This document provides an overview of the tendering process and types of tenders. It discusses open tendering, selective tendering, and negotiated tendering. Open tendering allows any contractor to bid, while selective tendering pre-qualifies contractors. Negotiated tendering involves inviting a specific contractor. The document also describes tender documents, including cover letters, invitations to tender, terms and conditions, bills of quantities, drawings, specifications, and evaluation criteria.
The present topic describes the defination, types, content of typical tender notice, step by step procedure, 3-bid and 2-bid system of tenders, earnest money deposit, security deposit, unbalanced tender.
The present topic describes the defination, types, content of typical tender notice, step by step procedure, 3-bid and 2-bid system of tenders, earnest money deposit, security deposit, unbalanced tender.
Tender Process | A Complete Procurement GuideTender Process
All about Tenders and its Process | Here you will get all the information regarding tenders (Procurement) like what is tender, what is its process, types of tender, how to search tenders, what to do and what not to do in tendering, how to search tenders and more.... you can check our website for more details which is : http://tenderprocess.weebly.com/
Presentation is trying to define the intent , content, methods and scope of arbitration and tendering and its implications for the architectural practice.
Contracts and Tenders
When two or more persons have common intention communicated to each other to create same obligation between them there is said to be an agreement. An agreement which is enforceable by law is a Contract.
A Tenders is called upon for executing certain specified work, or supplying specified materials; subjected to certain terms and conditions like rates, time limit, etc. It is an offer in written form: Legally speaking, it is an offer to receive an offer for the work, within the specified financial limits.
Check for more presentations at - www.archistudent.net
Types of Contract in Construction ManagementShahin MB
Types of Contract in Construction Management
Lump Sum Contract
Cost plus Fixed fee
Cost plus bid fee contract
Guaranteed Maximum
Negotiated
Unit price Contract
Design build
turn key contract
Presentation tries to give an overview and brief about tendering used in the building works for the benefit of students of architecture. Additions and alterations can be made to make it a better one. It is based on the book of Professional practice by Krishnamurthy and Ravindra
It is an invitation from the owner to the contractor to execute some work at specified cost in specified time.
It is published in the form of tender notice in news papers, notice boards, gussets, etc. According to the cost of works.
Tender Process | A Complete Procurement GuideTender Process
All about Tenders and its Process | Here you will get all the information regarding tenders (Procurement) like what is tender, what is its process, types of tender, how to search tenders, what to do and what not to do in tendering, how to search tenders and more.... you can check our website for more details which is : http://tenderprocess.weebly.com/
Presentation is trying to define the intent , content, methods and scope of arbitration and tendering and its implications for the architectural practice.
Contracts and Tenders
When two or more persons have common intention communicated to each other to create same obligation between them there is said to be an agreement. An agreement which is enforceable by law is a Contract.
A Tenders is called upon for executing certain specified work, or supplying specified materials; subjected to certain terms and conditions like rates, time limit, etc. It is an offer in written form: Legally speaking, it is an offer to receive an offer for the work, within the specified financial limits.
Check for more presentations at - www.archistudent.net
Types of Contract in Construction ManagementShahin MB
Types of Contract in Construction Management
Lump Sum Contract
Cost plus Fixed fee
Cost plus bid fee contract
Guaranteed Maximum
Negotiated
Unit price Contract
Design build
turn key contract
Presentation tries to give an overview and brief about tendering used in the building works for the benefit of students of architecture. Additions and alterations can be made to make it a better one. It is based on the book of Professional practice by Krishnamurthy and Ravindra
It is an invitation from the owner to the contractor to execute some work at specified cost in specified time.
It is published in the form of tender notice in news papers, notice boards, gussets, etc. According to the cost of works.
11. A concrete dam can be assumed to be trapezoidal in section having a top width of 2 m and bottom width of 10 m. Its height is 12 m and the upstream face has a batter of 1: 10. Give an analysis of the stability of the dam for the base section for overturning and sliding in the full reservoir condition assuming no free-board allowance but allowing for uplift pressures. Assume uplift intensity factor ast 100%. Also determine the compressive stresses at the toe and the heel, and major principal and shear stress developed at the toe. Assume weight of concrete to be 24 kN/m³, unit shear strength of concrete
to be 1400 KN/m³, and the coefficient of friction between concrete and foundation soil to be 0.7.
12. The following data refer to the non-overflow section of a gravity dam:
R.L. of top of the dam
315 m.
R.L. of bottom of the dam
260 m
Full reservoir level
= 312 m
Top width of the dam
= 12 m.
Unstream face is vertical. Downstream face is vertical upto R.L. 304 m; and thereafter, the
11. A concrete dam can be assumed to be trapezoidal in section having a top width of 2 m and bottom width of 10 m. Its height is 12 m and the upstream face has a batter of 1: 10. Give an analysis of the stability of the dam for the base section for overturning and sliding in the full reservoir condition assuming no free-board allowance but allowing for uplift pressures. Assume uplift intensity factor ast 100%. Also determine the compressive stresses at the toe and the heel, and major principal and shear stress developed at the toe. Assume weight of concrete to be 24 kN/m³, unit shear strength of concrete
to be 1400 KN/m³, and the coefficient of friction between concrete and foundation soil to be 0.7.
12. The following data refer to the non-overflow section of a gravity dam:
R.L. of top of the dam
315 m.
R.L. of bottom of the dam
260 m
Full reservoir level
= 312 m
Top width of the dam
= 12 m.
Unstream face is vertical. Downstream face is vertical upto R.L. 304 m; and thereafter, the
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. INTRODUCTION
Tendering is the process by which bids are invited from interested contractor to carry out
specific packages of construction work.
It is an invitation from the owner to the contractor to execute some work at specified cost in
specified time.
It is published in the form of tender notice in news papers, notice boards, gussets, etc.
according to the cost of works.
Most effective method of locking competitive rates.
New technologies and options are received through open tender process.
3. TYPES OF TENDER
Open Tendering
Selective Tendering
Negotiated Tendering
4. OPEN TENDER
Under open tendering the employer advertises his proposed project, and
permits as many contractors as are interested to apply for tender documents.
It is a Bidding process that is open to all qualified bidders
Tender usually published in the newspaper and internet
chosen on the basis of price and quality.
This is most effective way of obtaining many competitive rates.
5. OPEN TENDER
ADVANTAGES
Any contractor can tender their work
No favoritism occurs
maximum competition
No commitment to tender, all tender received will be genuine.
DISADVANTAGES
Client must bear expensive cost of tendering ( reproducing number of drawings,boq etc)
The wrong contractor may be chosen because they are from unknown background
Time consuming
Choosing a low cost tender may result in:
• Poor work: a large number of, or even permanent, defects may occur unless there is
closed supervision by the clients agent.
• Poor organization: a late completion,specialist,subcontractor delayed etc.
6. SELECTIVE TENDER
In selective tendering the employer advertises his project and invites
contractors to apply to be placed on a selected list of contractors who
will be invited to bid for the project. Contractors applying are given a
list of information they should supply about themselves in order to ‘pre-
qualify’.
A number of contractor of known reputations are selected by the
design team to submit a price of the project.
The contractor who submit the lowest tender is generally awarded
the contract.
The number chosen to bid under this tender is little
they are chosen for their expertise and experiences
7. NEGOTIATED TENDER
Negotiated tenders are obtained by the employer inviting a contractor of his choice to
submit prices for a project.
Usually this is for specialized work or when particular equipment is needed as an extension
of existing works, or for further work following a previous contract.
normally because the skills of the contractor are such that the architect and other members
of the design team needed from the contractor’s specialist knowledge use for design stage.
Following the completion of the design, the contractor will price the bill of quantities and
then enter into a negotiation with the quantity surveyor.
8. TENDER NOTICE
A tender notice is advertised in the newspaper or the internet depending upon the type of work.
Format of an ideal tender notice
1. Name of the Project.
2. Name & Address of the Company offering the tender.
3. Name of work, materials or services.
4. Place of work location.
5. Approximate estimated cost of work.
6. Earnest Money.
7. Period of completion.
8. Date on which the Tender Document sale commences.
9. Date and time up to which tender documen
can be obtained.
10. The cost of tender documents.
11. Due date of submission
12. Eligibility Criteria
10. TENDER DOCUMENTS
A written invitation sent to potential suppliers of a good or service to inform them about the
information required for the buyer to choose among them.
Issuing a tender document typically begins the tender process by which a business selects
qualified and interested suppliers based on such things as their price, availability and proposed
delivery terms.
tender documents should be broken down into a series of packages with its own design
drawings and specifications suitable to be issued by the main contractor to potential sub-
contractors. This makes the tender easier for the contractor to price and easier for the client to
compare with other tenderers.
11. Typically, the tender documents will consist of all or some of the following documents:
• Cover letter
A formal letter inviting contractors to tender. It will advise when and where their completed tender
should be returned.
• Invitation to tender
This provides guidance on how the tender documents are to be completed.
• Form of tender
A covering document prepared by the client and signed by the tendering contractor to indicate that they
understand the tender, accept the various terms and conditions of the contract, and other requirements of
participating in the tender exercise.
• Terms and conditions of contract
This document sets out the legal framework and the obligations of both parties signed up to the contract.
Tendering contractors must read this document in conjunction with the other tender documents.
• Preliminaries: including pre-construction information and site waste management plan (if required).
12. • Bill of quantities
This document is used as the basis of submitting the tender where all prices for carrying out the
work are given. The bill of quantities assists tendering contractors in producing an estimate of
costs for their tender. It also provides a fair and accurate system for tendering.
• Design drawings (general layout plan, construction drawings)
These are clear and concise detailed documents about the construction site, path construction and
any other related feature/ structure works. They are the essential ingredients for informing
contractors of exactly what is required to complete all the work.
• Specifications
This document sets out what needs completing to set standards, including policies, procedures or
guidelines. It sets out the performance standards and the outcomes expected. It describes the
materials and workmanship standards. They do not include cost, quantity, or drawn information,
and so need to be read alongside the terms and conditions of the contract, bill of quantities, and
construction drawings.
• Quality requirements
A questionnaire about how the tenderer intends to provide the contracting service, including
supporting evidence demonstrating relevant experience. This information will help evaluate the
quality of the tender.
13. • Tender evaluation criteria
A document advising how returned tender will be evaluated against each other and the
contract awarded.
• Tender return label
A simple label giving the time and date that a tender must be returned.
• Pre-construction information
A document giving relevant information about the project that might influence the
health and safety of the paths design and work.
Tendering contractors must follow the instructions and information given in each
tender document provided, as failure to do so may prevent you as the client from
considering the tender properly.
