A Technical Guide on Channel Multiplexing. The MUX feature is available on all of the standard Quantum Composers voltage output pulse generators from the price minded Sapphire Series (9200 model) to the feature rich 9520 series.
1. This document describes a 1957 British patent for a two-way radio link between a guided object like a missile and a guiding source like an aircraft.
2. The radio link uses a single carrier frequency and allows transmission of guidance signals from the missile to the aircraft and control signals from the aircraft to the missile by switching between transmission and reception during intervals in the guidance signals.
3. Synchronization signals embedded in the guidance signals are used to control switches that alternate the radio link between transmitting the guidance signals and receiving the control signals.
1. This document describes a 1957 British patent for a two-way radio link between a guided object like a missile and a guiding source like an aircraft.
2. The radio link uses a single carrier frequency and allows transmission of guidance signals from the missile to the aircraft and control signals from the aircraft to the missile by switching between transmission and reception modes.
3. It does this by using synchronized switches to alternately activate the guidance transmitter in the missile and control receiver in the missile, and the control transmitter in the aircraft and guidance receiver in the aircraft, allowing two-way communication over a single frequency.
This document describes a two-way radio link system that uses a single carrier frequency for communication between a guided object (e.g. missile) and guiding source (e.g. aircraft). It allows the guidance transmitter and control receiver to operate during intervals when the control transmitter and guidance receiver are inactive, enabling multiple links to operate simultaneously with less interference. Switching is controlled by flip-flops to alternately activate the transmitters and receivers in each direction during short intervals.
This document describes a two-way radio link system that uses a single carrier frequency for communication between a guided object (e.g. missile) and guiding source (e.g. aircraft). It allows the guidance transmitter and control receiver to operate during intervals when the control transmitter and guidance receiver are inactive, enabling multiple links to operate simultaneously with less interference. Switching is controlled by flip-flops to periodically activate the different transmitters and receivers in a synchronized manner using frame synchronization signals.
The Sapphire series represents a revolutionary new pulse generator technology that offers full function in a compact and cost effective package. At just 7.125“ x 5.1“ x 1.5” this is one of the smallest units available, but you will not be disappointed in its performance, features or programmability. This instrument also has wireless capabilities (optional) via Bluetooth allowing you to communicate without a USB or RS232 connection.
The 9520 series pulse generator from Quantum Composers provides up to 8 independent digitally controlled output channels with precise timing resolution down to 250 ps. It offers a variety of output types including electrical, high voltage, and optical. Key features include high speed incrementing of delay and pulse widths, user selectable external and internal clock rates, and a modular design that allows for customizing the instrument with different output modules.
The 9730 Series is a 2 or 4 channel digital delay current generator that provides precise current pulses up to 6 amps per channel. It has high timing resolution of 200 ns and integrated resistance measurement capabilities. Advanced safety features and an easy programming interface make it suitable for applications requiring accuracy and repeatability such as airbag testing.
The document is an operating manual for the LS-615 Laser System produced by Quantum Composers, Inc. It contains instructions for setup, operation, maintenance and safety procedures. The laser system uses a nitrogen purge and includes components such as a laser head, attenuator assembly, harmonic mixer and more. The system can be operated manually or through an LS-615 Communication Application for laser control and autofocus functions.
1. This document describes a 1957 British patent for a two-way radio link between a guided object like a missile and a guiding source like an aircraft.
2. The radio link uses a single carrier frequency and allows transmission of guidance signals from the missile to the aircraft and control signals from the aircraft to the missile by switching between transmission and reception during intervals in the guidance signals.
3. Synchronization signals embedded in the guidance signals are used to control switches that alternate the radio link between transmitting the guidance signals and receiving the control signals.
1. This document describes a 1957 British patent for a two-way radio link between a guided object like a missile and a guiding source like an aircraft.
2. The radio link uses a single carrier frequency and allows transmission of guidance signals from the missile to the aircraft and control signals from the aircraft to the missile by switching between transmission and reception modes.
3. It does this by using synchronized switches to alternately activate the guidance transmitter in the missile and control receiver in the missile, and the control transmitter in the aircraft and guidance receiver in the aircraft, allowing two-way communication over a single frequency.
This document describes a two-way radio link system that uses a single carrier frequency for communication between a guided object (e.g. missile) and guiding source (e.g. aircraft). It allows the guidance transmitter and control receiver to operate during intervals when the control transmitter and guidance receiver are inactive, enabling multiple links to operate simultaneously with less interference. Switching is controlled by flip-flops to alternately activate the transmitters and receivers in each direction during short intervals.
This document describes a two-way radio link system that uses a single carrier frequency for communication between a guided object (e.g. missile) and guiding source (e.g. aircraft). It allows the guidance transmitter and control receiver to operate during intervals when the control transmitter and guidance receiver are inactive, enabling multiple links to operate simultaneously with less interference. Switching is controlled by flip-flops to periodically activate the different transmitters and receivers in a synchronized manner using frame synchronization signals.
The Sapphire series represents a revolutionary new pulse generator technology that offers full function in a compact and cost effective package. At just 7.125“ x 5.1“ x 1.5” this is one of the smallest units available, but you will not be disappointed in its performance, features or programmability. This instrument also has wireless capabilities (optional) via Bluetooth allowing you to communicate without a USB or RS232 connection.
The 9520 series pulse generator from Quantum Composers provides up to 8 independent digitally controlled output channels with precise timing resolution down to 250 ps. It offers a variety of output types including electrical, high voltage, and optical. Key features include high speed incrementing of delay and pulse widths, user selectable external and internal clock rates, and a modular design that allows for customizing the instrument with different output modules.
The 9730 Series is a 2 or 4 channel digital delay current generator that provides precise current pulses up to 6 amps per channel. It has high timing resolution of 200 ns and integrated resistance measurement capabilities. Advanced safety features and an easy programming interface make it suitable for applications requiring accuracy and repeatability such as airbag testing.
The document is an operating manual for the LS-615 Laser System produced by Quantum Composers, Inc. It contains instructions for setup, operation, maintenance and safety procedures. The laser system uses a nitrogen purge and includes components such as a laser head, attenuator assembly, harmonic mixer and more. The system can be operated manually or through an LS-615 Communication Application for laser control and autofocus functions.
A 80Ms/sec 10bit PIPELINED ADC Using 1.5Bit Stages And Built-in Digital Error...VLSICS Design
Use of pipelined ADCs is becoming increasingly popular both as stand alone parts and as embedded functional units in SOC design. They have acceptable resolution and high speed of operation and can be placed in relatively small area. The design is implemented in 0.18uM CMOS process. The design includes a folded cascode op-amp with a unity gain frequency of 200MHz at 88 deg. Phase margin and a dc gain of 75dB. The circuit employs a built in sample and hold circuit and a three phase non-overlapping clock.
A 80Ms/sec 10bit PIPELINED ADC Using 1.5Bit Stages And Built-in Digital Error...VLSICS Design
Use of pipelined ADCs is becoming increasingly popular both as stand alone parts and as embedded functional units in SOC design. They have acceptable resolution and high speed of operation and can be placed in relatively small area. The design is implemented in 0.18uM CMOS process. The design includes a folded cascode op-amp with a unity gain frequency of 200MHz at 88 deg. Phase margin and a dc gain of 75dB. The circuit employs a built in sample and hold circuit and a three phase non-overlapping clock.
This document describes an experiment involving amplitude shift keying (ASK) and frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation and demodulation. It involves generating ASK and FSK signals, demodulating them using envelope detection and filtering, and restoring the original digital signal using comparators. The objectives are to examine ASK and FSK digital modulation techniques and investigate their generation and reception.
This document discusses synchronization and MIMO capabilities of USRP devices from Ettus Research. It provides details on:
1) How the USRP N200/N210 support plug-and-play 2x2 MIMO systems using a shared reference cable.
2) External references can be used to synchronize larger MIMO arrays, though additional equipment is required.
3) While other USRP models can be synchronized, some do not meet all requirements for MIMO without additional considerations.
Mitsubishi power management meters electronic multi measuring instrument-dien...Dien Ha The
Thiết Bị Điện Mitsubishi, Thiết Bị Điện,
Điện Công Nghiệp Mitsubishi, Điện Công Nghiệp,
Điện Hạ Thế Mitsubishi, Điện Hạ Thế,
Điện Dân Dụng Mitsubishi, Điện Dân Dụng,
Mitsubishi,
Thiết Bị Đóng Cắt Mitsubishi, Thiết Bị Đóng Cắt,
Thiết Bị Điện Mitsubishi, Thiết Bị Điện,
This document appears to be an exam paper for a power system simulation laboratory course. It contains 17 questions related to power flow analysis, transmission lines, fault analysis and load-frequency control. The questions involve both manual calculations and computer simulations. Students are asked to calculate transmission line parameters, form bus admittance and impedance matrices, perform load flow analysis using Gauss-Siedel and decoupled methods, determine fault currents, simulate load-frequency response and control systems, calculate economic generation dispatch, and more.
The document describes a laboratory manual for a Communication Systems course. It provides details on 14 experiments related to topics like signal sampling and reconstruction, time division multiplexing, AM and FM modulation/demodulation, pulse code modulation, delta modulation, line coding schemes, and error control coding. For each experiment, it lists the aim, apparatus required, theory, procedure, model graphs, kit diagrams, tabulations and results. The manual is meant to guide students through hands-on experiments to reinforce concepts taught in the course.
ell Allocation (CA) is the subset of the total frequency band that is available for one BTS. It can be viewed as the total transport resource available for traffic between the BTS and its attached MSs. One Radio Frequency CHannel (RFCH) of the CA is used to carry synchronization information and the Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH). This can be any of the carriers in the cell and it is known as the BCCH carrier or the c
carrier. Strong efficiency and quality requirements have resulted in a
0
rather complex way of utilizing the frequency resource. This chapter describes the basic principles of how to use this resource from the physical resource itself to the information transport service offered by the BTS.
Carrier separation is 200 kHz, which provides: • 124 pairs of carriers in the GSM 900 band • 374 pairs of carriers in the GSM 1800 band • 299 pairs of carriers in the GSM 1900 band
Using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) each of these carriers is divided into eight Time Slots (TS). One TS on a TDMA frame is called a physical channel, i.e. on each duplex pair of carriers there are eight physical channels.
A variety of information is transmitted between the BTS and thMS. The information is grouped into different logical channelsEach logical channel is used for a specific purpose such as paging, call set-up and speech. For example, speech is sent on the logical channel Traffic CHannel (TCH). The logical channels are mapped onto the physical channels.
The information in this chapter does not include channels specific for GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). For basic information on GPRS see chapter 14 of this documentation.
This presentation highlights TESCO's Test Equipment for a variety of needs for today's utilities. Some of the products included are desktop meter stations, meter test boards, hot socket accessories, transformer test equipment, handheld test equipment and software.
The document discusses antenna diversity techniques used in base station systems, including switched combining and maximum ratio combining. It describes the key components used for transmitting and receiving paths, including antennas, combiners, multicouplers and duplexers. Antenna diversity provides a second receive path to improve quality by using techniques like switched combining that select the best receiver path, or maximum ratio combining that optimally combines both paths.
This document summarizes a wide-range frequency synthesizer using a phase-rotating technique for digital TV tuners. Key points:
- The synthesizer was fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS and can provide frequencies from 55-960 MHz to satisfy ATSC specifications using an LC-VCO and band selection.
- It achieves fractional functionality using a phase-rotating concept instead of a conventional ΔΣ interpolation to reduce hardware complexity and power consumption.
- Measured results showed a phase noise of -123 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and lock time below 6 μs from 640-930 MHz.
1. The experiment aims to implement and study amplitude modulation schemes like DSB, DSB-SC, and SSB using MATLAB and communication modules.
2. In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in proportion to the message signal, resulting in a signal whose amplitude is a function of the message.
3. Forms of AM include DSB, DSB-SC, SSB, and VSB, which are used in different applications like radio, analog telephony, and TV broadcast.
This document discusses analog multipliers and phase locked loops (PLL). It describes various analog multiplier circuits including the emitter coupled transistor pair, Gilbert multiplier cell, and variable transconductance technique. It also covers the basic principles of PLLs, including applications of PLL ICs for frequency multiplication, division, translation, and FM demodulation. Key components of PLLs like the voltage controlled oscillator and phase detector are analyzed.
PAUSE frames are Ethernet MAC control frames that allow devices on a full-duplex link to request a pause in frame transmission. They carry a PAUSE opcode and pause time parameter, specifying the length of the requested pause in units of 512 bit times. PAUSE frames are sent to a reserved multicast address to simplify flow control without requiring knowledge of the destination's individual address. Switches will not forward frames sent to this multicast address but will process them internally for flow control purposes.
This document provides an overview of channel estimation strategies used in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It describes the basic types of channel estimation methods: block-type pilot channel estimation and comb-type pilot channel estimation. For block-type estimation, pilots are inserted into all subcarriers of OFDM symbols periodically. This allows estimation of the channel conditions between pilot symbols. Estimation can be done with least squares (LS), minimum mean-square error (MMSE), or modified MMSE. For comb-type estimation, pilots are inserted into certain subcarriers of each symbol, requiring interpolation to estimate data subcarriers. The document compares the implementation complexity and performance of different estimation methods.
This chapter discusses modeling ideal data converters like ADCs and DACs using SPICE behavioral elements. This allows analyzing mixed-signal circuit performance through SPICE simulation more efficiently. Behavioral models are generated for ideal ADCs and DACs. Sampling a signal replicates its spectrum at intervals of the sampling frequency, which can cause aliasing. SPICE is used to analyze signals in the frequency domain to study the effects of conversion. Ideal anti-aliasing and reconstruction filters are discussed, which should have linear phase and a cutoff frequency of half the sampling rate.
Investigation of THD for Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter Using Multicarrier Mod...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes an investigation into the total harmonic distortion (THD) of cascaded multi-level inverters using different multicarrier modulation techniques. It describes three modulation techniques - phase shifted multicarrier modulation (PSHM), level shifted multicarrier modulation (LSHM), and wave level shifted multicarrier modulation (WLSHM). Simulation results for 7-level, 9-level, 11-level, and 13-level inverters show that WLSHM achieves the lowest THD compared to the other techniques. The document concludes that WLSHM is the best modulation method for reducing THD in cascaded multi-level inverters.
Aircraft Communication Topic 4 hf communication systemIzah Asmadi
HF communication systems operate between 2-30 MHz and are used for long-distance radio transmissions via ground waves. They are commonly found on larger aircraft to provide extended communication range with ground stations or other aircraft. A typical HF system consists of an HF transceiver and power amplifier located in the aircraft's electronics rack, an antenna, and a control head in the cockpit. The Rockwell Collins HF-220 is an example HF system that uses an automatic antenna coupler to tune the antenna across the operating frequency range.
The paper introduces a multi-pass loop voltage controlled ring oscillator. The proposed structure uses cross-coupled PMOS transistors and replica bias with coarse/fine control signal. The design implemented in TSMC 90 nm CMOS technology, 0.9V power supply with frequency tuning range 481MHz to 4.08GHz and -94.17dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from 4.08GHz with 26.15mW power consumption.
The document provides a final report on the design and implementation of a space vector modulated (SVM) three-phase inverter. It includes a discussion of SVM pulse width modulation theory, a computer simulation of sinusoidal PWM, and an implementation of the SVM technique. The implementation was broken into four modules: an inverter module, an inverter control module, a calculation module, and a user interface control module. Simulation results showed the SVM technique producing the desired three-phase output with minimized harmonics.
The 9420 series pulse generator was designed to meet the growing demand for an affordable yet flexible system synchronizer. This benchtop, lab ready, delay generator comes standard with a 10ns timing resolution and a low jitter of less than 400ps. The simple programming, high functionality, and easy memory recall makes this model ideal for multiple projects and a wide variety of applications.
The Sapphire Plus is an upgrade to our standard Sapphire, with this enhanced version you will have better performance and higher specifications. This unit is perfect for those on a budget but looking for more precise resolution and jitter.
A 80Ms/sec 10bit PIPELINED ADC Using 1.5Bit Stages And Built-in Digital Error...VLSICS Design
Use of pipelined ADCs is becoming increasingly popular both as stand alone parts and as embedded functional units in SOC design. They have acceptable resolution and high speed of operation and can be placed in relatively small area. The design is implemented in 0.18uM CMOS process. The design includes a folded cascode op-amp with a unity gain frequency of 200MHz at 88 deg. Phase margin and a dc gain of 75dB. The circuit employs a built in sample and hold circuit and a three phase non-overlapping clock.
A 80Ms/sec 10bit PIPELINED ADC Using 1.5Bit Stages And Built-in Digital Error...VLSICS Design
Use of pipelined ADCs is becoming increasingly popular both as stand alone parts and as embedded functional units in SOC design. They have acceptable resolution and high speed of operation and can be placed in relatively small area. The design is implemented in 0.18uM CMOS process. The design includes a folded cascode op-amp with a unity gain frequency of 200MHz at 88 deg. Phase margin and a dc gain of 75dB. The circuit employs a built in sample and hold circuit and a three phase non-overlapping clock.
This document describes an experiment involving amplitude shift keying (ASK) and frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation and demodulation. It involves generating ASK and FSK signals, demodulating them using envelope detection and filtering, and restoring the original digital signal using comparators. The objectives are to examine ASK and FSK digital modulation techniques and investigate their generation and reception.
This document discusses synchronization and MIMO capabilities of USRP devices from Ettus Research. It provides details on:
1) How the USRP N200/N210 support plug-and-play 2x2 MIMO systems using a shared reference cable.
2) External references can be used to synchronize larger MIMO arrays, though additional equipment is required.
3) While other USRP models can be synchronized, some do not meet all requirements for MIMO without additional considerations.
Mitsubishi power management meters electronic multi measuring instrument-dien...Dien Ha The
Thiết Bị Điện Mitsubishi, Thiết Bị Điện,
Điện Công Nghiệp Mitsubishi, Điện Công Nghiệp,
Điện Hạ Thế Mitsubishi, Điện Hạ Thế,
Điện Dân Dụng Mitsubishi, Điện Dân Dụng,
Mitsubishi,
Thiết Bị Đóng Cắt Mitsubishi, Thiết Bị Đóng Cắt,
Thiết Bị Điện Mitsubishi, Thiết Bị Điện,
This document appears to be an exam paper for a power system simulation laboratory course. It contains 17 questions related to power flow analysis, transmission lines, fault analysis and load-frequency control. The questions involve both manual calculations and computer simulations. Students are asked to calculate transmission line parameters, form bus admittance and impedance matrices, perform load flow analysis using Gauss-Siedel and decoupled methods, determine fault currents, simulate load-frequency response and control systems, calculate economic generation dispatch, and more.
The document describes a laboratory manual for a Communication Systems course. It provides details on 14 experiments related to topics like signal sampling and reconstruction, time division multiplexing, AM and FM modulation/demodulation, pulse code modulation, delta modulation, line coding schemes, and error control coding. For each experiment, it lists the aim, apparatus required, theory, procedure, model graphs, kit diagrams, tabulations and results. The manual is meant to guide students through hands-on experiments to reinforce concepts taught in the course.
ell Allocation (CA) is the subset of the total frequency band that is available for one BTS. It can be viewed as the total transport resource available for traffic between the BTS and its attached MSs. One Radio Frequency CHannel (RFCH) of the CA is used to carry synchronization information and the Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH). This can be any of the carriers in the cell and it is known as the BCCH carrier or the c
carrier. Strong efficiency and quality requirements have resulted in a
0
rather complex way of utilizing the frequency resource. This chapter describes the basic principles of how to use this resource from the physical resource itself to the information transport service offered by the BTS.
Carrier separation is 200 kHz, which provides: • 124 pairs of carriers in the GSM 900 band • 374 pairs of carriers in the GSM 1800 band • 299 pairs of carriers in the GSM 1900 band
Using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) each of these carriers is divided into eight Time Slots (TS). One TS on a TDMA frame is called a physical channel, i.e. on each duplex pair of carriers there are eight physical channels.
A variety of information is transmitted between the BTS and thMS. The information is grouped into different logical channelsEach logical channel is used for a specific purpose such as paging, call set-up and speech. For example, speech is sent on the logical channel Traffic CHannel (TCH). The logical channels are mapped onto the physical channels.
The information in this chapter does not include channels specific for GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). For basic information on GPRS see chapter 14 of this documentation.
This presentation highlights TESCO's Test Equipment for a variety of needs for today's utilities. Some of the products included are desktop meter stations, meter test boards, hot socket accessories, transformer test equipment, handheld test equipment and software.
The document discusses antenna diversity techniques used in base station systems, including switched combining and maximum ratio combining. It describes the key components used for transmitting and receiving paths, including antennas, combiners, multicouplers and duplexers. Antenna diversity provides a second receive path to improve quality by using techniques like switched combining that select the best receiver path, or maximum ratio combining that optimally combines both paths.
This document summarizes a wide-range frequency synthesizer using a phase-rotating technique for digital TV tuners. Key points:
- The synthesizer was fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS and can provide frequencies from 55-960 MHz to satisfy ATSC specifications using an LC-VCO and band selection.
- It achieves fractional functionality using a phase-rotating concept instead of a conventional ΔΣ interpolation to reduce hardware complexity and power consumption.
- Measured results showed a phase noise of -123 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and lock time below 6 μs from 640-930 MHz.
1. The experiment aims to implement and study amplitude modulation schemes like DSB, DSB-SC, and SSB using MATLAB and communication modules.
2. In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in proportion to the message signal, resulting in a signal whose amplitude is a function of the message.
3. Forms of AM include DSB, DSB-SC, SSB, and VSB, which are used in different applications like radio, analog telephony, and TV broadcast.
This document discusses analog multipliers and phase locked loops (PLL). It describes various analog multiplier circuits including the emitter coupled transistor pair, Gilbert multiplier cell, and variable transconductance technique. It also covers the basic principles of PLLs, including applications of PLL ICs for frequency multiplication, division, translation, and FM demodulation. Key components of PLLs like the voltage controlled oscillator and phase detector are analyzed.
PAUSE frames are Ethernet MAC control frames that allow devices on a full-duplex link to request a pause in frame transmission. They carry a PAUSE opcode and pause time parameter, specifying the length of the requested pause in units of 512 bit times. PAUSE frames are sent to a reserved multicast address to simplify flow control without requiring knowledge of the destination's individual address. Switches will not forward frames sent to this multicast address but will process them internally for flow control purposes.
This document provides an overview of channel estimation strategies used in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It describes the basic types of channel estimation methods: block-type pilot channel estimation and comb-type pilot channel estimation. For block-type estimation, pilots are inserted into all subcarriers of OFDM symbols periodically. This allows estimation of the channel conditions between pilot symbols. Estimation can be done with least squares (LS), minimum mean-square error (MMSE), or modified MMSE. For comb-type estimation, pilots are inserted into certain subcarriers of each symbol, requiring interpolation to estimate data subcarriers. The document compares the implementation complexity and performance of different estimation methods.
This chapter discusses modeling ideal data converters like ADCs and DACs using SPICE behavioral elements. This allows analyzing mixed-signal circuit performance through SPICE simulation more efficiently. Behavioral models are generated for ideal ADCs and DACs. Sampling a signal replicates its spectrum at intervals of the sampling frequency, which can cause aliasing. SPICE is used to analyze signals in the frequency domain to study the effects of conversion. Ideal anti-aliasing and reconstruction filters are discussed, which should have linear phase and a cutoff frequency of half the sampling rate.
Investigation of THD for Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter Using Multicarrier Mod...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes an investigation into the total harmonic distortion (THD) of cascaded multi-level inverters using different multicarrier modulation techniques. It describes three modulation techniques - phase shifted multicarrier modulation (PSHM), level shifted multicarrier modulation (LSHM), and wave level shifted multicarrier modulation (WLSHM). Simulation results for 7-level, 9-level, 11-level, and 13-level inverters show that WLSHM achieves the lowest THD compared to the other techniques. The document concludes that WLSHM is the best modulation method for reducing THD in cascaded multi-level inverters.
Aircraft Communication Topic 4 hf communication systemIzah Asmadi
HF communication systems operate between 2-30 MHz and are used for long-distance radio transmissions via ground waves. They are commonly found on larger aircraft to provide extended communication range with ground stations or other aircraft. A typical HF system consists of an HF transceiver and power amplifier located in the aircraft's electronics rack, an antenna, and a control head in the cockpit. The Rockwell Collins HF-220 is an example HF system that uses an automatic antenna coupler to tune the antenna across the operating frequency range.
The paper introduces a multi-pass loop voltage controlled ring oscillator. The proposed structure uses cross-coupled PMOS transistors and replica bias with coarse/fine control signal. The design implemented in TSMC 90 nm CMOS technology, 0.9V power supply with frequency tuning range 481MHz to 4.08GHz and -94.17dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from 4.08GHz with 26.15mW power consumption.
The document provides a final report on the design and implementation of a space vector modulated (SVM) three-phase inverter. It includes a discussion of SVM pulse width modulation theory, a computer simulation of sinusoidal PWM, and an implementation of the SVM technique. The implementation was broken into four modules: an inverter module, an inverter control module, a calculation module, and a user interface control module. Simulation results showed the SVM technique producing the desired three-phase output with minimized harmonics.
The 9420 series pulse generator was designed to meet the growing demand for an affordable yet flexible system synchronizer. This benchtop, lab ready, delay generator comes standard with a 10ns timing resolution and a low jitter of less than 400ps. The simple programming, high functionality, and easy memory recall makes this model ideal for multiple projects and a wide variety of applications.
The Sapphire Plus is an upgrade to our standard Sapphire, with this enhanced version you will have better performance and higher specifications. This unit is perfect for those on a budget but looking for more precise resolution and jitter.
The Emerald 9250 series pulse generator was designed to meet the growing demand for an affordable yet high resolution system synchronizer. This precision delay generator comes standard with a 280 ppb TCXO oscillator and 5ps timing resolution for high performance in a compact packaging.
The Jewel is a rugged, air cooled, diode pumped, laser featuring a monolithic design which can supply 10mJ energy, with rep rates up to 20Hz. This reliable, light-weight, compact laser features easy to swap components making the Jewel ideal for a wide range of commercial and OEM applications
A rugged, cost-effective, ultra-compact micro laser measuring at just .5” x 3.5” and weighing just 40 grams. The MicroJewel is a 1064 diode pumped laser with Q-switched, high peak power pulses and excellent shot-shot stability. Even with its compact design, it still delivers up to 8mJ of energy and up to a 5Hz rep rate.
This document is the operating manual for the LS-63x Laser System produced by Quantum Composers, Inc. It contains instructions for setup, operation, maintenance and troubleshooting of the laser system. The system includes a laser, power supply, payload and optic assemblies. Safety information is provided regarding laser safety standards and labels. Setup instructions explain how to unpack, inventory, install and connect the system components. The manual also provides details on system operation using the LS-63x communication application for laser control, cut size settings and illumination control.
The document is a manual for the LS-62x laser system. It provides instructions for setup, operation, maintenance and safety of the system. The system produces a Class 4 laser beam and contains electrical circuits operating at lethal voltage, so safety precautions are required. The system consists of a laser payload, power supply, and optional turret assembly.
This document compares the specifications of four pulse generators from Quantum Composers Inc: the Sapphire 9500+, Sapphire 9520, Emerald, and Emerald. It provides a side-by-side comparison of each pulse generator's pulse generation capabilities, internal and external triggering features, output channels, communications options, and pricing for various channel configurations. The Emerald and Sapphire 9520 models offer the highest resolution, accuracy, and lowest jitter compared to the other models. Pricing ranges from $995 for a 2-channel Sapphire 9500+ to $5,780 for an 8-channel Emerald.
The MIR series are diode pumped solid state lasers that deliver >1 mJ, <10 ns pulses with factory-selectable infrared wavelengths from 1.5 microns to 4 microns. These Mid-IR Lasers were created with the new SOPO (Stable Optical Parametric Oscillator) technology and feature a small form factor combined with robust components to create a laser with a high output energy and reduced shot-to-shot energy jitter. Typical shot-to-shot energy fluctuation is less than 0.5% RMS of the mean pulse energy.
The Communications Terminal program is a convenient way to remotely interface with Quantum Composers
pulse generators and is provided with every pulse generator.
The 9530 Digital Delay Pulse Generator provides precise timing and synchronization capabilities with 250 ps timing resolution and 50 ps jitter. It has a compact 1U rackmount design with 4 or 8 independent output channels and inputs for external triggering and clock synchronization. The generator can be precisely synchronized to external clocks up to 100 MHz and is well-suited for applications involving laser and pulse timing systems.
Quantum Composers now provides board level digital delay pulse generators. The 8000 series board products retain all functionality of the standard pulse generators in an easy to integrate package. These boards provide a cost-effective method to create and synchronize multiple sequences, delayed triggering, or any precisely timed series of events. We offer computer interfaces for ease of programming and full integration support.
The laser attenuator module provides linearized control of laser energy from 0% to 100% with a shutter to ensure no residual energy at 0%. It has an internal calibration and linearization function to simplify setup. Multiple attenuator modules can be connected together via daisy chaining to independently control energy levels across multiple laser wavelengths.
Quantum Composers is announcing a new pulse generator called the Sapphire Series starting at $995 for 2 channels. This compact device offers fast resolution and low jitter at an unprecedented low price point, making nanosecond timing technology accessible to smaller labs and researchers for the first time. The Sapphire will have 10ns resolution and <500ps jitter, with optional Bluetooth connectivity. This is expected to significantly increase the amount of research that can be done with limited budgets.
The document explains restrictions on setting width and delay on the output channels of a pulse generator. The width and delay must total less than the intended output period minus 75 ns, otherwise the channel will not output pulses at the intended period. If the total exceeds the period, the channel will still output a pulse but not maintain the intended timing. Leaving 75 ns of "dead time" ensures pulses are generated at the intended period. Multiple rates can be achieved by setting one channel's delay to match the period.
The document compares the specifications of two pulse generators: the SRS DG 535 and the QC 9520. It shows that the QC 9520 has more features and flexibility across most categories, including communications interfaces, trigger/gate options, delay ranges and resolutions, internal rate generator performance, and I/O options. The QC 9520 also has modular options that allow for additional capabilities like incremental output, high voltage pulses, and dual optical/trigger inputs that are not available on the SRS DG 535. In summary, the QC 9520 generally outperforms the SRS DG 535 according to the specifications comparison chart.
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The 9710 Current Pulse Generator is a digital delay current generator with 2 or 4 independent output channels. It can generate precise current pulses up to 25 amps with timing resolution of 200 ns and pulse widths adjustable from 0.1 to 100 ms. Each channel's delay and pulsewidth can be independently controlled via an easy-to-use interface. It also provides a TTL sync output and safety interlocks.
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1. Channel Multiplexing
One of the more unique features of the Quantum Composer pulse generators is the ability to combine the
timing of any or all channels together and output them out of any of the output BNCs. The multiplexing function
(MUX) can be set through remote communications via a computer or from the front panel of most units.
The MUX feature is available on all of the standard Quantum Composer voltage output pulse generators from
the price minded Sapphire series (9200 model) to the feature rich 9520 series. The feature operates the same in
all of the models and the setup for the MUX feature is identical across the different product lines. The MUX
feature combines the timing parameters (width and delay settings) of multiple channels together on one output
to create complex pulse train outputs. The output channel selected can also add its timing to the final output
train (Fig. 1). The third pulse of the combined pulse output (Channel 4 in Fig. 1) is generated by that specific
channel’s settings.
Fig. 1
Rev 00
2. The output amplitude of the combined pulse train will be determined by the output mode setting on the actual
output channel. The MUX feature does not combine the actual output voltage signal together. In other words,
combining a standard TTL (5V) output channel with an adjustable voltage output (10V) will not generate an
output that has both 5V and 10V outputs (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2
Each output channel has its own MUX setting located in the channel menu structure. The channel menu
structures are similar for most of the pulse generator models and a video of the 9520 channel menu structure can
be found on our website (http://www.quantumcomposers.com/support/videos). See figure 3 for an example of
the MUX menu on a 9500+ series pulse generator.
Fig. 3
Rev 00
3. The MUX menu show two lines on the display: one indicating the channels of the unit and one indicating what
channel timers are being output on that channel. The number under the channel indicator can either be a 1 or a
0. 1 indicates that the timing is active for that output and a 0 means that it is not. Figure 3 shows the MUX menu
for Channel A of a 8 channel 9518+ and indicates that only the timing parameters of channel A are being used for
that output.
Fig. 4
Figure 4 shows channels A, C, F, and H all multiplexed together on the Channel A output. The channel timing for
the output being used (in Fig. 3 and 4 Channel A) does not need to be output on that particular channel. In that
case the output can be just a composite of the other channel outputs. The output amplitude will still be
determined by the output channel but the timing components (width and delay) will not be included.
The channel multiplexing feature (MUX) is just one of many unique and powerful features that the Quantum
Composers pulse generators have to offer. If there are any questions about how any of our units operate or if
there are special requirements for your project, please contact support@quantumcomposers.com and view our
website at www.Quantumcomposers.com for our latest product offerings.
Rev 00