Technical analysis involves analyzing stock price data to identify trends and patterns that can be used to inform trading decisions. The document discusses reasons for performing technical analysis, assumptions of technical analysis, different chart types used including line charts, bar charts and candlestick charts. It then describes different candlestick patterns such as marubozu, spinning tops, and doji that can indicate bullish or bearish market movements. The document emphasizes looking for patterns within the context of prior trends and being flexible in interpreting patterns.