Design of a Subsequent Water Detection System Controlled by the Microcontroller

TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering
Vol.12, No.1, January 2014, pp. 371 ~ 378
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i1.4140  371
Received June 25, 2013; Revised August 25, 2013; Accepted September 19, 2013
Design of a Subsequent Water Detection System
Controlled by the Microcontroller
Chu Yan*, Tang Kang, Feng Xiaoming, Cai Xinyuan, Chen Pengju
The Institute of Electronic and Control Engineering Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
*Corresponding author, e-mail: yanchu@chd.edu.cn, hpblues@vip.qq.com
Abstract
This article instructs the subsequent water detection system design and implementation of sanitary
ware. This system used C8051f040 Microcontroller as the main control module and communication
module which controlled the operation of the entire system，touch screen as a position machine，and
made use of metal probing technique and weighing sensor technology to realize data test, collection,
display, storage and export. At last，the experimental results showed that this system meets the expected
requirement and can measure the subsequent water more accurately.
Keywords: Automatic control, Subsequent water, Metal probing technique, Touch screen, C8051f040
Microcontroller
Copyright © 2014 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
As people’s living standard improved, sanitary ware is taken seriously, and the quality of
the products is getting more and more people’s attention. As an important class of sanitary
quality indicators, rinse function response its flushing capacity and effectiveness directly.
Therefore, it has become very important to detect the subsequent water accurately in the
process of the manufacture and doing research on sanitary ceramics [1]. Here, the subsequent
water refers to the water followed after when the simulation objects pass through the outlet of
the toilet. It keeps the sewage pipeline achieving self-cleaning by flushing the simulation objects
into the standpipe via the socket pipe and the connecting pipe, and using the displacement
water to seal water at the same time without the make-up water.
In order to detect whether the sanitary ware is in accordance with industrial standards
(refer to EN977-2012) more accurately, more practically and more simply, this paper developed
an subsequent water detection system using on sanitary ware, which took the control
technology based on C8051F040 microcontroller as the core, and based on an integrated
measurement including metal detection technology, sensor technology. It’s an effective system
on detecting yield of the subsequent water [2].
2. The Basic Idea of System Design
If we put four simulation objects in the toilet, the system should be able to accurately
detect whether the objects are washed away or not, and send a signal to the main control
system when flushing the toilet. When the objects are washed away totally, the system should
be capable of collecting the finalvalue of the subsequent water, and display it on the terminal. In
consideration of these requirements, the overall framework of the design in this paper is shown
in Figure 1.
The simulation objects detection module is mainly composed of ferromagnetic coils, and
it samples the magnetic field changes when the simulation objects (within a metal ring) pass
through the coil. The weighing module is mainly formed by a weighing sensor, which can
accurately detect the changes of water yield [3]. The master control module taking C8051F040
as the core, is used for signal and data processing. The communication module and the
interactive interface, mainly to complete the data processing and display, are made up of
C8051F040 and a touch screen. As shown in Figure 2, when the system detects a simulation
object, the counter plus 1, and it can be judged as the last simulation washed away when the
counter is 4.At this time, the weighing module reads the water level, and determines whether it

 ISSN: 2302-4046
TELKOMNIKA Vol. 12, No. 1, January 2014: 371 – 378
372
is stable. If stability, then it reads the subsequent water value and display the result on the
terminal.
Figure 1. The overall framework of the system
Figure 2. System Detect Process
3. System Modules Design
3.1. The Design of Simulation Objects Detection Module
3.1.1 The Choice of Simulation Objects
Based on the 6 liters of water toilet system evaluation methods in accordance with DIN
standard, we select a standard test specimen as the stimulant-Artificial casings (Tubular) with
metal Inductive loop, filled with water and covered with bate. Then tie it into three sections with
a length of 160mm and a diameter of 25mm. Each test uses 4 test specimens to simulate shit
excreted by a person each time. This specimen with a good simulation feature not only can truly

TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 2302-4046 
Design of a Subsequent Water Detection System Controlled by the Microcontroller (Chu Yan)
373
evaluate the flushing smoothness of a toilet supporting systems, but also can be used
repeatedly [4].
The size and shape of a standard specimen are shown in Figure 3.The number 1-10
each in turn represents 37 ml water, artificial casings, the tied horizontal plane, linen thread, the
horizontal plane without tied, "O"-rings, metal rings (blows), "O"-rings, and the linen thread.
Figure 3. Standard specimen size and shape
3.1.2. Detection Coil Wound
Simulation objects detection module mainly consists of ferromagnetic coils which
include an excitation coil and two detection coils. When the mimetic passes through the interior
of coil with flush water, the metal ring in the mimetic causes slight magnetic field variations.
Then with a signal amplifier, the mimetic detection module can capture the signal reflecting
changes in the magnetic field [5]. Geometry of the coil is shown in Figure 4. In this sectional
view, the gray part is the wound, and the white part is a hollow cylinder.
Figure 4.Geometry of the coil

 ISSN: 2302-4046
374
The sensing coil in Figure 4 is made of enameled coppers with a diameter of 0.5 mm.It
is Single layer winded on a cylindrical Plexiglas, with 50 turns of excitation coil, and 26 turns
each of two detection coils. In these processes, the key is to ensure the uniformity and
symmetry relative to the excitation coil of the two detection coils as far as possible[6].The
detecting circuit diagram is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Detecting circuit diagram
3.2. The Design of Weighing Module
The subsequent water is measured by weighing sensor, which converts the pressure
signal generated by the subsequent water into a voltage signal. Then by amplification and ADC
processing, the value of follow-up water can be read out. To meet the design performance
requirements, accuracy of the sensor plays a decisive role, so this design selects the high-
precision strain gauge sensor [7]. The sensor works as follows: it takes a full-bridge equal arm
bridge as the basic circuit, with the sensitive components (a resistive foil strain gauge) as the
bridge arm which is stuck on the metal cantilever elastic surface. When an external force plays
on the elastic body , chip resistor subjected to tensile or compressive strain, and its resistance
changes, which results in an out-of-balance on the bridge, generating a corresponding
differential signal amplification circuit for subsequent measurement and processing [8].
Weighing module circuit diagram shown in Figure 6.
R1
51K
R2
1K
R3
10K
R4
2K
C11
10n
C12
10n
C13
1000p
C14
470p
接端子线
Q1
Q2N2222
L1
100uH
C15
120p
R6
10K
R7
10K
R8
10K
D1
4148
D2
4148 --
2
+
3
V+4V-5
OUT
6
U1
LM318
RV1
10K
RV2
1K
R9
1K
R5
1
功率放大路电
+15V
功率放大路电正弦生路发电
-15V
比路电压较电
波路滤电
Q2
2SC5200
二放大路级电一放大路级电
跟随路电压电峰波路值检电
+15V
去耦容电
C16
100pf
XQIN
--
2
+
3
V+7V-4
OUT
6
U2
OP07
+15V
-15V
C10
0.1uf
XQOUT
C9
0.1uf
D3
IN60
C8
0.1uf
C7
0.1uf
C6
0.1uf
C17
0.01uf
GND
-15V
+15V
--
2
+
3
V+7V-4
OUT
6
U3
OP07
+15V
-15V
C18
10uf
C5
0.1uf
R11
10k
C4
0.1uf
C3
0.1uf
C2
0.1uf
C1
0.1uf
--
2
+
3
V+7V-4
1
8
OUT
6
NC5
U4
AD620AN
1
2
3
JP1
DYDZ
1
2
3
4
5
JP2
XHDZ
GND
R10
10k
JCXH
KGXH
XQOUT
R12
10k
XQIN
+15V
-15V
GND
-15V
+15V
--
2
+
3
V+8V-4
OUT
1
U5
TL082
R13
1k
JCXH
R14
62k
+15V
KGXH
-15V
+15V
R18
15k
C19
0.1uf
R15
330k
R16
330k
RV3
10k
C20
0.1uf
C21
1500pf
R17
4.02k
--
2
+
3
V+8V-4
OUT
1
U6
TL082
--
4
+
5
V+3V-12
O
2
U7
LM339
C22
4.7uf
-15V
+15V

375
Figure 6. Weighing module circuit diagram
3.3. The Main Control Module and Communication Module
The function of the main control module is to receive and process signals coming from
simulation objects detection module, weighing sensors and position machine. The
communication module is used to connect the human-machine interface with main control
module. And the two modules use the C8051F040 microcontroller as the core device [9].
The C8051f040 is a fully integrated mixed-signal System-on-Chip MCU, with 64 digital
I/O pins and an integrated CAN2.0B controller. Its advantages are listed as follows: ① with a
high-speed 8051 microcontroller core and pipelined architecture, most of the instruction
execution time is one or two system clock cycles. ② With 4K internal RAM and 64K FLASH, it
can meet the requirements for memory spaces in most designs without external memory
devices, and thus simplify system design. ③ configure a variety of ports, such as SPI, SM Bus
and UART. ④ supporting MODBUS protocol, you can be easily connected with touch screen
[10].
C8051f040 can be coded by assembly language and C language, the system is coded
by the C language, part of the code is as follows:
if(x[7]==0x01) // Single detection is completed
{
x[7]=0x00;
ADC0CN=0x00;
water_last1=(x[17]*256+x[16]);
if(water_last1<water_last0)
{
water_last1=0;
}
else
{
water_last1=water_last1-water_last0;
}
temp1=water_last1*2.74;
water_last1=temp1/1;
water_last1=water_last1;
--
2
+
3
V+
7
V-
4
1
8
OUT
6
NC
5
U1
AD6 20AN
R1
10 k
+1 5V
-15V
--
2
+
3
V+
8
V-
4
OUT
1
U2
TL082
R2
1k
R3
50 k
-15V
+1 5V+1 5V+1 5V
--
2
+
3
V+
7
V-
4
1
8
OUT
6
NC
5
U3
AD6 20AN
R4
10 k
+1 5V
-15V
--
2
+
3
V+
8
V-
4
OUT
1
U4
TL082
R5
1k
R6
50 k
-15V
+1 5V
+1 5V+1 5V
--
2
+
3
V+
7
V-
4
1
8
OUT
6
NC
5
U5
AD6 20AN
R7
10 k
+1 5V
-15V
--
2
+
3
V+
8
V-
4
OUT
1
U6
TL082
R8
1k
R9
50 k
-15V
+1 5V
--
2
+
3
V+
7
V-
4
OUT
6
U7
OP07
R10
10 k
R11
10 k
R12
10 k
R14
10 k
R13
10 k
+1 5V
-15V
CZXH1 -
CZXH1 -
CZXH3 -
CZXH3 +
CZXH1 +
CZXH2 +
CZXH2 +
CZXH1 +
CZXH3 +
CZXH3 -
CZXH2 -
CZXH1 -
CZXHOUT
+1 5V
-15V
GND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
J2
JXDZ
GND
一放大级
一放大级
一放大级二放大级
二放大级
二放大级
加法运算放大
CZXHOUT
1
2
3
4
5
6
J1
CON6
GND
+1 5V

 ISSN: 2302-4046
376
x[14]=water_last1;
x[15]=water_last1>>8;
x[2]=0x00;
x[19]=0x01;
x[5]++;
water_ave=(water_ave*(x[5]-1)+water_last1)/x[5];
x[12]=water_ave;
x[13]=water_ave>>8;
EX0=0;
if(x[5]==1)
{
water_ave1=water_ave;
}
else
{
water_ave0=water_ave1;
water_ave1=water_ave;
}
c=1;
}
3.4. Interactive Interface
Different with a previous PC as the position machine, this system adopts a new type of
touch screen as the position machine .The system can make the equipment more flexible and
reduce the investment, but also the operation is simpler and more convenient. The touch screen
uses Delta’s DOP---B07S411, and it is connected with the microcontroller through the MODBUS
protocol [11]. The touch screen is used for the operation of the entire system, data display and
data storage, at the same time, it can export the data through the U disk. The interface as
shown in Figure 7, you can touch various options to complete the corresponding function.
Figure 7.Touch screen operator interface
4. The Results and Discussion
Firstly, the water tank should be level, and the various parts of the wiring and piping
should be connected. Then turn on the power supply, and establish a new project. Next we
should put down the analogue and pour a certain weight of water into the pipe before clicking
the start button. Until the water calm, we should click the finish button. Lastly, record the data on
the touch screen. Repeat 20 times trial. Test data as shown in Table 1.

377
Table 1. Test results
Detection times Actual weight（）Kg Detection weight（）Kg relative error（）%
1 0.5 0.52 4%
2 0.5 0.46 -8%
3 0.5 0.51 2%
4 0.5 0.48 -4%
5 0.5 0.47 -6%
6 0.5 0.51 2%
7 0.5 0.48 -4%
8 0.5 0.49 -2%
9 0.5 0.48 -4%
10 0.5 0.48 -4%
11 0.5 0.46 -8%
12 0.5 0.46 -8%
13 0.5 0.51 2%
14 0.5 0.51 2%
15 0.5 0.51 2%
16 0.5 0.46 -8%
17 0.5 0.53 6%
18 0.5 0.48 -4%
19 0.5 0.53 6%
20 0.5 0.51 5%
From the measurement results, the relative error of 20 times measurements are
between -10%---10%, the accuracy reached to 90% which meet the expected requirement. Of
course, the measurement results still exist some errors. And considering these errors, there are
the following two points: ①The analytical formula theoretically obtained is got from the ideal
situation. Such as the sensing coil axis symmetry, this condition can’t be achieved in practice.
②In experiment, the induction signal extracted from the weighing system will be mixed a lot of
interference signal, which will inevitably have a certain influence on the measurement results.
5. Conclusion
In general, in this paper, the sanitary ware subsequent water detection system can
measure the measured target more accurately under EN977-2012 standard. There has a
significant contribution to the guarantee of consumer rights and interests, also to maintain
industry norm standards. But there are still some problems in the detection accuracy, such as
anti-interference ability. The research of key technology problems will increase the added value
of subsequent water detection system and the market competitiveness.
References
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(5): 9-11.
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[3] Feng Mengli, Cai Yuping, Song Chunrong. The Development and Comparison of Several
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[4] Wang Bo, Wen Weiming. "Six liters of water system," toilet water modeling structure and the
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 ISSN: 2302-4046
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