. Inferential statistics is one of the two
major branches of statistics. Inferential statistics use a random sample of data taken from a
population to describe and make inferences about the population. Inferential statistics are
valuable when examination of each member of entire population is not convenient of possible.
The two main areas of inferential statistics are estimating parameters and Hypothesis test.
Estimating parameters mean taking from a sample data (for example the sample mean) and using
it to say something about a population parameter (i.e. the population mean). And hypothesis test
is where we can use sample data to answer research questions.
We select Prothom-alo (one of the leading bangla news paper) news paper as a product for
statistical test. We collect 60 different samples from Dhaka University area. Before collecting
data we set some questionnaire that included level of satisfaction, transparency of that news
paper, how adequate their additional features etc.

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Product Descriptions
Prothom-alo is one of the most popular daily newspapers in Bangladesh, published from Dhaka
in the Bengali language. Every class of the people read this news paper regularly. It is the
second largest news paper in Bangladesh based on circulation. According to national media
survey 2014, conducted by MRB Bangladesh, more than 5 million people read the print edition
of Prothom-alo every day. The online portal of Prothom-alo is the most visited Bangladeshi and
Bengali website of the world. Prothom-alo is popular among all Bangladeshi and all over the
world who know Bangla for its transparency, truthfulness, reliable news. The Editor of Prothom-
alo is Matiur Rahman who is work for it from its founding in 1998. It started its journey on 4th
November 1998.The circulation of Prothom-alo grew from a primary circulation of 42,000 to a
circulation of half million copies. Prothom-alo is considered to be the most influential newspaper
brand in Bangladesh according to a brand equity study conducted by Consumer Solution
Limited.
Company Description
The owner of Prothom-alo is Transcom Group. It is one of the leading business conglomerates of
Bangladesh. This group runs many businesses that include beverage, pharmaceuticals,
newspaper, radio channel, electronics, food, etc. Transcom is the local agent or comprador of
international brands. More than 10,000 people works on this group. Transcom group is one of the
oldest and largest companies in Bangladesh. They started their journey in 1985 as a tree
plantation company in Bangladesh. The founder of this group is Mr.Latifur Rahman. Prothom-
alo ,which belong to Mediastar Ltd has also sister concern that includes ABC Radio FM
89.2,Prothoma Prokashon, Prothoma Boire Dunia, Protichinta, Kisor Alo, Chakri.com(former
Prothom-alo Jobs) etc. One of the leading English daily “The Daily Star” is also belong to this
group. Transcom group is very much aware of social responsibility and ethical values. The
chairman and CEO of Transcom group, Mr.Latifur Rahman won the 2012 “Oslo Business for
Peace Award” for maintaining commitment to social responsibility and ethical values.

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Reasons behind select Prothom-alo
Firstly it need to mention that we try to select any product for testing satisfaction level that is
use all class of people frequently . Prothom alo is such type of product that is used every day in
life. Every morning well concerned people use this product. Moreover it is very much common
and popular daily newspaper in our country. As a newspaper it is very important to test the
satisfaction level of it. As well as another reason behind selecting this product is easy to collect
sample data among its huge amount of available consumer (Reader).
Why inferential statistics is important in business decision like Prothom-Alo
Inferential statistics use a random sample of data taken from a population to describe and make
inferences about the population. Inferential statistics are valuable when examination of each
member of an entire population is not convenient or possible. Inferential statistics is one of the
two main branches of statistics.
To make effective business decision, decision maker needs a lot of information on the basis of
population which provided by inferential statistics. It helps in business planning on basis of
sound prediction and assumption. It assists to detect the current market position of Prothom-alo
relative to its competitor.

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All possible Statistical Analysis and Presentation
We collect 60 different samples of data from Dhaka University area about satisfaction level of
Prothom -alo. That are given bellow Table:
Satisfaction Level of Prothom-alo
SL NO Satisfaction Level SL NO Satisfaction Level
1 64 31 59
2 68 32 84
3 58 33 65
4 48 34 80
5 59 35 61
6 74 36 44
7 83 37 65
8 78 38 69
9 59 39 65
10 79 40 77
11 65 41 70
12 64 42 61
13 84 43 62
14 69 44 65
15 65 45 60
16 78 46 74
17 78 47 76
18 77 48 35
19 80 49 45
20 80 50 50
21 77 51 65
22 52 52 62
23 65 53 70
24 64 54 78
25 57 55 84
26 58 56 80
27 53 57 90
28 78 58 45
29 75 59 60
30 81 60 65

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Now we apply all possible statistical method.
At first we have to determine number of classes. Number of classes 6.07815125 (the procedure
shown on the excel file). We have selected for our convenience 6 as a number of classes. Then
we have to determine the class interval that can be found by the following formula.
i ≥ (Maximum value - Minimum value) / k
We got 10 (the procedure shown on the excel file). Now we have to set the individual class limit.
Our lowest value is 35, so set our lower class limit 30 for our convenience. Tally and frequency
are shown below table.
Frequency distribution Table
Class interval Tally Frequency
30-40 | 1
40-50 |||| 5
50-60 |||| |||| 10
60-70 |||| |||| |||| |||| | 21
70-80 |||| |||| |||| || 17
80-90 |||| | 6
Total N= 60

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Graphical Presentation:
01.Histogram
Figure-01: Histogram
0
5
10
15
20
25
30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90
Frequency
Class Interval
HISTOGRAM

10. 10
02.Frequency Polygon
Figure-02: Frequency Polygon
0
5
10
15
20
25
35 45 55 65 75 85
frequency

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03.Bar Chart
Figure-03: Bar Chart
The Central Tendency:
The convenience table for Central tendency is given below:
Class
Interval
Class
Mid
point
(x)
Frequency
(f)
Cumulativ
e
Frequency
F*x F*x^2 x-a (x-
a)^2
(x-a)^3 (x-a)^4
30-40 35 1 1 35
1225 -20 400 -8000
640000
00
40-50 45 5 6 225
10125 -20 400 -1000
100000
0
50-60 55 10 16 550 30250 -20 400 0 0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90
Bar Chart
frequency

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60-70 65 21 37 1365
88725 -20 400 1000
100000
0
70-80 75 17 54 1275
95625 75 5625 8000
640000
00
80-90 85 6 60 510
43350 85 7225 27000
7.29E+
08
Total N= 60 ∑fx=3960
269300 0 14450 27000
8.59E+
08
The Result values are given below
MAX 90
MIN 35
RANGE 55
Number of classes 6.07815125
Class Interval 10
Mean 67.26666667
Median 66.66666667
Mode 67.33333333
N/2 30
L 60
P.C.F 16
Frequency of Median Class 21
Δ1 11
Δ2 4
Variance 132.3333333
Standard Deviation 11.50362262
co-efficient of Skewness 0.156472449
a 55
µ´1 0.5
µ´2 0.527777778
µ´3 0.125
µ´4 66.2808642
µ1 0
µ2 0.277777778
µ3 -0.416666667
µ4 66.63503086
Kurtosis 863.59
The probability of higher satisfaction: 0.1

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The probability of Lower satisfaction: 0.016666667
Complain rate: 0.183333333
Probability of Daily Reading 0.833333333
The Probability of high Transparent news publishing: 0.516666667
The Probability of neutral Transparent news publishing: 0.366666667
The Probability of low Transparent news publishing: 0.316666667
Regression
Satisfaction level up to 70 23
Satisfaction level over 70 37
Confidence Coefficient 1.96
Margin of Error 2.910818136
Upper Bound 70.1774848
Lower Bound 64.35584853
Confidence Interval 65%-71%
Population Mean (Estimated) 70
Level of satisfaction Table
Satisfaction Value
Mean 67.26666667
Standard Error 1.518969816
Median 65
Mode 65
Standard Deviation 11.7658896
Sample Variance 138.4361582
Kurtosis -0.151100355
Skewness -0.433353038
Range 55
Minimum 35
Maximum 90
Sum 4036
Count 60
N.B. Details are shown in Excel copy.

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Graph of skewness
Figure-04: Skewness.
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0 20 40 60 80 100
Negatively

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Hypothesis Test
z- Test: Paired one Sample for Means
Satisfaction Value of samples
Mean 67.26666667
Known Variance 138.4361582
Observations 60
Hypothesized Mean 70
z -1.799461306
P(Z<=z) one-tail 0.03597287
z Critical one-tail 1.644853627
P(Z<=z) two-tail 0.071945739
z Critical two-tail 1.959963985
Figure-05: z-Distribution

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t-Test: Paired one Sample for Means
Satisfaction Value of
samples
Mean 67.26666667
Variance 138.4361582
Observations 60
Hypothesized Mean Difference 70
df 59
t Stat -1.799465206
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.038529619
t Critical one-tail 1.671093032
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.077059237
t Critical two-tail 2.000995378
1) Hypothesis:
H0: µ=70
H1: µ≠70
2) Level of confidence is 0.05
3) Decisional Rule:
i. We reject H0 if the value of “t” is not between -2.001 to 2.001
ii. We do not reject H0 if the value of “t” falls between -2.001 to 2.001
4) Test Statistic:
t =
x̄−µ
𝑠/√𝑛

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5) The value of “t” test =-1.799465206 or -.1.80. We decide not to reject H0. Because the “t”
value is in Non Rejection Area. So we are failed to show that there is a difference
between population mean and sample mean.
Figure-06: t-Distribution

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T-Test: Paired Two Sample
for Means
Satisfaction Value of
female
Satisfaction Value of
male
Mean 68.86666667 65.66666667
Variance 104.6712644 171.6781609
Observations 30 30
Pearson Correlation -0.036613172
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 29
t Stat 1.036100672
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.154358993
t Critical one-tail 1.699127027
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.308717985
t Critical two-tail 2.045229642
1) Hypothesis:
H0: µm=µf
H1: µm≠µf
2) Level of confidence is 0.05
3) Decisional Rule:
iii. We reject H0 if the value of “t” is not between -2.045 to 2.045
iv. We do not reject H0 if the value of “t” falls between -2.045 to 2.045

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4) Test Statistic:
t =
x̄−µ
𝑠/√𝑛
5) The value of “t” test = 1.036100672 or 1.036. We decide not to reject H0. Because the “t”
value is in Non Rejection Area. So we are failed to show that there is a difference
between population mean and sample mean
Figure-07: t-Distribution for two sample mean

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Conclusion:
Interpretations:
Frequency Distribution table of Satisfaction level:
We are seeing that the higher satisfaction on Prothom-alo at the Class of 60-70. And the lower
satisfaction is at 30-40. Our Mean Satisfaction is 67.267. So we can conclude that satisfaction on
Prothom-alo is in better Level.
Bar Chart, Histogram and Polygon:
Our Bar Chart and Histogram are representing the highest value of satisfaction is at 60 to 70.
And 65 for polygon.
Probabilities:
The probability of higher satisfaction: 0.1
The probability of Lower satisfaction: 0.016666667
Complain rate: 0.183333333
Probability of Daily Reading 0.833333333
The Probability of high Transparent news publishing: 0.516666667
The Probability of neutral Transparent news publishing: 0.366666667
The Probability of low Transparent news publishing: 0.316666667
Regression
Satisfaction level up to 70 23
Satisfaction level over 70 37
Skewness:
From our Diagram, we can conclude that our Central Tendency is little bit negatively Skewed.
Because it arises from left to Right side.

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Hypothesis:
For one-Sample two tail t test::
The value of “t” test =-1.799465206 or -.1.80. We decide not to reject H0. Because of the “t”
value is in Non-Rejection Area. So we are failed to show that there is a difference between
population mean and sample mean.
For two-Sample two tail t test::
The value of “t” test = 1.036100672 or 1.036. We decide not to reject H0. Because of the “t”
value is in Non-Rejection Area. So we are failed to show that there is a difference between
population mean and sample mean.
Recommendation:
From the questionnaire and our Findings, Prothom-alo should;
a. Include Innovative and creative feature
b. Reduce their price and some less important news column
c. Increase their paper quality
d. Increase the educational content
e. Increase the overall Transparency
f. Make easy access to their Complain box and Solutions
g. Decrease their huge advertisement size and quantity
h. Update their Online portal by coding
i. Reduce their traditional trend of understatement and overstatement
j. Increase the news or contents on science and technology.

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References:
 Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prothom_Alo)
 Prothom-Alo (http://www.prothomalo.com)
 Statistical Techniques in Business and Economics
(https://archive.org/details/StatisticalTechniquesInBusinessAndEconomics15Edition)
 Statistics for Management (https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-
education/program/Levin-Statistics-for-Management-7th-Edition/PGM87)
 Statistics Courses & Workshops(www.prstatistics.com)