The document outlines a project report on a temperature monitoring system for smart crop management, conducted by students at VIT University. It details the use of IoT technology to monitor soil and atmospheric parameters, enabling automated irrigation and water spraying based on real-time data. The proposed system aims to enhance agricultural productivity while addressing challenges in modern farming by improving resource management and efficiency.

1. TEMPERATURE MONITERING SYSTEM FOR SMART
CROP
Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
By
N.NAVEEN REDDY (18BCE1036)
K.BHARATH SAI (18BCE1264)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Prof Shola Usha Rani
VIT UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI
VIT UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600127

2. BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “TEMPERATURE MONITERING
SYSTEM FOR SMART CROP”is the bonafidework of N.NAVEEN
REDDY(18BCE1036), K.BHARATH SAI(18BCE1264) who carried out the
project work under my supervision.
SIGNATURE
Prof Shola Usha Rani
School of Computer Science and Engineering
VIT University
Chennai – 600127

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Background/History
4. Motivation
5. Existing System
6. Proposed System
7. Design & Modules (Explain all modules)
8. Architecture Diagram
9. Implementation details
10. Output
11. Results & Discussions
12. Conclusion & Future work

4. Abstract
Here we measure soil and atmospheric parameters in a polyhouse. When the
temperature exceeds a limit, motor for spraying the water will be turned ON and
if the moisture content of soil goes below a predefined value, motor for drip
irrigation will be turned ON. The LCD will display the measured parameters in
a fixed interval of time. We are using pot to represent sensors. The contrast of
LCD can be controlled using a pot connected to the breadboard.
The following project demonstrates how to use the Internet of Things concept for
monitoring.Use it for crops and other agricultural purposes.The field of
agriculture is always it required a high level of resources, professionalism and
effort. The majority today world is food consumption, economic growth, trade,
and employment. There are also various challenges for farmers.Various
agricultural professionals, celebrities and scientists around the world believe in
making different plans ideas for addressing these challenges.
The basic purpose of this area is to maximize yield through intelligent and
efficient use. Available resources that are generally limited and inexpensive. So
it really will be it is important to use them extensively. There are many factors
that affect crops. Weather and climatic conditions, land placement, soil
parameters, etc. These factors increase. We need the complexity of this area and
innovative ideas to tackle it.
Introduction
As new technologies has been introduced and utilized in modern world, there is
a need to bring advancement in the field of agriculture also. Agricultural is an
important field of economic development in Lao. Farming needs to be adapted
in order to be able to satisfy consumers, so using IoT (Internet of Things) to
help in this field is one of the preferred alternatives in the present.Various
Researches have been undergone to improve crop cultivation and have been
widely used. In order to improve the crop productivity efficiently, it is necessary
to monitor the environmental conditions in and around the field. The parameters
that has to be properly monitored to enhance the yield are soil characteristics,
weather conditions, moisture, temperature, etc.

5. History
To improve the agricultural yield with fewer resources and labor efforts,
substantial innovations have been made throughout human history. Not only for
food, but crop production is becoming equally critical for industry; indeed crops
like cotton, rubber, and gum are playing important roles in the economies of
many nations. Furthermore, the food-crops-based bioenergy market started to
increase recently. Even before a decade, only the production of ethanol utilized
110 million tons of coarse grains (approximately 10% of the world production).
Due to the rising utilization of food crops for bio-fuel production, bio-energy,
and other industrial usages, food security is at stake. These demands are
resulting in a further increase of the pressure on already scarce agricultural
resources.
The proposed model consists of a microcontroller, sensors such as soil moisture
sensor, and humidity. Motors that represent sensors, temperature sensors, and
water pumps. Microcontroller moderate all parameters detected by various
sensors and send the data to the user application. Users can take the necessary
actions as needed, such as switching on the motor Pump through the
application.
Therefore, this model helps in better handling of the crop under consideration.
The user you can better understand the different conditions in his field and control
him devices from anywhere in the world.
Motivation
Today, the Internet of Things is the most explored concept in the field of
electronics. It consists of a variety of interconnected electronic devices or other
devices used in daily life each other via internet connection. Can monitor
various devices regulated over the internet without physical contact via the
device via some application. Users can achieve this from anywhere in the world.
The only requirement is Internet connection.
The proposed model consists of a microcontroller, sensors such as soil moisture
sensor, and humidity. Motors that represent sensors, temperature sensors, and
water pumps. Microcontroller moderate all parameters detected by various
sensors and send the data to the user application. Users can take the necessary
actions as needed, such as switching on the motor Pump through the
application.

6. Therefore, this model helps in better handling of the crop under consideration.
The user you can better understand the different conditions in his field and
control him devices from anywhere in the world.
Existing System
The basic purpose of this area is to maximize yield through intelligent
and efficient use. Available resources that are generally limited and
inexpensive. So it really will be it is important to use them
extensively. There are many factors that affect crops. Weather and
climatic conditions, land placement, soil parameters, etc. These
factors increase. We need the complexity of this area and innovative
ideas to tackle it. Using technology in different spectra is often
Complexity gives better results. Used as a tool for balancing and
making proper adjustments to achieve a specific purpose. Use of
science and technology in agricultural practices delivered great results
and helped humanity in an important way
Proposed System
The advent of computers and electronics has completely changed the dynamics
of this domain. This sudden increase in usage of electronic devices such as
computers and PCs, Smartphones, tablets, etc. have greatly increased the
possibility of misusing it. Various purposes. The skyrocketing popularity of the
Internet and its increased connectivity Different rural areas around the world
only help this possibility. Therefore, the concept of the internet Things are
getting very popular.
The majority today world is food consumption, economic growth, trade, and
employment. There are also various challenges for farmers. Various agricultural
professionals, celebrities and scientists around the world believe in making
different plans and ideas for addressing these challenges.

7. Design & Modules (Explain all modules)
Using IoT concept in agriculture field will help farmers not only reduce waste
but also increase in yield production varying from the quantity of fertilizer
utilized to the quality of the production achieved.
1. Crop Monitoring:
Using IoT technique we can monitor the quality of crop which thus increase the
food production. It introduces the use of appropriate method into agriculture
sector and better crop production by collecting real-time quality of crop and
informing farmers about their crop growing status
2.Soil moisture sensor:
To measure the wetness and the water intensity we use soil moisture sensor and
the connection is done through this steps. Connect two pins from soil moisture
sensor with the two pin. Connect Vcc (source voltage) to the arduino and
ground pin to 14 Gnd pin on the arduino. We use analog data by connecting the
analog data pin A0 on the arduino to get the reading.
3.Humidity Sensor:
Humidity sensor (or hygrometer) senses, measures, and reports both humidity
and temperature. ... Relative humidity is an important factor when seeking
comfort. Sample humidity sensor. Humidity sensors work by detecting changes
that change the current or temperature in the air.
4.Thermistor:
Thermistor are another type of temperature sensor, the name of which is a
combination of the words THERM-ally sensitive res-ISTOR. A thermistor is a
special type of resistor whose physical resistance changes when exposed to
temperature changes.
Thermistors are generally made of glass-coated ceramic materials such as
nickel, manganese, and cobalt oxides, which make them vulnerable to damage.
The main advantages over the snap action type are speed, accuracy and
reproducibility in response to changes in temperature.
Most types of thermistors have a negative temperature coefficient (NTC). In
other words, as the temperature rises, the resistance value decreases. Of course,
some have a positive temperature coefficient (PTC). The resistance value
increases as the temperature rises.

8. Thermistors are composed of ceramic-type semiconductor materials that use
metal oxide technologies such as manganese, cobalt, and nickel. Semiconductor
materials are usually formed into small, sealed press discs or balls that respond
relatively quickly to changes in temperature.
Architecture Diagram

9. Implementation details
Here we measure soil and atmospheric parameters in a polyhouse.
When the temperature exceeds a limit, motor for spraying the water
will be turned ON and if the moisture content of soil goes below a
predefined value, motor for drip irrigation will be turned ON. The
LCD will display the measured parameters in a fixed interval of time.
We are using pot to represent sensors. The contrast of LCD can be
controlled using a pot connected to the breadboard.
Digital Agriculture circuit

10. OUTPUTS:
Thingspeak output

11. CODE:
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
void setup() {
pinMode(A0, INPUT);
pinMode(A1, INPUT);
pinMode(A2, INPUT);
pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
pinMode(11, OUTPUT);
pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
lcd.begin(16, 2);
}
void loop() {
analogRead(A0);
analogRead(A1);
analogRead(A2);
delay(100);
Serial.print( "Temp Reading = ");
Serial.println( analogRead(A0));
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Temperature");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(analogRead(A0));
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
if( analogRead(A0)>300)
{
digitalWrite(9,1);
delay(1000);
}
if(analogRead(A0)<=300)

12. {
digitalWrite(9,0);
delay(1000);
}
// digitalWrite(9,0);
delay(1000);
Serial.print( "Moisture Reading = ");
Serial.println( analogRead(A1));
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Moisture");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(analogRead(A1));
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
if( analogRead(A1)<300)
{
digitalWrite(8,1);
delay(1000);
}
digitalWrite(8,0);
delay(1000);
Serial.print( "Humidity Reading = ");
Serial.println( analogRead(A2));
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Humidity");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(analogRead(A2));
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
delay(1000);
}

13. Results & Discussions
The temperature, humidity and soil moisture values are shown in outpus and the
model was tested in various weather conditions and the observations were
verified depending on the room temperature and humidity values during the test.
The model is it turned out to be accurate and in good working order.
Conclusion & Future work
Since IoT farming application are making it workable for farmer to gather
important information leading to improvement in the quality of their crop.
Many land owners must comprehend the capability of Iot usage for farming by
introducing smart innovation to increase output. The need for increasing
population can be fulfilled if the user can use IoT technology in a successful
manner. In this report, the answer for analyzing smart agriculture has been
exhibited. This system can go about as an early alert structure for best in class
risk, a watching system continually giving a record of the farms. It ensures that
using IoT can not only improve adequate specialized learning programming
skill and equipment segment but also renders its practical usage for society.
This scenarios are prolong by an overview of officially existing head ways
including framework traditions open source software and pitiful hardware
portions which are used for the execution purposes through an establishment
consider on the business prediction of such system, a method which uses the
arrangement of the activity gives structure to prescribe motivating forces.
REFERENCES
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8802584
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8703366
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8399118
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322508245_IOT
_Based_Smart_Crop_Monitoring_in_Farm_Land
https://www.ijert.org/smart-farming-iot-based-smart-
sensor-agriculture-stick-for-live-temperature-and-
humidity-monitoring

14. https://easternpeak.com/blog/smart-agriculture-
monitoring-solutions-to-optimize-farming-productivity/