Complementarity of advanced TEM to bulk diffraction techniques

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Lecture contains some examples of how advanced TEM techniques can help solve the structure if for some reason bulk diffraction techniques do not allow to propose a model.

Science

$Universiteit Antwerpen Complementarity of TEM to bulk diffraction techniques for structures at nanoscale Joke Hadermann Lecture downloadable from Slideshare.net/johader$

Universiteit Antwerpen
Collaboration with Rosseinsky Group, U. Liverpool
Nature Chemistry 8 (2016) 347

Universiteit Antwerpen
Nature Chemistry 8 (2016) 347

Universiteit Antwerpen
[110]F
[001]P
I
III
2
4
6
Fluorite
Perovskite
I
III
2
4
6
Nature Chemistry 8 (2016) 347

Universiteit Antwerpen
EDX EELS
Nature Chemistry 8 (2016) 347
Fluorite Perov.

Universiteit Antwerpen
Pb0.650Bi0.309Fe1.042O2.675
Overview in
Acta Cryst. B 71 (2015) 127
Fe
Pb/Bi

Universiteit Antwerpen
Pb0.650Bi0.309Fe1.042O2.675
Overview in
Acta Cryst. B 71 (2015) 127
Fe
O

Universiteit Antwerpen
Pb0.650Bi0.309Fe1.042O2.675
Overview in
Acta Cryst. B 71 (2015) 127

Universiteit Antwerpen
Overview in
Acta Cryst. B 71 (2015) 127

Universiteit Antwerpen
K6.4(Nb,Ta)36.3O94
“K2Nb8O21”
a = 37.468(9) Å,
b = 12.493(3) Å,
c = 3.95333(15) Å
Collaboration with
Taras Shevchenko National
University of Kyiv
Universidad de Oviedo
Dalton Transactions
45 (2016) 973

Universiteit Antwerpen
J. Sol. St. Chem. 242 (2016) 86
Collaboration with Peter Battle group, Oxford University
I4/m
P-3c

Universiteit Antwerpen
J. Sol. St. Chem. 242 (2016) 86
Collaboration with Peter Battle group, Oxford University

$Universiteit Antwerpen Quantitative electron diffraction example: cycled Li-batteries Bulk - low sensitivity to Li - poor quality of powder diffraction pattern Bulk + sensitive to Li - necessary amount of sample>1g Single crystal + sensitive to Li + necessary amount of sample <1 mg - 1D projection of 3D reciprocal space + 3D reconstructions of 3D reciprocal space Ab-initio structure determination Powder X-ray diffraction Powder neutron diffraction Electron diffraction tomography$

$Universiteit Antwerpen 3D reconstruction of reciprocal space Electron diff. tom.:U. Kolb et al., Ultramicroscopy 107 (2007) 507-513 PETS: L. Palatinus, PETS-Program for analysis of electron diffraction data, 2011$

Universiteit Antwerpen
Li1-xFe0.5Mn0.5PO4
Mn0.5Fe0.5PO4
+3 +3
LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4
+2 +2
Fe0.5Mn0.5PO4
Li
LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4
Electrochimica acta, 191(2016) 149

Universiteit Antwerpen
Li2FePO4F
LiFePO4
Li/Fe
Submitted to Chem. Mater.

$Universiteit Antwerpen LiRhO2 Li0.55RhO2 LixRhO2 charge -0.45 Li+ charge -~0.45 Li+ 4.1 V3.85 V In-situ synchrotron powder diffraction in electrochemical test cells NEW PHASE Collaboration with D. Mikhailova, Max Planck Inst.Chem.Phys. of Solids Dresden Inorg. Chem., 55 (14), 7079–7089, (2016)$

Universiteit Antwerpen
ramsdellite
2x1 channel rutile
1x1 channel
Inorg. Chem., 55 (14), 7079–7089, (2016)
LixRhO2

Universiteit Antwerpen
LixRhO2
Inorg. Chem., 55 (14), 7079–7089, (2016)

$Universiteit Antwerpen Summary Advanced TEM can add crucial pieces of the puzzle by information on e.g. composition at atomic resolution (EELS, EDX, HAADF- STEM) positions of light atoms (ABF-STEM, EDT) valence and coordination at atomic resolution (EELS) structure of multiphased samples, samples with weak extra reflections, low quality bulk diffraction data, ... (EDT) Lecture downloadable from Slideshare.net/johader$

Universiteit Antwerpen
Acknowledgements
Students and postdocs at EMAT:
Dmitry&Maria Batuk, Olesia Karakulina, Robert Paria Sena
Collaborators:
Artem M. Abakumov, Skoltech
V. Sumanov, O. Drozhzhin, E. Antipov
Moscow State University
D. Mikhailova, Max Planck Inst.Chem.Phys. of Solids Dresden
M. O'Sullivan, M.S. Dyer, J. Alaria, T.D. Manning, J.B. Claridge, M.J.
Rosseinsky, University of Liverpool
A.A. Babaryk, N.S. Slobodyanik, Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv
S. Garcia-Granda, U. Oviedo
FWO grant
G040116N

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This study compared two analytical techniques - EDTA extraction and acid digestion - for measuring heavy metal concentrations in soil. EDTA extraction is a simple procedure that measures free metal ions but not metals bound to soil particles. Acid digestion is a more complex procedure that uses acids to disrupt all metal-soil interactions and measure total metal concentration, but it is time-consuming and hazardous. The study found that EDTA extraction yielded lower metal concentrations than acid digestion, as expected, since it cannot extract bound metals. Both techniques have valid uses in analytical chemistry.

Photothermal Boiling in Aqueous Nanofluids

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The process of photo thermal evaporation in nanofluids finds promising applications in solar energetics, medicine and process technology. Previous studies report highly efficient production of solar steam in fluids with gold nanoparticles. In this article, we establish the process in nanofluids with less expensive carbon black (CB) and iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (NP). Screening the concentration of nanoparticles, we tailor the nanofluids to reach the efficiency maxima: 66% at 3% wt. (CBNP) and 75% at 10% wt (IONP); the steam was superheated up to 10 K (CBNP) and 16 K (IONP). It was also discovered that the IONPs-generated steam was contaminated with nanoparticles. In addition to experimental results, we have developed an empirical model of photo-thermal steam generation in nanofluids. The model agrees well with the experiments. D. Navilan"Photothermal Boiling in Aqueous Nanofluids" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd17114.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/nanotechnology/17114/photothermal-boiling-in-aqueous-nanofluids/d-navilan

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Lone pair cations like Bi3+ and Pb2+ allow for asymmetric coordination environments which can be used to create crystallographic shear planes in perovskite structures. Shear planes involve shifting one part of the structure relative to the other. This results in a new class of anion-deficient perovskite structures called the AnBnO3n-2 homologous series. Unlike other homologous series, these structures have electrically and magnetically active interfaces between perovskite blocks, resulting in frustrated magnetic structures. The orientation and spacing of shear planes can be controlled through composition.

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This document summarizes a research paper that studied the incommensurate modulation and luminescence properties of CaGd2(1-x)Eu2x(MoO4)4(1-y)(WO4)4y phosphors. The researchers found that these materials exhibit incommensurate modulation of the cation ordering due to vacancies in the scheelite structure, which requires description in superspace. Replacing Mo6+ with W6+ switched the modulation from 3+2D to 3+1D, despite their similar sizes. Variations in Eu content changed luminescence intensity but not the modulation periodicity. The results contradict prior reports of simple ordered structures.

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Mapping of chemical order in inorganic compounds

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Presentations of some of the possibilities of observing cation and anion order in perosvkite based structures in order to solve their structure or to solve other questions, when they could not be solved by bulk diffraction techniques. The examples include a (Pb,Bi)FeO3-d compound, a solid oxide fuel cell compound Sr(Nb,Co,Fe)O3-d and several brownmillerite related compounds, as well as a "relaxor ferromagnetic". This was an invited lecture given at the Spring meeting of the British Crystallographic Association in 2014.

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1) The document discusses tunnel manganites, which are compounds containing manganese oxide frameworks that form tunnel structures. These frameworks can accommodate various guest cations in their tunnels. 2) Several examples of tunnel manganite frameworks are described, including pyrolusite, ramsdellite, hollandite, and more complex examples. The document also discusses the types of guest cations that can occupy the tunnels. 3) New examples of tunnel manganites are presented, including SrMn3O6, CaMn3O6, and a todorokite compound with rock salt-type tunnel contents. Composite structural models are discussed that can be used to describe ordering of guest cations

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1) The purpose of the lecture is to teach how to index and determine cell parameters from SAED patterns, determine possible space groups and point groups, and solve simple structures from PED patterns. 2) Example materials used are aluminum and rutile-type SnO2. The slides and exercises for determining unknown cell parameters from SAED patterns are provided. 3) The document provides a step-by-step example of determining the cell parameters of aluminum from its SAED patterns, starting with no prior knowledge of the material. The correct cell is determined to be cubic with a=b=c=4.06 Angstroms.

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The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx

MAGOTI ERNEST

Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024). Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).

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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young

Sérgio Sacani

The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the ‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space, because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago. We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data 1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’ did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.

Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...

Ana Luísa Pinho

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.

Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement

IshaGoswami9

As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus, high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology, and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.

ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx

PRIYANKA PATEL

With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.

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原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样

The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx

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Complementarity of advanced TEM to bulk diffraction techniques

1. Universiteit Antwerpen Complementarity of TEM to bulk diffraction techniques for structures at nanoscale Joke Hadermann Lecture downloadable from Slideshare.net/johader

2. Universiteit Antwerpen Collaboration with Rosseinsky Group, U. Liverpool Nature Chemistry 8 (2016) 347

3. Universiteit Antwerpen Nature Chemistry 8 (2016) 347

4. Universiteit Antwerpen [110]F [001]P I III 2 4 6 Fluorite Perovskite I III 2 4 6 Nature Chemistry 8 (2016) 347

5. Universiteit Antwerpen EDX EELS Nature Chemistry 8 (2016) 347 Fluorite Perov.

6. Universiteit Antwerpen I III 2 4 6

7. Universiteit Antwerpen Pb0.650Bi0.309Fe1.042O2.675 Overview in Acta Cryst. B 71 (2015) 127 Fe Pb/Bi

8. Universiteit Antwerpen Pb0.650Bi0.309Fe1.042O2.675 Overview in Acta Cryst. B 71 (2015) 127 Fe O

9. Universiteit Antwerpen Pb0.650Bi0.309Fe1.042O2.675 Overview in Acta Cryst. B 71 (2015) 127

10. Universiteit Antwerpen Overview in Acta Cryst. B 71 (2015) 127

11. Universiteit Antwerpen K6.4(Nb,Ta)36.3O94 “K2Nb8O21” a = 37.468(9) Å, b = 12.493(3) Å, c = 3.95333(15) Å Collaboration with Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Universidad de Oviedo Dalton Transactions 45 (2016) 973

12. Universiteit Antwerpen J. Sol. St. Chem. 242 (2016) 86 Collaboration with Peter Battle group, Oxford University I4/m P-3c

13. Universiteit Antwerpen J. Sol. St. Chem. 242 (2016) 86 Collaboration with Peter Battle group, Oxford University

14. Universiteit Antwerpen Quantitative electron diffraction example: cycled Li-batteries Bulk - low sensitivity to Li - poor quality of powder diffraction pattern Bulk + sensitive to Li - necessary amount of sample>1g Single crystal + sensitive to Li + necessary amount of sample <1 mg - 1D projection of 3D reciprocal space + 3D reconstructions of 3D reciprocal space Ab-initio structure determination Powder X-ray diffraction Powder neutron diffraction Electron diffraction tomography

15. Universiteit Antwerpen 3D reconstruction of reciprocal space Electron diff. tom.:U. Kolb et al., Ultramicroscopy 107 (2007) 507-513 PETS: L. Palatinus, PETS-Program for analysis of electron diffraction data, 2011

16. Universiteit Antwerpen Li1-xFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 Mn0.5Fe0.5PO4 +3 +3 LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 +2 +2 Fe0.5Mn0.5PO4 Li LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 Electrochimica acta, 191(2016) 149

17. Universiteit Antwerpen Li2FePO4F LiFePO4 Li/Fe Submitted to Chem. Mater.

18. Universiteit Antwerpen LiRhO2 Li0.55RhO2 LixRhO2 charge -0.45 Li+ charge -~0.45 Li+ 4.1 V3.85 V In-situ synchrotron powder diffraction in electrochemical test cells NEW PHASE Collaboration with D. Mikhailova, Max Planck Inst.Chem.Phys. of Solids Dresden Inorg. Chem., 55 (14), 7079–7089, (2016)

19. Universiteit Antwerpen ramsdellite 2x1 channel rutile 1x1 channel Inorg. Chem., 55 (14), 7079–7089, (2016) LixRhO2

20. Universiteit Antwerpen LixRhO2 Inorg. Chem., 55 (14), 7079–7089, (2016)

21. Universiteit Antwerpen Summary Advanced TEM can add crucial pieces of the puzzle by information on e.g. composition at atomic resolution (EELS, EDX, HAADF- STEM) positions of light atoms (ABF-STEM, EDT) valence and coordination at atomic resolution (EELS) structure of multiphased samples, samples with weak extra reflections, low quality bulk diffraction data, ... (EDT) Lecture downloadable from Slideshare.net/johader

22. Universiteit Antwerpen Acknowledgements Students and postdocs at EMAT: Dmitry&Maria Batuk, Olesia Karakulina, Robert Paria Sena Collaborators: Artem M. Abakumov, Skoltech V. Sumanov, O. Drozhzhin, E. Antipov Moscow State University D. Mikhailova, Max Planck Inst.Chem.Phys. of Solids Dresden M. O'Sullivan, M.S. Dyer, J. Alaria, T.D. Manning, J.B. Claridge, M.J. Rosseinsky, University of Liverpool A.A. Babaryk, N.S. Slobodyanik, Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv S. Garcia-Granda, U. Oviedo FWO grant G040116N

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