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TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering
Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015, pp. 353 ~ 362
DOI: 10.11591/telkomnika.v14i2.7676  353
Received February 19, 2015; Revised April 16, 2015; Accepted April 30, 2015
Technology Content Analysis with Technometric
Theory Approach to Improve Performance in
Radiodiagnostic Installation
Bambang Guruh Irianto*, Abdul Rahman, Dwi Herry Andayani
Departement of Electromedical Engineering Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya,
Jl Pucang Jajar Timur 10 Surabaya, 031-5037095
*Corresponding author, e-mail: bgi_ps@yahoo.com
Abstract
Radiologic installation be facilitated with medical equipment for supporting of health services in
investigation of disease. There are 3 (three) criteria technology of equipment: investigation with
sophisticated equipment (CT scans single slice), investigation with a medium-sized enterprises equipment
(general x-ray ≤ 300 mA / 125 KV) and simple equipment (Portable Dental x-ray ≤ 8mA /70 KV). In view of
contribution to the Hospital, Radiologic installation from 2008 until 2012 has decreased, the data as
follows: The year 2008 was 6.8 percent; in 2009 was 4.3 percent; in 2010 was 2.5 percent; in 2011 was
2.3 percent; and in 2012 was 2.6 percent.By using approach of technometric theory, the study measures
the significant contribution of each component of technology that consists of aspects: Technoware,
Humanware, Inforware, Orgaware in Radiologic Installation, and also want to know about the
sophistication of the technology which is used in indicators Technology contribution coefficien (TCC), so
factors that affect experienced performance result can be known, where TCC are: TCC High Technology
TCC_tt =0,490 if T_tt= 0,387 H= 0,519 I= 0,538 O=0,534 TCC Middle technology TCC_tm=0,443 if
T_tm=0,258 H=0,519 I=0,538 O=0,534TCC Simple technology TCC_ts =0,398 if T_ts=0,168 H=0,519
I=0,538 O=0,534If the value of component technology (T,H,I,O) is less than TCC, its means that
Radiologic Installation Unit is in decreasing phase, a condition that cannot be left, need the directors’s
action immediately to formulate the right and fast policies to protect it from lost. The final result of study is a
gap almost everywhere from the three technology component Humanware = 0,519, Inforware = 0,538,
Orgaware = 0,534, but the gap between most components in technology aspects Technoware (0,387,
0,258, 0,168), that means that development strategy of Radiologic Installation unit be prioritized on
increasing aspects Technoware (rejuvenation medical equipment).
Keywords: technoware, humanware, infoware, orgaware, TCC (Technology Contribution Coefficien),
technometric theory
Copyright © 2015 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Installing Radiologic is one of the supporting health services unit in the hospital. Service
Quality radiologic, depending on the quality of human resources, beside that depends on
sophisticated equipment that is used. This means that, equipment which is used always
radiologic in its prime condition, both physically and function, so it can produce a high quality
radiograph. Guarantee quality is produced, reflect unit radiologic can to pass a better service
has been determined, who will finally be able to provide information and accurate diagnosis, by
keeping (pressing be at a minimum) impact shelf radiation is on patients, operator, radiologist
technician [1]. Business health services are managed by East Java government; especially Haji
Hospital Surabaya in Installing Radiologic has good facilities supporting equipment diagnostic
tests. According to decision of Minister of Health According to the decision R. I Number 1122
/SK/ VIII/2003 dated August 5, 2003, about technical guidance of equipment electrometric
grouping into 3 groups levels of technology are simple technology (Dental x-ray, Panoramic
View dental x-ray, The film Dryer, Film viewer); the technology and medium enterprises (Basic
x-ray unit, x-ray mobile unit, automatic processing Film); and the high technology (CT scans
single slice spiral diagnostic 500 mA/130 KV) [2].
Now the number of technology equipment medium-sized enterprises owned Haji
Hospital is 3 (three) unit of General x-ray diagnostic capacity 500 mA/125 KV, 3 (three) Mobile
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354
unit x-ray diagnostic capacity 300 mA/125 KV, 1 (one) unit Thorax Airbags But x-ray 30 mA/100
KV, 1 (one) unit Dental x-ray diagnostic capacity 6 mA/70 KV, 2 (two) unit Panoramic View
dental x-ray capacity 8 mA/70 KV, and 1 (one) unit of C-Arm x-ray diagnostic 300 mA/100 KV
[3, 4].
Based on data Installing diagnostic Haji Hospital, Surabaya, has diagnostic support
services since 2008 to 2012 especially for types of products General x-ray diagnostic tests,
experienced in the range 12.47 percent every year while on the type of product Dental x-ray
diagnostic products and CT scans diagnostic each, experienced around 17 percent each In.
This condition pushed the directors to make improvements and continuous development in
various aspects of the finishing process, one of them was Radiologic has planned to add 1
(one) unitMRI 0.5 tesla open gantry and 1 (one) unit Angiography and Catlab new generation.
(5) Need much funds for investments in equipment diagnostic high-tech, and to prevent
planning technology development which not appropriate, so it needs be done measurement
technology components contributed to Haji Hospital, Surabaya, especially for aspects
(Technoware technology the components (T), Humanware (H), Inforware (I) and Orgaware (O)
hopeful the directors are able to determine about planning of good and right technology
development policy [6-9].
2. Proposed Technology Content Analysis with Technometric Theory to Approach
Performance
Base on those above, this study want to know about the technology aspects (T=
aspects (Technoware, H= Humanware, I= Inforware and O= Orgaware) especially in unit
installing radiologic.The result of the study are to know level sophisticated technology in unit
Radiologic, also is needed in levels of management sebagai referensi to determine policy in the
development and the increase supporting facilities from year to year in accordance with
kebutuhanmasyarakat dynamics [10]. Use of technology management technometric has been
adapted in or measurements dan control Jabarata water port [9]. After the corner based on
MEMS (micro-elektromekanis system) accelerometers studied, the angle as much as accurate
in any condition can be reduced the analysis of the acceleration of the wings double in the
position that bebeda. Further research Yuan Rongchang applying folding wings are controlled to
change the aspect ratio of the wing is an efficient way to get the best overall performance of the
aircraft in different phases of flight missions [11].
Identification of the problems :The factors which influencing of radiodiagnostic
technology are contribution of each component in radiodiagnostic installation T_irdx, % H_irdx)
and its earnings contribution to the overall income of Haji Hospital, Surabaya for 5 ( five ) years
(from 2008 until 2012 ).The problem: The study be restricted by technology aspects of the
problem (T_irdx, H_irdx) of resources in Radiodiagnostic Intallation, Haji Hospital, Surabaya.
Forrmula of Problem:
1) Is there any relationship between the technology to increase productivity?,
2) Is there any a significant relation exists between humanware to technoware (T_tt,
T_tm, T_ts)?
3) How possible approach of technometric theory can be applied as technology
development policy at Radiodiagnostic installation?
General purpose: To know the contribution of every component humanware, inforware
and orgaware radiodiagnostic ) at Haji hospital, Surabaya.Specific purpose: (1) To measures
the level of sophistication (sophistication) of technology that be used in comparison with the
state-of-the-art "current; (2) To measure/calculate contribution of Technoware and Humanware
at radiodiagnostic installation of especially simple, medium and high elektromedik equipment;
(3) To analyze the content of technology by calculating the contribution component of the
technology (T, H) and calculate T C C at every level of technology (TCC_tt,TCC_tm,TCC_ts )
.
3. Research Methodology
The Design is a non experimental research on research/analytical survey by survey
research analytical cross sectional. The population are whole elektromedik equipment on the
Radiodiagnostic Installation, Haji Hospital Surabaya, and the sample using Probability sample
procedure. The samples are divided into 3 (three grouped), namely high-tech () medical
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355
equipment, high technology and technology.The sample used in this study are grouped into 3
(three), namely high-tech (Sophisticated), médium, and simplel equipment, consist of 31 (thirty-
one) the tool in every group, be grouping by using proporsional stratified random sampling
techniques. The instruments and data collection techniques are using: Cheklist, interview with
the user of equipment and expert opinion (expert).
Research hypotheses: (1) there is a relationship between the content of contribution of
technology with increased productivity; (2) There is a significant relationship between the
Humanware and Technoware (T_tt, T_tm, T_ts).
The place and time of study are at installation radiodiagnostic Haji Hospital, Surabaya,
from December 2011 until the end of February 2012.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Results
4.1.1. Resultsand Data Analysis Technoware
4.1.1.1. Resultsand Data Analysis Technoware High Technology Equipment
Results and Data analysis of Sophisticated Technoware.The table below is data from
sub components, Tube Housing Assembling technoware (THA) as a production machine
radiation (T1_tt) is seen as the most important components or that has a value of straegis from
the component technoware.
Table 1. Contribution component Technoware CT Scan (T_tt)
Criteria Value (1,00) Normalized Contribution
Tube Housing Assembling ( THA ) ( T1_tt ) 0,20 0,333
Power high voltage System ( T2_tt ) 0,20 0,356
Diagonal moving gantryEngine ( T3 _tt ) 0,20 0,400
Mobile transportMachine ( T4_tt ) 0,20 0,444
Image procesing ( T5 _tt ) 0,20 0,400
T_tt : 0,387
From these data be compared to state-of-the-art (SOA), that the level of contribution
technoware it is at the lowest level, it is given the sub-components T1_tt which has been used
since 2003 when compared with the level sophisticated equipment technoware have a span of 6
years in the future that only occupy contribution level T1_tt = 0.333 lower than the level of the
overall contribution technoware T_tt = 0.387. While technoware T_tt = 0.387 level was still much
lower toward TCC_tt value = 0.490, meaning that the components technoware T_tt as an
internal barrier to performance and productivity in the service of radiodiagnostic installation unit.
Ideally technoware contribution must be greater or equal to the value of at least TCC_tt. So also
in the sub-components technoware T2_tt = 0356 "high-voltage power system" when compared
with the state-of-the-art today, where the level of technology is no longer using a single source,
but most units have a CT scan using a double-source technology.
4.1.1.2. Results and Data Analysis Technoware Intermediated Technology Equipment
The table below is a sub-component of data technoware, (X-ray tube) as a sub-
component of the radiation production machine (T1_tm).
Table 2. Contribution component Technoware X ray (tm)
Criteria Value ( 1,00 )Normalized Contribution
X ray tube ( T1_tm ) 0,20 0,311
HighVoltageGeneratorSystem ( T2_tm ) 0,20 0,311
Control tabel sistem ( T3_tm ) 0,20 0,178
Pasien table ( T4_tm ) 0,20 0,133
Image processing ( T5_tm ) 0,20 0,356
T_tm : 0,256
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From the data above be measurement and be compared with state-of-the-art (SOA),
the level of contributions that are at a level technoware contribution T1_tm = 0.311 means it is
under the level value TCC_tm = 0.443,t1_tmdue tothe sub-components that have beenused 16
years ago. From the results of the measurement of the level of midle technology T_tm = 0.258
was still far lower than the value of TCC_tm = 0.443. On sub technoware components T2_tm =
0.311 (high-voltage power system), sub technoware components, T3_ts = 0.178 (table Control
system), sub components technoware T4_tm = 0.133 technoware components and sub T5_tm
= 0.356 (image processing) in its whole if be compared with state-of-the-art, it is lower to the
TCC_tm = 0.443,it ismeans components technoware tm as inhibitors of internal productivity
performance, especially the sub-components teknoware is considered the main sub-
components in generating radiation. Technoware contribution should ideally be at least as large
or mid value TCC_tm
4.1.1.3. Results and Data Analysis Technoware Simple Technology Equipment
The table below is a sub-component of data technoware, (X-ray tube) as a sub-
component of the radiation production machine (T1_ts).
Table 3. Contribution component Technoware x ray (ts)
Criteria Value ( 1,00 )Normalized Contribution
X ray tube ( T1_ts ) 0,20 0,144
HighVoltageGeneratorSystem ( T2_ts ) 0,20 0,249
Control tabel sistem ( T3_tm ) 0,20 0,167
Pasien table ( T4_ts ) 0,20 0,133
Image processing ( T5_ts ) 0,20 0,156
T_ts : 0,168
From the data above be measurement and be compared with state-of-the-art (SOA),
the level of contributions that are at a level technoware contribution T1_ts = 0.144 means it is
under the level value TCC_ts = 0.398. From the results of the measurement of the level of
simple technology T_ts = 0.168 was still far lower than the value of TCC_ts = 0.398. On sub
technoware components T2_ts = 0.249 (high-voltage power system), sub technoware
components, T3_ts = 0.167 (table Control system), sub components technoware T4_ts = 0.133
technoware components and sub T5_ts = 0.156 (image processing) in its whole if be compared
with state-of-the-art, it is lower to the TCC_ts = 0.398, it is means components technoware as
inhibitors of internal productivity performance, especially the sub-components teknoware is
considered the main sub-components in generating radiation. Technoware contribution should
ideally beat least as large or mid value TCC_ts
4.1.2. Results and Data Analysis Humanware at Radiodiagnostic Installation
Result of the contribution components humanware is from surveys and checklist those
has been rated by the experts in their field.
Table 4. Results of Contribution component of Humanware
Criteria ValueNormalized Contribution
Capability of doctor / Radiolog (H1) 0,25 0,746
Capability of Radiografer (H2) 0,25 0,569
Capability of technician (H3) 0,25 0,549
Capability ofStaf f/ Administration (H4) 0,25 0,211
H : 0,519
Value of the contribution on the humanware elements in the table above are the results
of the survey and assessment by the head of the Radiodiagnostic installation. The results of
measurements and calculations of humanware almost whole of the humanware (H1 = 0,746, H2
=0,569, H3 = 0.549, H4 = 0.211) is above the value of TCC = (TCC_tt = 0,490, TCC_tm =
TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046 
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0.443, TCC_ts = 0.398), it is mean that components of humanware is good so that the
radiodiagnostic installation unit for human resources are good and capable of evolving to future.
4.1.3. Results and Data Analysis Inforware at Radiodiagnostic Installation
Result of the contribution components Inforware is from surveys and checklist those has
been rated by the experts in their field.
Table 5. Results of Contribution component ofInforware
Criteria ValueNormalized Contribution
Technoware specific Inforware (I1) 0,33 0,530
Humanware specific Inforware (I2) 0,33 0,537
Orgaware specific Inforware (I3) 0,33 0,550
I : 0,538
Value of the contribution on the Inforware elements in the table above are the results of
the survey and assessment by expertswho are competent in their field. The results of
measurements and calculations of Inforware almost whole of the Inforware is above the value of
technoware. it is mean that components of Inforware is good so that the radiodiagnostic
installation unit for inforware resources are good and capable of evolving to future.
4.1.4. Results and Data Analysis Orgaware at Radiodiagnostic Installation
Result of the contribution components Orgaware is from surveys and checklist those
has been rated by the experts in their field.
Table 6. Results of Contribution component of Orgaware
Criteria ValueNormalized Contribution
Work Organization(O1) 0,25 0,524
Work Facilities (O2) 0,25 0,533
Work Modification (O3) 0,25 0,533
Work Evaluation (O4) 0,25 0,544
O : 0,534
Value of the contribution on the Inforware elements in the table above is the results of
the survey and assessment by experts who are competent in their field. The results of
measurements and calculations of Inforware almost whole of the Inforware is above the value of
technoware. it is mean that components of Orgaware is good so that the radiodiagnostic
installation unit for Orgaware resources are good and capable of evolving to future.
4.1.5. The Measurement of Contribution Technology Components
The assessment is a Score of technological indicators be compared with state-of-the-
art, then the value are normalized, if the result ≈ 1, means technology indicator are to be better.
Measurement of contribution components are by considering the limitations of the level
of sophistication and rate of assessment (state of the art). The calculation results of all
technology components in the Table 7.
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Table 7. Measurement of contribution componen
No Komponen Teknologi
Batas SO
A
Kontribusi
Dinormalka
n
T,H,I,
O
TCC
UL LL
1 TECHNOWARE
High Technology
Tube Housing Assembling (THA) T1 6 2 0,25 0,333
0,387
High Tension Transformator (HTT) T2 6 2 0,30 0,356
Diagonal Moving Gantry T3 6 2 0,40 0,400 0,490
Mobile Transport Machine T4 6 2 0,50 0,444
Image Processing T5 6 2 0,40 0,400
Intermediated Technology
X-Ray Tube T1 6 2 0,20 0,311
0,258
High Tension Transformator (HTT) T2 6 2 0,20 0,311
Control Table System T3 4 1 0,20 0,178 0,443
Patient Table T4 3 1 0,10 0,133
Image Processing T5 6 2 0,30 0,356
Simple Tehnology
X-Ray Tube T1 4 1 0,10 0,144
0,168
High Tension Transformator (HTT) T2 5 2 0,05 0,239
Control Table System T3 6 1 0,10 0,167 0,398
Patient Table T4 3 1 0,10 0,133
Image Processing T5 5 1 0,10 0,156
2 HUMANWARE
Capability of Medical H1 8 5 0,57 0,746
0,519
Capabilities of Radiografer H2 7 3 0,53 0,569
Capability of Technician H3 6 4 0,47 0,549
Capability of Staff/ Admistration H4 4 1 0,30 0,211
3 INFORWARE
Tehnoware specific INFORWARE I1 6 3 0,59 0,530
0,538Humanware specific INFORWARE I2 6 3 0,61 0,537
Orgaware specific INFORWARE I3 7 2 0,59 0,550
4 ORGAWARE
Work Organization O1 7 3 0,43 0,524
0,534
Work Fasilitation O2 6 4 0,40 0,533
Work Evaluation O3 6 4 0,45 0,544
Work Modification O4 6 4 0,40 0,533
Source: results of the calculation of the upper limit, lower limit, SOA as well as the contributions
that normalized on the installation of Radiodiagnostic in 2009, the value of SOA (state of the art)
Pandey (1998).
4.1.6. MeasurementTechnology Contribution Coefficient (TCC)
In calculations, the study used a valuing method for intensity as follows (t + h + i +
o  1) atau (0,25 + 0,25 + 0,25 + 0,25 = 1), every value is (  ) = 0,25.. After known the value
of the contribution and value of the intensity of the contribution of each component of the
technology, then the value can be obtained by TCC as presented in the table bel ow, where:
TCC = Tt
* Hh
* Ii
* Oo.
Table 8. Results of calculation of TCC component Technology
Component
Technology
Component Technology
Contribution
Intensity of
Component Technology
Contribution (β)
TCC_Inst
Rdx
Technoware (T_tt ) 0.387
0.25
0.490
Technoware (T_tm) 0.258 0.443
Technoware (T_ts ) 0.168 0.398
Humanware (H) 0.519 0.25
Inforware ( I ) 0.538 0.25
Orgaware (O ) 0.534 0.25
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Interpretation of calculation technology content results is at level simple, intermediate,
and high technology in the radiodiagnostic installation in 2009. High-tech Technologies from to
simple calculation result TCC component Technology.
Table 9. Technology components High Technology, Intermediate Technology and Simple
Technology
Technology Components
High Technology Intermediate Technology
Simple
Technology
Technoware ( T ) 0,387 0,258 0,168
Humanware ( H ) 0,519 0,519 0,519
Infoware ( I ) 0,538 0,538 0,538
Orgaware ( O ) 0,534 0,534 0,534
Table 7: Technology Contribution Coefficient
High Technology ( TCC_tt ) 0,490
Intermediate Technology ( TCC_tm) 0,443
Simple Technology (TCC_ts ) 0,398
4.2. Discussion the results of the measurement of the degree of Recency Technoware
4.2.1.Measurement of the degree of Recency of High Technology Level
Measurement of the degree of immediacy of the Intermediate Technology
Level.Measurement of the degree of immediacy of intermediate Technology in the form of
"General X ray capacity ≤ 300 mA/125 KV", by considering of 5 indicators on the activity of
production processes which include: radiation x-ray (T1_tm), a system of high-voltage
Generators (T2_tm), Table Control System (T3_tm) and Patient Table (T4_tm) that works
entirely controlled by operator (humanware = H2) are trained and skilled, and image prossesing
(T5_tm).
Results calculation of the contribution of technology in sub component technoware
above, contribution Image Processing (T5_tm) = 0.356 contributed to the highest level, followed
by the next level of contribution at unit x-ray Tube (T1_tm) = 0.311, high-voltage Power System
(T2_tm) = 0.311, System Control Table System (T3_tm) = 0.178 and lowest contributions were
on the Patient Table (T4_tm) = 0.133.
This shows that the contribution of the intermediate-tech equipment on technoware only
at position T_tm = 0.256, means much lower still to TCC, where (TCC_tm) = 0.443. That is
when the amount of the contribution technoware (T_tm) = 0.256 ≤ (TCC_tm) = 0.443 ≤ 1, it can
be said that the ability of technoware far behind because of the great contribution is ideally
technoware (TCC_tm) ≤ (T_tm) ≤ 1. Such a condition can result in a performance in service will
be derailed or can result in high response time to exceed minimum service standards (SPM).
Measurement Of The Degree Of Immediacy Of Simple Technology.
A simple form of technological units of measurement "portable Dental x-rays capacity ≤
8 mA/70 KV" which has been measured by considering 5 or at activity indicator of radiation
production processes which include: X-Ray Tube (T1_ts) = (T1_ts) = 0.144, high-voltage Power
System (T2_ts) = 0.249, Table Control System (T3_ts) = 0.167 and Patient Table (T4_ts) =
0.133 as well as Image prossesing (T5_ts) = 0.156, which work completely controlled directly by
the operator (humanware = H2).
By looking at the results above, the contribution of technology in sub component
technoware, seen that the contribution System Voltage Generator Tingggi (T2_ts) = 0.249 is
contributed the largest and lowest contributions were on the Patient Table (T4_ts) = 0.133.
The overall contributions on simple technology equipment (unit "Portable Dental x-rays
capacity ≤ 8 mA/70 KV") only can be reached to (T_ts) = 0.168, means it is still much lower than
the simple technological level for TCC i.e. (TCC_ts) = 0.398. This condition is affected by the
length of the operation of the tool has been (16 years).That means if the number of
contributions on simple technological technoware (T_ts) = 0.168 ≤ (TCC_ts) = 0.398 ≤ 1, it is
means radiodiagnostic installation to the level of simple technology in unhealthy conditions,
consequently decreasing automatically performance and capability contributions also
decreased.
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4.2.2. Measurement Of Degree Of Recency Humanware
Humanware at this research is divided according to the position and tasks of the
existing workforce, health worker is divided into direct health worker (the doctor/medical
personnel and Radiografer) and indirect health worker (head of the installation, the head of the
room, technicians, administrative personnel), while the indicators being measured is an indicator
that can be developed and applied. Data processing at this part seen that degree of
sophistication in the installation radiodiagnostic have approached the ideal conditions with the
overall contribution of humanware (H) = 0.519, where conditions are far above the level of
technology at both TCC high, medium and simple, namely the level of contribution of
humanware (H = 0.519) ≥ (TCC-tt = 0.490, tm = 0.443-TCC, TCC-ts = 0.398).
4.2.3. Measurement on Direct Health worker
Direct health worker in conditions by installing radiodiagnostic on only medical
personnel (physicians Radiology) and Radiografer personnel who have been specially trained
for the operation of a CT Scan equipment i.e. H1 (0.746) and H2 (0.569), the magnitude of the
H1 and H2 that exceeds the amount of the contribution humanware H (0.519) and also on the
value of the TCC (TCC-tt = 0.490, tm = 0.443-TCC, TCC-ts = 0.398). This means aspects of
humanware are quite ready to embrace technological developments in medical equipment,
which will improve management or add a much more up-to-date facility/modern.
4.2.4. Measurement on Indirect Health Worker
Indirect health worker here include head installation, internal and external technician technicians
from the single agent Administration Officer as well as tool origin. From the measurement
results obtained (0.549) H3 and H4 (0,211), this means that the necessary staff and officers and
held a special administration skills enhancement in order to increase the response time the time
service, so all lines of humanware can run well.
4.2.5. The High Base-technology Gap on Technoware Component
Underlying the low contribution of high technology on technoware once compared the
state of the art (SOA), as well as with the results of studies directly to the existence of high-tech
equipment owned by the installation of Radiodiagnostik until the year and month components of
some measurement technology with the main component level on a CT-Scan, clear look that
"Housing Tube Assembley (THA)" T1_tt (SOA = 0.25) and contribute only reached 0.333, as
well as on the "high-voltage power system" T2_tt (SOA = 0.30) and contributions which only
reached level T_tt = 0.356 contribution means a position under the TCC_tt = 0.490. When
compared to the State of the art (SOA) are far behind, can understand that CT Scan single slice
is installed since 2003 is up to date at the time, but with the development time as well as
advances in technology that have been popping up for a 64 slice CT Scan, CT Scan of
immediacy means installation radiodiagnostic positions are only at level (T_tt) = 0.356, resulting
in much lower against TCC_tt = 0.490, especially if compared with the technology of today
(SOA = 0.999).
4.2.6. The Intermediate-technology Gap on Technoware Component
Underlying the low contribution of high technology on technoware after compared with
State-of-the-art, as well as with the results of studies directly to the existence of a dental
panoramic equipment with a capacity of 300 mA/120 KV, almost all sub components are very
far behind technological advances in recent years, the average value of the maximum
contribution only where T_tm = 0.20 (≤ 0.20 SOA ≤ 1). Locally installed technologies since 2003
have not undergone rejuvenation technology, so it has not been able to offset the power of
resilience in the global currents. Immediacy of Panoramic dental x-rays that there could only be
at level (T_tm) = 0.256, still much lower against TCC_tm = 0.443, especially if compared with
the technology of today (SOA = 0.999).
4.2.7. The Simple-technology Gap on Technoware Component
Underlying the low contribution technoware on technology is simple once compared
State-of-the-art, as well as with the results of studies directly to the existence of the portable
equipment dental x-rays capacity of 8 mA/70 KV Radiodiagnostic Installation owned by almost
all sub components are very far behind technological advances millenium, maximum average
TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046 
Technology Content Analysis with Technometric Theory Approach… (Bambang Guruh Irianto)
361
value of contributions only a maximum of T_ts = (0.168 ≤ SOA = 0.398 ≤ 0.99). This is indeed
the facilities installed since 2003 haven't changed rejuvenation technology.
5. Conclusion
(1) The percentage contribution of high technology equipment technowarepada (T_tt =
0.387), high technology (T_tm = 0.256) and simple technology (T_ts = 0.168), while for
component technologies Humanware (H = 0,519), (2) The percentage of the contribution
revenue unit installation radiodiagnostic of the overall hospital revenue over the past 5 years
since 2008-2012terbukti decline of 6.8% (2008), 4.3% (2009), 2.5% (2010), 2.3%(2011) and
2.6% (2012). This means that the installation radiodiagnostic income for 5 years only
experienced an average growth of 3.7%, however in 2008 the contributions unit installation
radiodiagnostic precisely under the average estimated that only 2.6%.(3) Technological Aspect
on technoware and humanware, where the amount of the contribution technoware (T_tt) =
0.358 ≤ (TCC_tt = 0.490) ≤ 1, then it can be said that the ability of technoware far behind. This
can lead to performance in service will be derailed or result in high response time to exceed
minimum service standards (SPM). (4) Contributions on simple technology technoware (T_ts) =
0.168 ≤ (TCC_ts) = 0.398 ≤ 1 means on the level of simple technology in unhealthy conditions,
consequently decreasing outomatis performance and capability contributions also decreased.
(4) the overall contribution of humanware (H) = 0.519 where conditions are still far above the
level of technology at both TCC high, medium and simple means that the level of contribution of
humanware (H = 0.519) ≥ (TCC-tt = 0.490, tm = 0.443-TCC, TCC-ts = 0.398). Broadly speaking
skill is much more appreciated than on education (qualification), this is caused by often requiring
human resources skill development training to follow, so the expertise owned can be
standardized. With individual contributions reaching humanware (H = 0.519), felt was enough to
cover on to the three levels of existing equipment technology, but if it is still deemed necessary
to improve the skill of humanware can be improved in the framework of anticipating possible
skill demanding technoware is higher. (5) There is a significant relationship between the
humanware and high-tech equipment on technoware, medium sized and simple; and there is a
connection between contributions to the content of the technology with the increased
productivity. (6) By applying the theory of technometric can be found the solution in the
implementation of the policy on installation of radiodiagnostic in the future. (7) The results of
measurements of the degree of immediacy of the technology with respect to the level of power
of the state-of-the-art, apparently the result is still very far from the immediacy of state of the art
(1.0). While on a high-tech technoware only reached TCC_tt = 0.490, TCC level high technology
TCC_tm technoware = 0.443 simple technology, and on the value of TCC_ts only = 0.398.(8)
The results of measurement and calculation of the contribution of technology in some
components and humanware technoware for high-tech T_tt = 0.387, medium = 0.258 T_tm
technology, and simple technology T_ts = 0.168 and humanware H = 0.519 this indicates that
the component has a higher contribution of humanware from technoware.
References
[1] Ministry of Health Directorate General of Medical Services. Guidelines for radiology services in
hospitals and health care facilities. Jakarta: MOH 1999.
[2] Ministry of Health Directorate General of Medical Services. Guidelines for radiology services in
hospitals and health care facilities. Jakarta: MOH. 2003
[3] Alkadri, Riyadi DS, Muchide, Siswanto, Fathoni. Editors. Management technology for the development
of the region: Basic concepts, case studies and policy implication. Board of policy assessment center
technology assessment area and the application of technology assessment. Jakarta. 2001
[4] Ministry of Health Directorate General of Medical Services. Radiology Services Class B General
Hospital Education. Jakarta: MOH.1999.
[5] Ministry of Health Directorate General of Medical Services. Guide lines for Quality Assurance
Radiological Fasilities .Jakarta: MOH. 1999.
[6] Ramanathan K. Measurement of Technology at the firm level. Science and Public Policy. 1988; 15:
230-248.
[7] Ramanathan K. Measurement of Technology Indicators. Science and Technology Management
Information System. 1998; 16.
[8] Tjakraatmadja, Jann Hidayat. Managementof Technology: Industrial Engineering Management
Studies. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung. 1997.
 ISSN: 2302-4046
TELKOMNIKA Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015 : 353 – 362
362
[9] Haryono. Management module technology: Convection Industrial Technology Assessment Case
Study. Jakarta: PT Sigma. 2003
[10] Zheng Xiangming, Yin Chong, Wang Peng, Guo shuzhen. Folding angle measurement and control
technology of deformable UAV. TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2013;
11(4): 1877-1882.
[11] Ji Zhixiang, Yuan Rongchang, Li Lixin, et al. Desagn and Analysis Unified resource management
platform of grid dispatching system based on virtualization technology. TELKOMNIKA Indonesian
Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2014; 12(3): 2014-2020.

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Technology Content Analysis with Technometric Theory Approach to Improve Performance in Radiodiagnostic Installation

  • 1. TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015, pp. 353 ~ 362 DOI: 10.11591/telkomnika.v14i2.7676  353 Received February 19, 2015; Revised April 16, 2015; Accepted April 30, 2015 Technology Content Analysis with Technometric Theory Approach to Improve Performance in Radiodiagnostic Installation Bambang Guruh Irianto*, Abdul Rahman, Dwi Herry Andayani Departement of Electromedical Engineering Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya, Jl Pucang Jajar Timur 10 Surabaya, 031-5037095 *Corresponding author, e-mail: bgi_ps@yahoo.com Abstract Radiologic installation be facilitated with medical equipment for supporting of health services in investigation of disease. There are 3 (three) criteria technology of equipment: investigation with sophisticated equipment (CT scans single slice), investigation with a medium-sized enterprises equipment (general x-ray ≤ 300 mA / 125 KV) and simple equipment (Portable Dental x-ray ≤ 8mA /70 KV). In view of contribution to the Hospital, Radiologic installation from 2008 until 2012 has decreased, the data as follows: The year 2008 was 6.8 percent; in 2009 was 4.3 percent; in 2010 was 2.5 percent; in 2011 was 2.3 percent; and in 2012 was 2.6 percent.By using approach of technometric theory, the study measures the significant contribution of each component of technology that consists of aspects: Technoware, Humanware, Inforware, Orgaware in Radiologic Installation, and also want to know about the sophistication of the technology which is used in indicators Technology contribution coefficien (TCC), so factors that affect experienced performance result can be known, where TCC are: TCC High Technology TCC_tt =0,490 if T_tt= 0,387 H= 0,519 I= 0,538 O=0,534 TCC Middle technology TCC_tm=0,443 if T_tm=0,258 H=0,519 I=0,538 O=0,534TCC Simple technology TCC_ts =0,398 if T_ts=0,168 H=0,519 I=0,538 O=0,534If the value of component technology (T,H,I,O) is less than TCC, its means that Radiologic Installation Unit is in decreasing phase, a condition that cannot be left, need the directors’s action immediately to formulate the right and fast policies to protect it from lost. The final result of study is a gap almost everywhere from the three technology component Humanware = 0,519, Inforware = 0,538, Orgaware = 0,534, but the gap between most components in technology aspects Technoware (0,387, 0,258, 0,168), that means that development strategy of Radiologic Installation unit be prioritized on increasing aspects Technoware (rejuvenation medical equipment). Keywords: technoware, humanware, infoware, orgaware, TCC (Technology Contribution Coefficien), technometric theory Copyright © 2015 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Installing Radiologic is one of the supporting health services unit in the hospital. Service Quality radiologic, depending on the quality of human resources, beside that depends on sophisticated equipment that is used. This means that, equipment which is used always radiologic in its prime condition, both physically and function, so it can produce a high quality radiograph. Guarantee quality is produced, reflect unit radiologic can to pass a better service has been determined, who will finally be able to provide information and accurate diagnosis, by keeping (pressing be at a minimum) impact shelf radiation is on patients, operator, radiologist technician [1]. Business health services are managed by East Java government; especially Haji Hospital Surabaya in Installing Radiologic has good facilities supporting equipment diagnostic tests. According to decision of Minister of Health According to the decision R. I Number 1122 /SK/ VIII/2003 dated August 5, 2003, about technical guidance of equipment electrometric grouping into 3 groups levels of technology are simple technology (Dental x-ray, Panoramic View dental x-ray, The film Dryer, Film viewer); the technology and medium enterprises (Basic x-ray unit, x-ray mobile unit, automatic processing Film); and the high technology (CT scans single slice spiral diagnostic 500 mA/130 KV) [2]. Now the number of technology equipment medium-sized enterprises owned Haji Hospital is 3 (three) unit of General x-ray diagnostic capacity 500 mA/125 KV, 3 (three) Mobile
  • 2.  ISSN: 2302-4046 TELKOMNIKA Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015 : 353 – 362 354 unit x-ray diagnostic capacity 300 mA/125 KV, 1 (one) unit Thorax Airbags But x-ray 30 mA/100 KV, 1 (one) unit Dental x-ray diagnostic capacity 6 mA/70 KV, 2 (two) unit Panoramic View dental x-ray capacity 8 mA/70 KV, and 1 (one) unit of C-Arm x-ray diagnostic 300 mA/100 KV [3, 4]. Based on data Installing diagnostic Haji Hospital, Surabaya, has diagnostic support services since 2008 to 2012 especially for types of products General x-ray diagnostic tests, experienced in the range 12.47 percent every year while on the type of product Dental x-ray diagnostic products and CT scans diagnostic each, experienced around 17 percent each In. This condition pushed the directors to make improvements and continuous development in various aspects of the finishing process, one of them was Radiologic has planned to add 1 (one) unitMRI 0.5 tesla open gantry and 1 (one) unit Angiography and Catlab new generation. (5) Need much funds for investments in equipment diagnostic high-tech, and to prevent planning technology development which not appropriate, so it needs be done measurement technology components contributed to Haji Hospital, Surabaya, especially for aspects (Technoware technology the components (T), Humanware (H), Inforware (I) and Orgaware (O) hopeful the directors are able to determine about planning of good and right technology development policy [6-9]. 2. Proposed Technology Content Analysis with Technometric Theory to Approach Performance Base on those above, this study want to know about the technology aspects (T= aspects (Technoware, H= Humanware, I= Inforware and O= Orgaware) especially in unit installing radiologic.The result of the study are to know level sophisticated technology in unit Radiologic, also is needed in levels of management sebagai referensi to determine policy in the development and the increase supporting facilities from year to year in accordance with kebutuhanmasyarakat dynamics [10]. Use of technology management technometric has been adapted in or measurements dan control Jabarata water port [9]. After the corner based on MEMS (micro-elektromekanis system) accelerometers studied, the angle as much as accurate in any condition can be reduced the analysis of the acceleration of the wings double in the position that bebeda. Further research Yuan Rongchang applying folding wings are controlled to change the aspect ratio of the wing is an efficient way to get the best overall performance of the aircraft in different phases of flight missions [11]. Identification of the problems :The factors which influencing of radiodiagnostic technology are contribution of each component in radiodiagnostic installation T_irdx, % H_irdx) and its earnings contribution to the overall income of Haji Hospital, Surabaya for 5 ( five ) years (from 2008 until 2012 ).The problem: The study be restricted by technology aspects of the problem (T_irdx, H_irdx) of resources in Radiodiagnostic Intallation, Haji Hospital, Surabaya. Forrmula of Problem: 1) Is there any relationship between the technology to increase productivity?, 2) Is there any a significant relation exists between humanware to technoware (T_tt, T_tm, T_ts)? 3) How possible approach of technometric theory can be applied as technology development policy at Radiodiagnostic installation? General purpose: To know the contribution of every component humanware, inforware and orgaware radiodiagnostic ) at Haji hospital, Surabaya.Specific purpose: (1) To measures the level of sophistication (sophistication) of technology that be used in comparison with the state-of-the-art "current; (2) To measure/calculate contribution of Technoware and Humanware at radiodiagnostic installation of especially simple, medium and high elektromedik equipment; (3) To analyze the content of technology by calculating the contribution component of the technology (T, H) and calculate T C C at every level of technology (TCC_tt,TCC_tm,TCC_ts ) . 3. Research Methodology The Design is a non experimental research on research/analytical survey by survey research analytical cross sectional. The population are whole elektromedik equipment on the Radiodiagnostic Installation, Haji Hospital Surabaya, and the sample using Probability sample procedure. The samples are divided into 3 (three grouped), namely high-tech () medical
  • 3. TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046  Technology Content Analysis with Technometric Theory Approach… (Bambang Guruh Irianto) 355 equipment, high technology and technology.The sample used in this study are grouped into 3 (three), namely high-tech (Sophisticated), médium, and simplel equipment, consist of 31 (thirty- one) the tool in every group, be grouping by using proporsional stratified random sampling techniques. The instruments and data collection techniques are using: Cheklist, interview with the user of equipment and expert opinion (expert). Research hypotheses: (1) there is a relationship between the content of contribution of technology with increased productivity; (2) There is a significant relationship between the Humanware and Technoware (T_tt, T_tm, T_ts). The place and time of study are at installation radiodiagnostic Haji Hospital, Surabaya, from December 2011 until the end of February 2012. 4. Results and Discussion 4.1. Results 4.1.1. Resultsand Data Analysis Technoware 4.1.1.1. Resultsand Data Analysis Technoware High Technology Equipment Results and Data analysis of Sophisticated Technoware.The table below is data from sub components, Tube Housing Assembling technoware (THA) as a production machine radiation (T1_tt) is seen as the most important components or that has a value of straegis from the component technoware. Table 1. Contribution component Technoware CT Scan (T_tt) Criteria Value (1,00) Normalized Contribution Tube Housing Assembling ( THA ) ( T1_tt ) 0,20 0,333 Power high voltage System ( T2_tt ) 0,20 0,356 Diagonal moving gantryEngine ( T3 _tt ) 0,20 0,400 Mobile transportMachine ( T4_tt ) 0,20 0,444 Image procesing ( T5 _tt ) 0,20 0,400 T_tt : 0,387 From these data be compared to state-of-the-art (SOA), that the level of contribution technoware it is at the lowest level, it is given the sub-components T1_tt which has been used since 2003 when compared with the level sophisticated equipment technoware have a span of 6 years in the future that only occupy contribution level T1_tt = 0.333 lower than the level of the overall contribution technoware T_tt = 0.387. While technoware T_tt = 0.387 level was still much lower toward TCC_tt value = 0.490, meaning that the components technoware T_tt as an internal barrier to performance and productivity in the service of radiodiagnostic installation unit. Ideally technoware contribution must be greater or equal to the value of at least TCC_tt. So also in the sub-components technoware T2_tt = 0356 "high-voltage power system" when compared with the state-of-the-art today, where the level of technology is no longer using a single source, but most units have a CT scan using a double-source technology. 4.1.1.2. Results and Data Analysis Technoware Intermediated Technology Equipment The table below is a sub-component of data technoware, (X-ray tube) as a sub- component of the radiation production machine (T1_tm). Table 2. Contribution component Technoware X ray (tm) Criteria Value ( 1,00 )Normalized Contribution X ray tube ( T1_tm ) 0,20 0,311 HighVoltageGeneratorSystem ( T2_tm ) 0,20 0,311 Control tabel sistem ( T3_tm ) 0,20 0,178 Pasien table ( T4_tm ) 0,20 0,133 Image processing ( T5_tm ) 0,20 0,356 T_tm : 0,256
  • 4.  ISSN: 2302-4046 TELKOMNIKA Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015 : 353 – 362 356 From the data above be measurement and be compared with state-of-the-art (SOA), the level of contributions that are at a level technoware contribution T1_tm = 0.311 means it is under the level value TCC_tm = 0.443,t1_tmdue tothe sub-components that have beenused 16 years ago. From the results of the measurement of the level of midle technology T_tm = 0.258 was still far lower than the value of TCC_tm = 0.443. On sub technoware components T2_tm = 0.311 (high-voltage power system), sub technoware components, T3_ts = 0.178 (table Control system), sub components technoware T4_tm = 0.133 technoware components and sub T5_tm = 0.356 (image processing) in its whole if be compared with state-of-the-art, it is lower to the TCC_tm = 0.443,it ismeans components technoware tm as inhibitors of internal productivity performance, especially the sub-components teknoware is considered the main sub- components in generating radiation. Technoware contribution should ideally be at least as large or mid value TCC_tm 4.1.1.3. Results and Data Analysis Technoware Simple Technology Equipment The table below is a sub-component of data technoware, (X-ray tube) as a sub- component of the radiation production machine (T1_ts). Table 3. Contribution component Technoware x ray (ts) Criteria Value ( 1,00 )Normalized Contribution X ray tube ( T1_ts ) 0,20 0,144 HighVoltageGeneratorSystem ( T2_ts ) 0,20 0,249 Control tabel sistem ( T3_tm ) 0,20 0,167 Pasien table ( T4_ts ) 0,20 0,133 Image processing ( T5_ts ) 0,20 0,156 T_ts : 0,168 From the data above be measurement and be compared with state-of-the-art (SOA), the level of contributions that are at a level technoware contribution T1_ts = 0.144 means it is under the level value TCC_ts = 0.398. From the results of the measurement of the level of simple technology T_ts = 0.168 was still far lower than the value of TCC_ts = 0.398. On sub technoware components T2_ts = 0.249 (high-voltage power system), sub technoware components, T3_ts = 0.167 (table Control system), sub components technoware T4_ts = 0.133 technoware components and sub T5_ts = 0.156 (image processing) in its whole if be compared with state-of-the-art, it is lower to the TCC_ts = 0.398, it is means components technoware as inhibitors of internal productivity performance, especially the sub-components teknoware is considered the main sub-components in generating radiation. Technoware contribution should ideally beat least as large or mid value TCC_ts 4.1.2. Results and Data Analysis Humanware at Radiodiagnostic Installation Result of the contribution components humanware is from surveys and checklist those has been rated by the experts in their field. Table 4. Results of Contribution component of Humanware Criteria ValueNormalized Contribution Capability of doctor / Radiolog (H1) 0,25 0,746 Capability of Radiografer (H2) 0,25 0,569 Capability of technician (H3) 0,25 0,549 Capability ofStaf f/ Administration (H4) 0,25 0,211 H : 0,519 Value of the contribution on the humanware elements in the table above are the results of the survey and assessment by the head of the Radiodiagnostic installation. The results of measurements and calculations of humanware almost whole of the humanware (H1 = 0,746, H2 =0,569, H3 = 0.549, H4 = 0.211) is above the value of TCC = (TCC_tt = 0,490, TCC_tm =
  • 5. TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046  Technology Content Analysis with Technometric Theory Approach… (Bambang Guruh Irianto) 357 0.443, TCC_ts = 0.398), it is mean that components of humanware is good so that the radiodiagnostic installation unit for human resources are good and capable of evolving to future. 4.1.3. Results and Data Analysis Inforware at Radiodiagnostic Installation Result of the contribution components Inforware is from surveys and checklist those has been rated by the experts in their field. Table 5. Results of Contribution component ofInforware Criteria ValueNormalized Contribution Technoware specific Inforware (I1) 0,33 0,530 Humanware specific Inforware (I2) 0,33 0,537 Orgaware specific Inforware (I3) 0,33 0,550 I : 0,538 Value of the contribution on the Inforware elements in the table above are the results of the survey and assessment by expertswho are competent in their field. The results of measurements and calculations of Inforware almost whole of the Inforware is above the value of technoware. it is mean that components of Inforware is good so that the radiodiagnostic installation unit for inforware resources are good and capable of evolving to future. 4.1.4. Results and Data Analysis Orgaware at Radiodiagnostic Installation Result of the contribution components Orgaware is from surveys and checklist those has been rated by the experts in their field. Table 6. Results of Contribution component of Orgaware Criteria ValueNormalized Contribution Work Organization(O1) 0,25 0,524 Work Facilities (O2) 0,25 0,533 Work Modification (O3) 0,25 0,533 Work Evaluation (O4) 0,25 0,544 O : 0,534 Value of the contribution on the Inforware elements in the table above is the results of the survey and assessment by experts who are competent in their field. The results of measurements and calculations of Inforware almost whole of the Inforware is above the value of technoware. it is mean that components of Orgaware is good so that the radiodiagnostic installation unit for Orgaware resources are good and capable of evolving to future. 4.1.5. The Measurement of Contribution Technology Components The assessment is a Score of technological indicators be compared with state-of-the- art, then the value are normalized, if the result ≈ 1, means technology indicator are to be better. Measurement of contribution components are by considering the limitations of the level of sophistication and rate of assessment (state of the art). The calculation results of all technology components in the Table 7.
  • 6.  ISSN: 2302-4046 TELKOMNIKA Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015 : 353 – 362 358 Table 7. Measurement of contribution componen No Komponen Teknologi Batas SO A Kontribusi Dinormalka n T,H,I, O TCC UL LL 1 TECHNOWARE High Technology Tube Housing Assembling (THA) T1 6 2 0,25 0,333 0,387 High Tension Transformator (HTT) T2 6 2 0,30 0,356 Diagonal Moving Gantry T3 6 2 0,40 0,400 0,490 Mobile Transport Machine T4 6 2 0,50 0,444 Image Processing T5 6 2 0,40 0,400 Intermediated Technology X-Ray Tube T1 6 2 0,20 0,311 0,258 High Tension Transformator (HTT) T2 6 2 0,20 0,311 Control Table System T3 4 1 0,20 0,178 0,443 Patient Table T4 3 1 0,10 0,133 Image Processing T5 6 2 0,30 0,356 Simple Tehnology X-Ray Tube T1 4 1 0,10 0,144 0,168 High Tension Transformator (HTT) T2 5 2 0,05 0,239 Control Table System T3 6 1 0,10 0,167 0,398 Patient Table T4 3 1 0,10 0,133 Image Processing T5 5 1 0,10 0,156 2 HUMANWARE Capability of Medical H1 8 5 0,57 0,746 0,519 Capabilities of Radiografer H2 7 3 0,53 0,569 Capability of Technician H3 6 4 0,47 0,549 Capability of Staff/ Admistration H4 4 1 0,30 0,211 3 INFORWARE Tehnoware specific INFORWARE I1 6 3 0,59 0,530 0,538Humanware specific INFORWARE I2 6 3 0,61 0,537 Orgaware specific INFORWARE I3 7 2 0,59 0,550 4 ORGAWARE Work Organization O1 7 3 0,43 0,524 0,534 Work Fasilitation O2 6 4 0,40 0,533 Work Evaluation O3 6 4 0,45 0,544 Work Modification O4 6 4 0,40 0,533 Source: results of the calculation of the upper limit, lower limit, SOA as well as the contributions that normalized on the installation of Radiodiagnostic in 2009, the value of SOA (state of the art) Pandey (1998). 4.1.6. MeasurementTechnology Contribution Coefficient (TCC) In calculations, the study used a valuing method for intensity as follows (t + h + i + o  1) atau (0,25 + 0,25 + 0,25 + 0,25 = 1), every value is (  ) = 0,25.. After known the value of the contribution and value of the intensity of the contribution of each component of the technology, then the value can be obtained by TCC as presented in the table bel ow, where: TCC = Tt * Hh * Ii * Oo. Table 8. Results of calculation of TCC component Technology Component Technology Component Technology Contribution Intensity of Component Technology Contribution (β) TCC_Inst Rdx Technoware (T_tt ) 0.387 0.25 0.490 Technoware (T_tm) 0.258 0.443 Technoware (T_ts ) 0.168 0.398 Humanware (H) 0.519 0.25 Inforware ( I ) 0.538 0.25 Orgaware (O ) 0.534 0.25
  • 7. TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046  Technology Content Analysis with Technometric Theory Approach… (Bambang Guruh Irianto) 359 Interpretation of calculation technology content results is at level simple, intermediate, and high technology in the radiodiagnostic installation in 2009. High-tech Technologies from to simple calculation result TCC component Technology. Table 9. Technology components High Technology, Intermediate Technology and Simple Technology Technology Components High Technology Intermediate Technology Simple Technology Technoware ( T ) 0,387 0,258 0,168 Humanware ( H ) 0,519 0,519 0,519 Infoware ( I ) 0,538 0,538 0,538 Orgaware ( O ) 0,534 0,534 0,534 Table 7: Technology Contribution Coefficient High Technology ( TCC_tt ) 0,490 Intermediate Technology ( TCC_tm) 0,443 Simple Technology (TCC_ts ) 0,398 4.2. Discussion the results of the measurement of the degree of Recency Technoware 4.2.1.Measurement of the degree of Recency of High Technology Level Measurement of the degree of immediacy of the Intermediate Technology Level.Measurement of the degree of immediacy of intermediate Technology in the form of "General X ray capacity ≤ 300 mA/125 KV", by considering of 5 indicators on the activity of production processes which include: radiation x-ray (T1_tm), a system of high-voltage Generators (T2_tm), Table Control System (T3_tm) and Patient Table (T4_tm) that works entirely controlled by operator (humanware = H2) are trained and skilled, and image prossesing (T5_tm). Results calculation of the contribution of technology in sub component technoware above, contribution Image Processing (T5_tm) = 0.356 contributed to the highest level, followed by the next level of contribution at unit x-ray Tube (T1_tm) = 0.311, high-voltage Power System (T2_tm) = 0.311, System Control Table System (T3_tm) = 0.178 and lowest contributions were on the Patient Table (T4_tm) = 0.133. This shows that the contribution of the intermediate-tech equipment on technoware only at position T_tm = 0.256, means much lower still to TCC, where (TCC_tm) = 0.443. That is when the amount of the contribution technoware (T_tm) = 0.256 ≤ (TCC_tm) = 0.443 ≤ 1, it can be said that the ability of technoware far behind because of the great contribution is ideally technoware (TCC_tm) ≤ (T_tm) ≤ 1. Such a condition can result in a performance in service will be derailed or can result in high response time to exceed minimum service standards (SPM). Measurement Of The Degree Of Immediacy Of Simple Technology. A simple form of technological units of measurement "portable Dental x-rays capacity ≤ 8 mA/70 KV" which has been measured by considering 5 or at activity indicator of radiation production processes which include: X-Ray Tube (T1_ts) = (T1_ts) = 0.144, high-voltage Power System (T2_ts) = 0.249, Table Control System (T3_ts) = 0.167 and Patient Table (T4_ts) = 0.133 as well as Image prossesing (T5_ts) = 0.156, which work completely controlled directly by the operator (humanware = H2). By looking at the results above, the contribution of technology in sub component technoware, seen that the contribution System Voltage Generator Tingggi (T2_ts) = 0.249 is contributed the largest and lowest contributions were on the Patient Table (T4_ts) = 0.133. The overall contributions on simple technology equipment (unit "Portable Dental x-rays capacity ≤ 8 mA/70 KV") only can be reached to (T_ts) = 0.168, means it is still much lower than the simple technological level for TCC i.e. (TCC_ts) = 0.398. This condition is affected by the length of the operation of the tool has been (16 years).That means if the number of contributions on simple technological technoware (T_ts) = 0.168 ≤ (TCC_ts) = 0.398 ≤ 1, it is means radiodiagnostic installation to the level of simple technology in unhealthy conditions, consequently decreasing automatically performance and capability contributions also decreased.
  • 8.  ISSN: 2302-4046 TELKOMNIKA Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015 : 353 – 362 360 4.2.2. Measurement Of Degree Of Recency Humanware Humanware at this research is divided according to the position and tasks of the existing workforce, health worker is divided into direct health worker (the doctor/medical personnel and Radiografer) and indirect health worker (head of the installation, the head of the room, technicians, administrative personnel), while the indicators being measured is an indicator that can be developed and applied. Data processing at this part seen that degree of sophistication in the installation radiodiagnostic have approached the ideal conditions with the overall contribution of humanware (H) = 0.519, where conditions are far above the level of technology at both TCC high, medium and simple, namely the level of contribution of humanware (H = 0.519) ≥ (TCC-tt = 0.490, tm = 0.443-TCC, TCC-ts = 0.398). 4.2.3. Measurement on Direct Health worker Direct health worker in conditions by installing radiodiagnostic on only medical personnel (physicians Radiology) and Radiografer personnel who have been specially trained for the operation of a CT Scan equipment i.e. H1 (0.746) and H2 (0.569), the magnitude of the H1 and H2 that exceeds the amount of the contribution humanware H (0.519) and also on the value of the TCC (TCC-tt = 0.490, tm = 0.443-TCC, TCC-ts = 0.398). This means aspects of humanware are quite ready to embrace technological developments in medical equipment, which will improve management or add a much more up-to-date facility/modern. 4.2.4. Measurement on Indirect Health Worker Indirect health worker here include head installation, internal and external technician technicians from the single agent Administration Officer as well as tool origin. From the measurement results obtained (0.549) H3 and H4 (0,211), this means that the necessary staff and officers and held a special administration skills enhancement in order to increase the response time the time service, so all lines of humanware can run well. 4.2.5. The High Base-technology Gap on Technoware Component Underlying the low contribution of high technology on technoware once compared the state of the art (SOA), as well as with the results of studies directly to the existence of high-tech equipment owned by the installation of Radiodiagnostik until the year and month components of some measurement technology with the main component level on a CT-Scan, clear look that "Housing Tube Assembley (THA)" T1_tt (SOA = 0.25) and contribute only reached 0.333, as well as on the "high-voltage power system" T2_tt (SOA = 0.30) and contributions which only reached level T_tt = 0.356 contribution means a position under the TCC_tt = 0.490. When compared to the State of the art (SOA) are far behind, can understand that CT Scan single slice is installed since 2003 is up to date at the time, but with the development time as well as advances in technology that have been popping up for a 64 slice CT Scan, CT Scan of immediacy means installation radiodiagnostic positions are only at level (T_tt) = 0.356, resulting in much lower against TCC_tt = 0.490, especially if compared with the technology of today (SOA = 0.999). 4.2.6. The Intermediate-technology Gap on Technoware Component Underlying the low contribution of high technology on technoware after compared with State-of-the-art, as well as with the results of studies directly to the existence of a dental panoramic equipment with a capacity of 300 mA/120 KV, almost all sub components are very far behind technological advances in recent years, the average value of the maximum contribution only where T_tm = 0.20 (≤ 0.20 SOA ≤ 1). Locally installed technologies since 2003 have not undergone rejuvenation technology, so it has not been able to offset the power of resilience in the global currents. Immediacy of Panoramic dental x-rays that there could only be at level (T_tm) = 0.256, still much lower against TCC_tm = 0.443, especially if compared with the technology of today (SOA = 0.999). 4.2.7. The Simple-technology Gap on Technoware Component Underlying the low contribution technoware on technology is simple once compared State-of-the-art, as well as with the results of studies directly to the existence of the portable equipment dental x-rays capacity of 8 mA/70 KV Radiodiagnostic Installation owned by almost all sub components are very far behind technological advances millenium, maximum average
  • 9. TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046  Technology Content Analysis with Technometric Theory Approach… (Bambang Guruh Irianto) 361 value of contributions only a maximum of T_ts = (0.168 ≤ SOA = 0.398 ≤ 0.99). This is indeed the facilities installed since 2003 haven't changed rejuvenation technology. 5. Conclusion (1) The percentage contribution of high technology equipment technowarepada (T_tt = 0.387), high technology (T_tm = 0.256) and simple technology (T_ts = 0.168), while for component technologies Humanware (H = 0,519), (2) The percentage of the contribution revenue unit installation radiodiagnostic of the overall hospital revenue over the past 5 years since 2008-2012terbukti decline of 6.8% (2008), 4.3% (2009), 2.5% (2010), 2.3%(2011) and 2.6% (2012). This means that the installation radiodiagnostic income for 5 years only experienced an average growth of 3.7%, however in 2008 the contributions unit installation radiodiagnostic precisely under the average estimated that only 2.6%.(3) Technological Aspect on technoware and humanware, where the amount of the contribution technoware (T_tt) = 0.358 ≤ (TCC_tt = 0.490) ≤ 1, then it can be said that the ability of technoware far behind. This can lead to performance in service will be derailed or result in high response time to exceed minimum service standards (SPM). (4) Contributions on simple technology technoware (T_ts) = 0.168 ≤ (TCC_ts) = 0.398 ≤ 1 means on the level of simple technology in unhealthy conditions, consequently decreasing outomatis performance and capability contributions also decreased. (4) the overall contribution of humanware (H) = 0.519 where conditions are still far above the level of technology at both TCC high, medium and simple means that the level of contribution of humanware (H = 0.519) ≥ (TCC-tt = 0.490, tm = 0.443-TCC, TCC-ts = 0.398). Broadly speaking skill is much more appreciated than on education (qualification), this is caused by often requiring human resources skill development training to follow, so the expertise owned can be standardized. With individual contributions reaching humanware (H = 0.519), felt was enough to cover on to the three levels of existing equipment technology, but if it is still deemed necessary to improve the skill of humanware can be improved in the framework of anticipating possible skill demanding technoware is higher. (5) There is a significant relationship between the humanware and high-tech equipment on technoware, medium sized and simple; and there is a connection between contributions to the content of the technology with the increased productivity. (6) By applying the theory of technometric can be found the solution in the implementation of the policy on installation of radiodiagnostic in the future. (7) The results of measurements of the degree of immediacy of the technology with respect to the level of power of the state-of-the-art, apparently the result is still very far from the immediacy of state of the art (1.0). While on a high-tech technoware only reached TCC_tt = 0.490, TCC level high technology TCC_tm technoware = 0.443 simple technology, and on the value of TCC_ts only = 0.398.(8) The results of measurement and calculation of the contribution of technology in some components and humanware technoware for high-tech T_tt = 0.387, medium = 0.258 T_tm technology, and simple technology T_ts = 0.168 and humanware H = 0.519 this indicates that the component has a higher contribution of humanware from technoware. References [1] Ministry of Health Directorate General of Medical Services. Guidelines for radiology services in hospitals and health care facilities. Jakarta: MOH 1999. [2] Ministry of Health Directorate General of Medical Services. Guidelines for radiology services in hospitals and health care facilities. Jakarta: MOH. 2003 [3] Alkadri, Riyadi DS, Muchide, Siswanto, Fathoni. Editors. Management technology for the development of the region: Basic concepts, case studies and policy implication. Board of policy assessment center technology assessment area and the application of technology assessment. Jakarta. 2001 [4] Ministry of Health Directorate General of Medical Services. Radiology Services Class B General Hospital Education. Jakarta: MOH.1999. [5] Ministry of Health Directorate General of Medical Services. Guide lines for Quality Assurance Radiological Fasilities .Jakarta: MOH. 1999. [6] Ramanathan K. Measurement of Technology at the firm level. Science and Public Policy. 1988; 15: 230-248. [7] Ramanathan K. Measurement of Technology Indicators. Science and Technology Management Information System. 1998; 16. [8] Tjakraatmadja, Jann Hidayat. Managementof Technology: Industrial Engineering Management Studies. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung. 1997.
  • 10.  ISSN: 2302-4046 TELKOMNIKA Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015 : 353 – 362 362 [9] Haryono. Management module technology: Convection Industrial Technology Assessment Case Study. Jakarta: PT Sigma. 2003 [10] Zheng Xiangming, Yin Chong, Wang Peng, Guo shuzhen. Folding angle measurement and control technology of deformable UAV. TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2013; 11(4): 1877-1882. [11] Ji Zhixiang, Yuan Rongchang, Li Lixin, et al. Desagn and Analysis Unified resource management platform of grid dispatching system based on virtualization technology. TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2014; 12(3): 2014-2020.