Television broadcasting in the UK began in 1936 as a public service without advertising. It has since expanded to include both free-to-air and subscription services across various distribution platforms. There are over 27,000 hours of domestic content produced annually at a cost of £2.6 billion. Major national broadcasters include BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5, while local broadcasters serve specific regions of the UK. Commercial broadcasters rely on advertising revenue, which depends on viewer numbers, while the BBC is publicly funded through an annual license fee.

1. Television Broadcasting
Television broadcasting started in the United Kingdom in 1936 as
public service free of advertising. Now there is a collection of free
and subscription services over a variety of distribution media,
There are 27,000 hours of domestic content produced a year at a
cost of £2.6 billion.
There are many channels such as channel 5. The owners of this industry are northern &
shell. It plays in 4 advertising region. Northern & shell also owns three entertainment
television channels: Channel 5, 5* and 5USA.
The company also owns Portland TV, which
owns the adult TV channels; Television X, Red
Hot TV, and others. Another channel is Channel
4, the owners of this channel are Channel Four
Television Corporation, this company also owns
other TV corporations such as more 4, film 4,
4seven, e4, 4music and channel 4+1.

2. National Television broadcasting
There are many national television broadcasting channels across the UK and some
example of this are:
-BBC: Although the BBC provide channels the US they mainly stream nationally across
England Scotland and Wales.
-ITV: this is a national television channel with both shows produced and hired from
other companies.
Local Television Broadcasting
-Some local television broadcasting channels are:
BBC London
BBC Scotland
BBC North East

3. Public Service
Broadcasting
(The BBC)
The BBC is a public service in the UK. This is
a company which has a purpose of purely
entertaining people rather than its
commercials and advertising. The BBC’s
headquarters in London.

4. How Big is BBC Radio
BBC Radio reaches out to million of people across the united kingdom. BBC radio is
one on the most listened to radio companies in the UK. These are some statistics
showing the success and the expansion and development of BBC on their radio
platform:

5. National Television
Channels

6. Digital TV Channels

7. Regional TV
Channels

8. International
presence
International television is TV broadcasting
around the world. There are thousands of
channels internationally and this is
gradually increasing every year due to the
fact that television has become a normal
facility in any home.

9. BBC License Fee
BBC do not work like any other radio or
television broadcaster in the UK. Unlike
other companies the BBC earn their
finances from a fee that everyone with a
digital device at home has to pay. This
fee is about £145.50 yearly.
The advantages of earning your money from
TV license is that it is a fixed amount yearly
and they will not loose money. There only
way possible of loosing money is if everyone
in the UK threw away their televisions and
never watched TV. This is an advantage
because this means that the BBC will never
go bankrupt or struggle with finances
because they can easily budget due to the
fixed amount of money coming in.
The purpose of the BBC is purely
entertainment purposes and not for
commercial advertisements. They
produce their own shows and broadcast
them on various different channels that
they own.

10. What is Commercial TV
Commercial TV is TV channels and television broadcasting that is run by
advertisements and commercials. Majority of the channels across the
world earn their money from advertisements and this all relies on the
amount of viewers that the channel gain and loose. The more viewers a
channel has the bigger companies will want to advertise on your channel
which equals to more money.
Some Commercial
Television Channels

11. Effects of relying on advertising
revenue
An effect for relying on advertising
revenue for TV broadcasting is that the
company that owns the channel need
to rely on the number of viewers they
have. This is because companies such
as ITV, channel 4 and channel 5 earn all
their finances from all the
advertisements.
They rely on the revenue to fund for
their channel. The better the show
that they can produce they will
attract larger companies hence they
can afford better shows and gain
more viewers.
Smaller companies cannot
advertise on national
channels such as ITV
because the price range to
advertise on a channel
such as ITV is very high. On
the other hand it is very
much possible that small
companies can have a
chance to advertise on ITV
because it may be less
costly when children are at
school and when adults are
working.

12. Do these owners companies have a presence on other media
platforms
BBC: BBC are on other media platforms such as radio e.g. BBC
radio 1,2,3,4,5 and 5live.
ITV: they are on different platforms such as the web. They have
ITV player and their own website with information for people to
see.

13. Channel 4 Television
Company Limited and IBA
Channel Four TV corporation is a large media company that is publically owned. This company is
headquartered in London, United Kingdom. Its original and principal activity is the British national
television network Channel 4. The company was founded in 1982 as Channel Four Television
Company Limited, a completely owned subsidiary of the IBA, and became an independent legal
corporation in 1993. They own Big companies such as channel 4. The IBA appointed and regulated a
number of regional programme TV contractors.
Channel 4 financially depend on advertisements to run there channels or too keep the company
going. This is how most television programs earn there money. They use this money for production
and to buy shows to display on their channel but channel 4 are mainly making their own productions
although they do buy a few shows from American companies.