This document discusses challenges and opportunities in 21st century teaching and learning. It outlines five key characteristics of 21st century learning: learner-centered, media-driven, personalized, transfer by design, and visibly relevant. It then discusses each characteristic in more detail. For example, it explains that learner-centered education focuses on seeing each learner as unique, with unbounded potential. The document also discusses the importance of educational technology and some common challenges teachers face when integrating technology, such as students misusing devices, lack of teacher training, safety concerns, costs, and keeping up with rapid changes.