This presentation is a teaching lecture given on the International School on Aperiodic Crystals and explains how to index electron diffraction patterns taken from incommensurately modulated materials, with exercises, and gives some examples of HAADF-STEM and HRTEM images on incommensurately modulated materials.
Scheelite CGEW/MO for luminescence - Summary of the paperJoke Hadermann
This presentation gives very shortly the highlights of our paper.
Incommensurate Modulation and Luminescence in the CaGd2(1-x)Eu2x(MoO4)(4(1-y))(WO4)(4y) (0 <=><=><=><= 1) Red Phosphors
published in Chemistry of Materials, 25, 21 (2013) 4387-4395
by Vladimir Morozov, Anne Bertha, Katrien Meert, Senne Van Rompaey, Dmitry Batuk, Gerardo T. Martinez, Sandra Van Aert, Philippe F. Smet, Maria Raskina, Dirk Poelman, Artem Abakumov, Joke Hadermann
Determining a structure with electron crystallography - Overview of the paper...Joke Hadermann
The route to a solved structure (in this case Pb13Mn9O25) on the basis of precession electron diffraction, combined with HAADF-STEM, HRTEM, EELS and EDX is shown.
Summary of the paper "Solving the Structure of Li Ion Battery Materials with Precession
Electron Diffraction: Application to Li2CoPO4F"
Electron crystallography for lithium based battery materialsJoke Hadermann
This lecture was given at the IUCr (International Union of Crystallography) meeting in Madrid, 2011. Contents are focussed on the use of precession electron diffraction for functional materials, mainly lithium based battery materials, but also a perovskite was included, since a large part of the audience worked on that subject.
Direct space structure solution from precession electron diffraction data: Re...Joke Hadermann
The presentation shows the main points from the publication "Direct space structure solution from precession electron diffraction data: Resolving heavy and light scatterers in Pb13Mn9O25" about how thee structure of Pb13Mn9O25 was solved using transmission electron microscopy.
Solving the Structure of Li Ion Battery Materials with Precession Electron Di...Joke Hadermann
Very short summary of the paper "Solving the Structure of Li Ion Battery Materials with Precession
Electron Diffraction: Application to Li2CoPO4F", published in Chem. Mater.
This lecture was given at the 2nd International School on Aperiodic Crystals in Bayreuth, Germany. It is an updated version of the lecture given on the 1st school, that can be found between my lectures as "TEM for incommensurately modulated materials".
Scheelite CGEW/MO for luminescence - Summary of the paperJoke Hadermann
This presentation gives very shortly the highlights of our paper.
Incommensurate Modulation and Luminescence in the CaGd2(1-x)Eu2x(MoO4)(4(1-y))(WO4)(4y) (0 <=><=><=><= 1) Red Phosphors
published in Chemistry of Materials, 25, 21 (2013) 4387-4395
by Vladimir Morozov, Anne Bertha, Katrien Meert, Senne Van Rompaey, Dmitry Batuk, Gerardo T. Martinez, Sandra Van Aert, Philippe F. Smet, Maria Raskina, Dirk Poelman, Artem Abakumov, Joke Hadermann
Determining a structure with electron crystallography - Overview of the paper...Joke Hadermann
The route to a solved structure (in this case Pb13Mn9O25) on the basis of precession electron diffraction, combined with HAADF-STEM, HRTEM, EELS and EDX is shown.
Summary of the paper "Solving the Structure of Li Ion Battery Materials with Precession
Electron Diffraction: Application to Li2CoPO4F"
Electron crystallography for lithium based battery materialsJoke Hadermann
This lecture was given at the IUCr (International Union of Crystallography) meeting in Madrid, 2011. Contents are focussed on the use of precession electron diffraction for functional materials, mainly lithium based battery materials, but also a perovskite was included, since a large part of the audience worked on that subject.
Direct space structure solution from precession electron diffraction data: Re...Joke Hadermann
The presentation shows the main points from the publication "Direct space structure solution from precession electron diffraction data: Resolving heavy and light scatterers in Pb13Mn9O25" about how thee structure of Pb13Mn9O25 was solved using transmission electron microscopy.
Solving the Structure of Li Ion Battery Materials with Precession Electron Di...Joke Hadermann
Very short summary of the paper "Solving the Structure of Li Ion Battery Materials with Precession
Electron Diffraction: Application to Li2CoPO4F", published in Chem. Mater.
This lecture was given at the 2nd International School on Aperiodic Crystals in Bayreuth, Germany. It is an updated version of the lecture given on the 1st school, that can be found between my lectures as "TEM for incommensurately modulated materials".
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Preparation characterization and conductivity studies of Nasicon systems Ag3-...iosrjce
Materials belonging to NASICON family of compositions Ag3-2xTaxIn2-x(PO4)3 ( x = 0.6,0.8 and 1.1)
are prepared by sol-gel method. Ethylene glycol is used as a gelating agent. All the compositions are
characterizedby powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy All these
phosphates are crystallized in rhombohedral lattice with space group R3c
. These compounds exhibit
characteristic PO4 vibrational modes in their FT-IR spectra. The dc conductivity of Ag3-2xTaxIn2-x(PO4)3 ( x =
0.6,0.8 and 1.1) was also investigated.
Structural and photoluminescence study of SrAl2O4:Eu3+ phosphors synthesized ...AI Publications
The combustion synthesis method was employed for the synthesis of red-emitting monoclinic SrAl2O4:Eu3+ phosphors. Structural characterization of annealed samples was carried out via X-ray Diffraction (XRD). XRD patterns reveal that strontium aluminate samples were cubic spinel nanoparticles and the grain size determined by the Debye-Scherrer formula is 35.34 nm. The vibrational stretching frequencies corresponding to the composites were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The PL spectra show the strongest emission at 612 nm corresponds to the 5D0 → 7F2 transition of Eu3+, which results in bright red color emitting phosphor used for display devices and lamp industries.
NANO106 is UCSD Department of NanoEngineering's core course on crystallography of materials taught by Prof Shyue Ping Ong. For more information, visit the course wiki at http://nano106.wikispaces.com.
Complementarity of advanced TEM to bulk diffraction techniquesJoke Hadermann
Lecture contains some examples of how advanced TEM techniques can help solve the structure if for some reason bulk diffraction techniques do not allow to propose a model.
This is a tutorial on indexing diffraction patterns, deriving reflection conditions from SAED, derving point groups from CBED and combining both to find the space group. The slides contain exercises, the page to work on is at the end of the presentation and should be printed first to be able to measure on that page.
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Preparation characterization and conductivity studies of Nasicon systems Ag3-...iosrjce
Materials belonging to NASICON family of compositions Ag3-2xTaxIn2-x(PO4)3 ( x = 0.6,0.8 and 1.1)
are prepared by sol-gel method. Ethylene glycol is used as a gelating agent. All the compositions are
characterizedby powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy All these
phosphates are crystallized in rhombohedral lattice with space group R3c
. These compounds exhibit
characteristic PO4 vibrational modes in their FT-IR spectra. The dc conductivity of Ag3-2xTaxIn2-x(PO4)3 ( x =
0.6,0.8 and 1.1) was also investigated.
Structural and photoluminescence study of SrAl2O4:Eu3+ phosphors synthesized ...AI Publications
The combustion synthesis method was employed for the synthesis of red-emitting monoclinic SrAl2O4:Eu3+ phosphors. Structural characterization of annealed samples was carried out via X-ray Diffraction (XRD). XRD patterns reveal that strontium aluminate samples were cubic spinel nanoparticles and the grain size determined by the Debye-Scherrer formula is 35.34 nm. The vibrational stretching frequencies corresponding to the composites were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The PL spectra show the strongest emission at 612 nm corresponds to the 5D0 → 7F2 transition of Eu3+, which results in bright red color emitting phosphor used for display devices and lamp industries.
NANO106 is UCSD Department of NanoEngineering's core course on crystallography of materials taught by Prof Shyue Ping Ong. For more information, visit the course wiki at http://nano106.wikispaces.com.
Complementarity of advanced TEM to bulk diffraction techniquesJoke Hadermann
Lecture contains some examples of how advanced TEM techniques can help solve the structure if for some reason bulk diffraction techniques do not allow to propose a model.
This is a tutorial on indexing diffraction patterns, deriving reflection conditions from SAED, derving point groups from CBED and combining both to find the space group. The slides contain exercises, the page to work on is at the end of the presentation and should be printed first to be able to measure on that page.
Modulated materials with electron diffractionJoke Hadermann
This lecture was given at the International School of Crystallography in Erice 2011, on the topic of Electron Crystallography. It explains the very basics of how to index commensurately and incommensurately modulated materials. It was meant for a 40 minute lecture.
Mapping of chemical order in inorganic compoundsJoke Hadermann
Presentations of some of the possibilities of observing cation and anion order in perosvkite based structures in order to solve their structure or to solve other questions, when they could not be solved by bulk diffraction techniques. The examples include a (Pb,Bi)FeO3-d compound, a solid oxide fuel cell compound Sr(Nb,Co,Fe)O3-d and several brownmillerite related compounds, as well as a "relaxor ferromagnetic". This was an invited lecture given at the Spring meeting of the British Crystallographic Association in 2014.
New oxide structures using lone pairs cations as "chemical scissors"Joke Hadermann
New oxide structure types were created by using lone pair cations as "chemical scissors" to cut perovskite blocks in novel ways. The compounds show magnetic frustration.
TEM Winterworkshop 2011: electron diffractionJoke Hadermann
Tutorial on how to index diffraction patterns, determine extinction symbols from SAED and point groups from CBED. Lesson taught at the EMAT Winterworkshop on TEM. 21 januari 2011
Calculation of isotopic dipole moments with spectroscopic accuracyAntônio Arapiraca
Trabalho apresentado no XVII Symposium on High Resolution Molecular Spectroscopy (HighRus-2012), 2012, Zelenogorsk-Russia. Anals of XVII Symposium on High Resolution Molecular Spectroscopy (HighRus-2012), 2012.
Zno and znopbs heterojunction photo electrochemical cellseSAT Journals
Abstract Photo Electrochemical Cell (PEC) can also be used for splitting of water into hydrogen and Oxygen. Here, ZnO nanorod PEC has been prepared in hydrothermal method and ZnO/PbS quantum dot PEC has been prepared by hydrothermal method and chemical bath deposition method. UV-Visible spectroscopy has been observed. Flat band voltage, bandwidth and majority charge carriers have been calculated from Mott-Schottky. Impedance variation at semiconductor and electrolyte junction has been observed with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Keywords: Hydrothermal, Chemical bath, ZnO/PbS, UV-Vis, Mott-Schottky, EIS.
Case Study: Cyclic Voltametric MeasurementHasnain Ali
The design of an ac Cyclic Voltammetric Measurement System for the in –situ measurement of dissolved oxygen in sediment on the seabed. The measurement strategy should be based on linear ramp cyclic voltammetry
Tutorial: Circuits and Systems for Lab-on-Chip IntegrationWael Badawy
Tutorial on Circuits and Systems for Lab-on-Chip Integration by Dr. Wael Badawy, ATIPS Associate, Associate Professor, Dept. ECE, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
And Dr. Yehya Ghallab, ATIPS Research Associate University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
BaSi2: a potential material for thin-film solar cell applications Mukesh Kumar
In order to meet the clean energy requirement, materials consisting of abundant, eco-friendly, and low-cost elements are of great interest. Therefore in this study, we discussed the importance of BaSi2 and other similar semiconducting compounds which contain inexpensive and earth abundant elements, for solar cell applications. Employing first-principles modeling within the density function theory, we analyze the structural, electronic and optical properties and find that these compounds have fundamental indirect band gaps and the gap energies are in the region of 0.9–1.3 eV, which is suitable for solar cell applications. Furthermore, a lower energy dispersion of the conduction band (CB), which results in a flat shape of the CB minimum, implies a large optical absorption. In fact, our calculations reveal that the photoabsorption of these compounds is stronger than other common PV materials like Si and Cu(Ga,In)Se2
Maskless Nanopattering and Formation of Nanocorrals and Switches for Haloalka...ioneec
Labile self-assembled circular patterns of propyl bromide on Si(111)-7×7 at
50 K are shown to convert to corresponding stable circular patterns of atomic
bromine through a maskless process of molecular scale imprinting. The
imprinting depends on localized chemical reaction induced by either photons
or electrons. At 50 K propyl bromide adsorbs in a vertical configuration with
lateral attraction. By contrast, at 300 K, octyl chloride and bromide adsorbed
horizontally, self-assembling spontaneously into the valuable configurations
of switching corrals (‘type I’) and stable corrals (‘type II’). Both types of
corral, switching and stable, can be seen to alter the local surface charge
distribution.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Tem for incommensurately modulated materials
1. Examples of incommensurately
modulated structures and
composites studied using
Ë Î Ì Î Í Î ÑÎ Â -2 0 0 3
Московский Государственный Университет
Õ
им. М.В. Ломоносова
Факультет Наук о Материалах
КАФЕДРА НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКОЙ ХИМИИ
Лаборатория Направленного Неорганического
Синтеза
Исаева А.А.
Í Î ÂÛ Å Í ÈÇØ ÈÅ Ñ ÅØ ÀÍ Í Û Å ÁËÎ ×Í Û Å
Ì
ÀËÜÊÎ ÃÅÍ ÈÄÛ Í ÈÊÅËß
Научные руководители
д.х.н., проф. Б.А. Поповкин
к.х.н., асс. ФНМ А.И. Баранов
transmission electron
microscopy
1
2. Purpose of this lecture
At the end of this lecture you should be able to:
• Understand the TEM paragraph in papers about IMS and
CS
• Be able to make solid comments about conclusions
claimed from TEM by different sources (collaborators,
papers,…) by knowing some possible pitfalls
• Decide whether it would be useful to do TEM on your own
IMS or CS
• Make basic interpretations of TEM data on your own
materials by yourself
2
3. Outline of the lecture
The three most frequently used
techniques in case of IMS/CS:
• Electron diffraction
• HAADF-STEM
• HRTEM
3
4. ED: the main differences with
XRD
• Shorter wavelength, almost flat sections
through reciprocal space
• A nanometer size particle is enough
• Multiple diffraction
• Can be combined with direct imaging and
compositional analysis
Appearance very much like single crystal XR
patterns
4
5. Incommensurately modulated
structure example
Related commensurate
structure
Sb2MnO4
Sb1.155Pb1.216Mn0.628O4
Abakumov et al., Chemistry of
Materials, 17, 5, 2005, 1123-1134 5
6. IMS: indexing the subcell
reflections
• Related commensurate structure Sb2MnO4
• P42/mbc; a=b=8.7 Å, c= 6.0 Å
• Measure R, calculate d with R.d=C (know instrument
constant)
• Index each reflection according to list of d-values for each
reflection (cf. XRD)
4.35 4.35 6.15
6.15
3.0 4.35 3.0
All distances in Å
6
7. Dangers of double diffraction!
• P42/mbc
• Reflection conditions: 0kl: k=2n; hhl: l=2n; 00l: l=2n;
h00: h=2n
• In contradiction: 001,003,…,100,300,…,010, 030, … all
caused by double diffraction
• Tilt around the row: forbidden reflections will disappear
Abakumov et al., Chemistry of Materials, 17, 5,
2005, 1123-1134 7
8. Subcell vs. IMS
Sb2MnO4
Sb1.155Pb1.216Mn0.628O4
Abakumov et al., Chemistry of
Materials, 17, 5, 2005, 1123-1134 8
10. Reflection conditions for m
0200 - 0220
0211 0210 0211
- -
02220201 02210202
1100 -
1121 1120
-
11221101 1102
q≈3/4c*
For thís material: no special conditions for m: if subcell
reflection is seen, also hklm with m=1 and m=2 is seen.
Sb1.155Pb1.216Mn0.628O4
Abakumov et al., Chemistry of
Materials, 17, 5, 2005, 1123-1134 10
12. Exercise 1-1: IMS: index the non-
modulated phase
• Index the commensurate structure LaSrCuO4, this will
help you with indexing the next, incommensurate one.
Given data:
cell parameters of LaSrCuO4: a=b=3.7 Å, c=13 Å.
6.50 Å 2.61 Å
6.50 Å 2.61 Å
1.85 Å
1.85 Å
(Simulated ED patterns)
12
13. Given data:
cell parameters of LaSrCuO4: a=b=3.7 Å, c=13 Å.
001
002
200
6.50 Å 2.61 Å
6.50 Å 2.61 Å
1.85 Å
1.85 Å
(Simulated ED patterns)
13
14. Given data:
cell parameters of LaSrCuO4: a=b=3.7 Å, c=13 Å.
001
002
200
6.50 Å 2.61 Å
6.50 Å 2.61 Å
1.85 Å
1.85 Å
(Simulated ED patterns)
14
15. Given data:
cell parameters of LaSrCuO4: a=b=3.7 Å, c=13 Å.
010
020
110
002 2.61 Å
002 2.61 Å
1.85 Å
1.85 Å
(Simulated ED patterns)
15
16. Given data:
cell parameters of LaSrCuO4: a=b=3.7 Å, c=13 Å.
010
020
110
002 2.61 Å
002 2.61 Å
1.85 Å
1.85 Å
(Simulated ED patterns)
16
17. Given data:
cell parameters of LaSrCuO4: a=b=3.7 Å, c=13 Å.
010
020
110
002 2.61 Å
002 2.61 Å
020
1.85 Å
(Simulated ED patterns)
17
18. Given data:
cell parameters of LaSrCuO4: a=b=3.7 Å, c=13 Å.
100
200
020
002 2.61 Å
002 2.61 Å
020
1.85 Å 1.85 Å
020
(Simulated ED patterns)
18
19. Given data:
cell parameters of LaSrCuO4: a=b=3.7 Å, c=13 Å.
100
200
020
002 2.61 Å
002 2.61 Å
020
020 1.85 Å
(Simulated ED patterns)
19
20. Given data:
cell parameters of LaSrCuO4: a=b=3.7 Å, c=13 Å.
110
220
½½0
002 2.61 Å
002 2.61 Å
020
020 200
(Simulated ED patterns)
20
21. Given data:
cell parameters of LaSrCuO4: a=b=3.7 Å, c=13 Å.
110
220
½½0
002 2.61 Å
002 2.61 Å
020
020 200
(Simulated ED patterns)
21
32. Incommensurate vs. basic
cell
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 32
2344-2350
33. Exercise 1-3: index the IMS
Identify and
index the subcell
reflections.
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 33
2344-2350
34. Propose a
modulation vector.
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 34
2344-2350
35. • q=αa*
• α<0.5
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 35
2344-2350
36. • q=αa*
• α<0.5
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 36
2344-2350
37. • q=αa*
• α<0.5
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 37
2344-2350
38. Possible solution
• q=αa*
• α<0.5
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 38
2344-2350
39. Index the satellite indicated in
green
001
-
0001
100
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 39
2344-2350
40. Index the satellite indicated in
green
0001
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 40
2344-2350
41. Index the next indicated
satellite
0002
-
2001
-
2002
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 41
2344-2350
42. Index the next indicated
satellite
-
-
2002
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 42
2344-2350
43. Exercise 1-4: IMS with more
complete data
• Which of the indicated
vectors corresponds to
the modulation vector
chosen on the previous
slides?
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 43
2344-2350
44. Exercise 1-4: IMS with more
complete data
• Which of the indicated
vectors corresponds to
the modulation vector
chosen on the previous
slides?
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 44
2344-2350
45. Is the proposed
vector still valid?
yes
no
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 45
2344-2350
46. Indicate the correct
modulation
vector(s) on the
central white area.
You need
q1
q2
q1 ànd q2
q1=αa*+βb*
q2= -αa*+βb*
α=β<0.25
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
hklmn
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 46
2344-2350
47. Index the reflection indicated
in red
20011
-
20011
-
20011
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 47
2344-2350
48. Index the reflection indicated
in red
-
20011
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007, 48
2344-2350
49. Index the others patterns
consistently with this new choice.
LaSrCuO3.52
Hadermann et al., Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 17, 22, 2007,
2344-2350
49
64. Determining the superspace
group
• Online tables Yamamoto (Acta
Cryst.A 1996, A52, 509)
• I4/mmm(α α0, -αα0)00mg
LaSrCuO3.52 64
65. Use of doing ED
• Deriving approximate cell parameters,
modulation vector and superspace group
• Not useful for: precise parameters, precise
modulation vector
• Excellent if multiphase sample or satellites
very weak in XRD/ND
• Be aware of:
– Twinning
– Multiple diffraction (for forbidden refls., for using
intensities,…)
– The possibility of missing important sections of
reciprocal space
65
66. Relation composition –
modulation vector
• Most TEM have EDX available for composition
determination
• Determination of direct links between composition and
modulation vector, also in multiphased samples
x=0 x = 0.2 x = 0.4
a* a* a*
2q 2q 2q
q q q
b* b* b*
Ba4In6-xMgxO13-x/2
(Abakumov et al., Chem. Mater. 20
(13), pp. 4457-4467) 66
67. ED of a composite structure (CS)
a1= a2, b1=b2, с1 с2, q = c1* = c2*
hk00 average cell
hkl0 first subsystem
hk0m second subsystem
hklm satellites
A1+xA’xB1-xO3 first subsystem[(B, A’)O3]
second subsystem [A]
Sr1.3Co0.8Mn0.2O3
Mandal et al., Chem. Mater.,
19, 25 (2007) 6158
67
68. ED of a composite structure (CS)
-
2022
Sr1.3Co0.8Mn0.2O3
Mandal et al., Chem. Mater.,
19, 25 (2007) 6158
68
69. Exercise 2: composite
structure: index the pattern
-
Which reflection is 0011?
[SrF0.82(OH)0.18]2.5[Mn6O12]
Abakumov et al., Chem.Mater.
19, 5 (2007) 1181-1189 69
70. Exercise 2: composite
structure: index the pattern
-
Which reflection is 0011?
[SrF0.82(OH)0.18]2.5[Mn6O12]
Abakumov et al., Chem.Mater.
19, 5 (2007) 1181-1189 70
71. Exercise 2: composite
structure: index the pattern
-
Which reflection is 0012?
[SrF0.82(OH)0.18]2.5[Mn6O12]
Abakumov et al., Chem.Mater.
19, 5 (2007) 1181-1189 71
72. Exercise 2: composite
structure: index the pattern
-
Which reflection is 0012?
[SrF0.82(OH)0.18]2.5[Mn6O12]
Abakumov et al., Chem.Mater.
19, 5 (2007) 1181-1189 72
73. Exercise 2: composite
structure: index the pattern
Which reflection does the
blue arrow point at?
0022 -
-
0021
-
0012
[SrF0.82(OH)0.18]2.5[Mn6O12]
Abakumov et al., Chem.Mater.
19, 5 (2007) 1181-1189 73
74. Exercise 2: composite
structure: index the pattern
Which reflection does the
blue arrow point at?
0022-
[SrF0.82(OH)0.18]2.5[Mn6O12]
Abakumov et al., Chem.Mater.
19, 5 (2007) 1181-1189 74
75. Exercise 2: composite
structure: index the pattern -
solution
[SrF0.82(OH)0.18]2.5[Mn6O12]
Abakumov et al., Chem.Mater.
19, 5 (2007) 1181-1189 75
76. Streaks
• order in the plane,
disorder between
these planes: streak
on ED pattern
• disorder in two
directions: diffuse
intensity plane: streak
or background
intensity depending on
the intersection
[SrF0.82(OH)0.18]2.5[Mn6O12]
Abakumov et al., Chem.Mater.
19, 5 (2007) 1181-1189 76
77. HRTEM and HAADFSTEM-images
HAADF-STEM HRTEM
– contrast related to Zn – complicated phase transfer
– direct information about the function
heavy atom positions – no direct interpretation
– brighter with thickness also possible
– correct orientation very – contrast changes with
important! thickness and defocus
– scanned image: positions – correct orientation very
imprecise important!
– one-shot image: position of
the contrast objects reliable
77
78. Heavy atoms from HAADF-STEM
am
cm
“Pb2Fe2O5” Abakumov et al., Ang.Chemie-Int.Ed., 45, 40
(2006) 6697-6700
78
80. RelationDefocus
structure – image in HRTEM
-700 Å -500 Å -300 Å -100 Å
image influenced by contrast
10 Å
transfer function of the
microsope
30 Å
no direct correspondence
Thickness
50 Å
visual comparison with
simulations needed
70 Å
Pb
Fe
90 Å
O
simple perovskite
80
81. Exercise 3: predict what the ED
pattern will roughly look like
“Pb2Fe2O5”
Hadermann et al., Solid State Sciences,
10; 4 (2008) 382-389 81
82. Exercise 3: predict what the ED
pattern will roughly look like
What will be the subcell reflections?
“Pb2Fe2O5”
Hadermann et al., Solid State Sciences,
10; 4 (2008) 382-389 82
83. Exercise 3: predict what the ED
pattern will roughly look like
What will be the subcell reflections?
“Pb2Fe2O5”
Hadermann et al., Solid State Sciences,
10; 4 (2008) 382-389 83
84. Exercise 3: predict what the ED
pattern will roughly look like
“Pb2Fe2O5”
Hadermann et al., Solid State Sciences,
10; 4 (2008) 382-389
84
85. Exercise 3: predict what the ED
pattern will roughly look like
“Pb2Fe2O5”
Hadermann et al., Solid State Sciences,
10; 4 (2008) 382-389
85
86. Exercise 3: predict what the ED
pattern will roughly look like
“Pb2Fe2O5”
Hadermann et al., Solid State Sciences,
10; 4 (2008) 382-389 86
87. Exercise 3: predict what the ED
pattern will roughly look like
“Pb2Fe2O5”
Hadermann et al., Solid State Sciences,
10; 4 (2008) 382-389 87
89. Domains with varying q
Sr1.3Co0.8Mn0.2O3
Mandal et al., Chem. Mater., 19, 25 (2007) 6158
89
90. Comments to the applicability
of conclusions from TEM
• If the satellites cannot be seen on the XRPD-NPD patterns
it is no use to try to refine the structure using the ED cell.
• Precision of parameters determined from ED is not high.
ED is good for determining parameters (cell parameters
and direction and length of q) qualitatively.
• Good for determining symmetry.
• Can give direct space information and compositional
information also.
90
91. Purpose of this lecture
At the end of this lecture you should be able to:
• Understand the TEM paragraph in papers about IMS and
CS
• Be able to make solid comments about conclusions
claimed from TEM by different sources (collaborators,
papers,…) by knowing some possible pitfalls
• Decide whether it would be useful to do TEM on your own
IMS or CS
• Make basic interpretations of TEM data on your own
materials by yourself
91