The document discusses television broadcasting in the UK. It covers several topics: - Television broadcasting was established in 1936 and is controlled by major broadcasters like BBC, ITV, and Channel 4. There are 27,000 hours of national content produced annually for £2.6 billion. - Commercial television relies on advertising for income, while the BBC is state-owned and funded by television license fees. - Advertising on TV is an effective mass-market format, and commercial airtime during popular events is expensive. Some ads include songs that become associated with products.

1. Television Broadcasting
An organization for transmitting visual images and sound that are
copied on screens, mainly used to broadcast programs for
entertainment. The UK industry is controlled by the major
broadcasters and much larger numbers of less well known
broadcasters and production companies. There are nine
terrestrial broadcasters, and it is produced through land based
transmitters. These include BBC, ITV, Channel 4 etc.
TV broadcasting in the UK started in 1936. Now there is a free
and subscription services over range of distribution media.
There is 27, 000 hours of national content made a year at a
cost of £2.6 billion.

2. Commercial television
Commercial Television is a privately owned television
station as opposed to those owned by the state.
Commercial television stations rely on advertisements as
their major source of income for instance ITV. Others
such as BBC are state owned.

3. Advertising
Advertising is a form of communication for marketing
and used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate an
audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a
specific group) to continue or take some new action.
The TV commercial is generally considered the most
effective mass-market advertising format, as is reflected
by the high prices.TV networks charge for commercial
airtime during popular TV events. Some television
commercials feature a song or jingle that listeners soon
relate to the product. Virtual advertisements may be
inserted into regular television programming through
computer graphics.

4. Companies industry
MTV
MTV is owned by Viacom International Media Networks; it is a
PLC company and has been since 1997. It’s a private sector
company.
E4
E4 is owned by the Channel Four Corporation, it is publicly
owned and commercially funded. It’s a public service
broadcaster which is funded by advertising and
sponsorship. It is a public sector company.
ITV
ITV is owned by ITV plc, as well as STV and UTV which are
used in their own respective areas. It was launched in 1955
as independent television. It a commercial public service TV
network.

5. MTV- Viacom
MTV is owned by Viacom International Media Networks; it is a
PLC company and has been since 1997. It’s a private sector
company.
Viacom International media networks also own music and logo
groups such as:
• MTV 2
• MTV hits
• VIVA
• VH1
Viacom also have kids and family channels such as
Nickelodeon and entertainments such as Comedy Central.

6. E4 – Channel Four
E4 is owned by the Channel Four Corporation, it is publicly
owned and commercially funded. It’s a public service
broadcaster which is funded by advertising and
sponsorship. It is a public sector company.
E4 is part of the Sister channels produced by Channel 4
corporation it includes:
• 4 Seven
• More 4
• Film 4
E4 also have U.S. imports such as the Cleavland
show, Desperate housewives and How I met your mother.

7. ITV - PLC
ITV is owned by ITV plc, as well as STV and UTV which are
used in their own respective areas. It was launched in 1955
as independent television. It a commercial public service TV
network.
ITV-PLC own channels including:
• ITV
• ITV 2
• ITV 3
• ITV 4
• ITV HD
• CITV
• The Zone
ITV also have the breakfast contractor that broadcasts
across the network each morning.

8. BBC
The BBC is a 'public corporation':
neither a private corporation nor a
government department. The BBC
owns and international service BBC
Worldwide, it operates several
international television channels
under BBC branding which are:
• BBC World News
• BBC America
• BBC Canada
• BBC HD
• BBC Kids
• BBC Entertainment
• BBC Lifestyle
• BBC Knowledge
• BBC UKTV
• BBC Persian
• UKTV- Commercial television
network in the United Kingdom,
co-owned with Scripps Networks
Interactive.
The BBC also own channels in the
UK:
• BBC One
• BBC Two
• BBC Three
• BBC Four
• BBC News
• BBC Parliament
• CBBC
• CBEEBIES

9. Public Services The BBC Run
S4C
Although this Welsh language channel is not operated by the
Corporation, the BBC contributes programmes funded by the licence
fee as part of its public service obligation. The BBC used to broadcast
Welsh-language programmes on its own channels in Wales, but these
were transferred to S4C when it started broadcasting in 1982.
BBC Alba
A part-time Scottish Gaelic digital-only channel. Although it carries
the BBC name, it is a partnership between the BBC and MG
Alba, with the majority of funding coming from the Scottish
Government via MG Alba. Scottish Gaelic programmes are also
shown on BBC Two in Scotland – subject to approval from the BBC
Trust, they will move to BBC Alba after digital switchover.

10. Funding the BBC
The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast
advertisements; they are instead funded by a television
licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay
annually. This includes viewers who watch real-time
streams of the BBC's channels online or via their mobile
phone. BBC TV international channels are funded by
advertisements and subscription.