This document provides information on various engineering topics including types of bridges, forces, CAD, transportation, robotics, geography, GIS, audio/video, manufacturing, and biomedical engineering. It defines key terms for each topic through descriptions and examples. Terms are defined for types of bridges, forces, CAD wireframe and solid models, robotics degrees of freedom and feedback control, GIS vector and raster images, and components of audio/video and multimedia. Materials, processes, and applications are described for manufacturing, genetics, diagnostics, ergonomics, and biomechanical engineering.

1. Terms ReviewEngineering Structures West Tallahatchie High School Ms. Stoller

2. Types of Bridges By picture beam truss arch suspension

3. Types of Bridges By description Truss: made up of many triangles Suspension: The roadway hangs from steel cables Beam: Made up of a horizontal member supported at each end by piers Arch: The force is carried outward to the supports at each end

4. Forces By picture compression tension shear torsion

5. Forces By description Tension: Stretching out a rubber band Shear: Cutting with a scissors Torsion: Twisting the cap off a milk carton, wringing out a towel Compression: Pressing together some squishy play-doh

6. CAD

8. y-axis: vertical

10. Surface models: show solids in addition to lines

12. Four forces on a plane

13. ALICE

14. Persistence of vision - Effect created when the brain receives images faster than it can process them – still images appear to move Celluloid - Thin plastic sheets on which the very first animated characters were drawn

15. Storyboard - A series of pictures that can be used as a guide for making a film Key frame - picture that shows the beginning and ending point in an action sequence

16. Power and Energy

17. Circuit Circuit – the pathway through which electrons travel I walked in a circle around my entire neighborhood, completing the circuit when arriving home.

18. Current Current – the flow of electrons in a wire or other pathway I got swept up in the current out the door at the end of the concert.

19. Voltage Voltage – the force that causes electrons to flow. With greater voltage, there are more electrons all stored in one location and waiting to move A 9 volt battery is stronger than a 1.5 volt battery because it has more force.

20. The Law of charges Says that unlike charges attract; like charges repel. The law of charges is the reason why magnets either push apart or get stuck together.

21. Robotics Terminology

22. Degree of freedom – the ability of a robot to move in one direction How many degrees of freedom does your wrist have?

23. Feedback Control – the process of changing one’s actions through signals If the robotic dog did not have feedback control, it could not respond to its surroundings.

24. Work envelope Work Envelope – the area a robot arm moves within The robot could not reach the light pole because it was not within his work envelope.

25. Latitude Longitude Longitude lines are imaginary lines on the earth's surface that run from pole to pole around the globe and tell you your distance east or west from the Prime Meridian. When you think of longitude, think of long, tall telephone poles. Latitude lines are imaginary lines on the earth's surface. They run east and west around the globe and tell you your distance north or south of the Equator. Every point on the 20 degree north latitude line is 20 degrees north of the equator.

26. GIS

27. Equator The Equator is the largest of all latitude lines, equally distant between the north and south poles. The Equator runs east to west through Africa, where it gets the hottest on Earth.

28. Prime Meridian The first, longest longitude line, at 0 degrees longitude, is the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian runs north to south through Greenwich, England.

29. Resolution Resolution means the detail an image holds. As we zoomed into the map, we could see that the resolution of the satellite photo was very high – we could even see the car outside my house!

30. Vector Raster A vector image is an image made up of shapes and lines. The GIS program mostly worked with vector images, so you did not see colorful trees or road signs, but you did see the crisp outline of roads and bodies of water. A raster image is an image made up of pixels (tiny dots). Most digital images are raster images, displaying the picture as different colored points on a grid.

31. Audio/Video

32. Audio – what we hear on a broadcast I thought the picture was good, but the audio was crackly and hard to hear. Multimedia – combination of text, video, and music (for example, games) The presentation should be multimedia-not just words, but sound and video! Video – the part of the telecast that you see I am going to make a video one day that shows what it is like to go to high school.

33. Manufacturing

34. Synthetic materials Made by people Natural materials From nature Industrial materials Used to make products Raw materials Straight from nature

35. Biomedical

36. Genetic engineering means changing the genetic materials (genes) that make up living organisms. The diagnostic processinvolves finding out what a person is sick from.

37. Ergonomics means designing equipment that is comfortable for people.

38. the use of engineering principles and design procedures to solve medical problems Biomechanical engineering The engineer designed a prosthesis using biomedical engineering.