This document discusses various effects of temperature variations and shrinkage on pre-stressed concrete structures. It notes that temperature changes and shrinkage are major causes of deformation in structures, leading to deflection, cracks, and creep. Shrinkage mainly occurs due to loss of water during hydration and changes in volume during hardening. Rapid temperature drops can cause contraction and cracking. Crack widths increase and load capacity decreases. Creep is the permanent deformation of concrete under stress over time and is influenced by temperature, moisture content, and exposure duration. These effects must be accounted for in prestressed concrete design through calculation of losses to determine effective prestress. Distribution reinforcement and use of low water/cement ratio concrete can help reduce cracking and