The document discusses various techniques for teaching English pronunciation to students whose first language is different from English. It provides examples of sounds that are difficult for learners, and offers solutions such as demonstrating sounds visually, drilling minimal pairs to distinguish sounds, using games to reinforce learning, and drawing connections to the learners' mother tongue.

1. TEACHING PHONETICS m n RAJU

2. SOME COMMON PROBLEMS Many English sounds do not exist in the first language. English words are not pronounced as they are spelt. Pulling ridiculous faces is embarrassing to some. Previous emphasis was on vocabulary and grammar. Sometimes right pronunciation is comical/‘stupid’.

3. SOME SOLUTIONS Demonstrate Distinguish Drill Dictate Play games Mother Tongue Equals

4. SOME SOLUTIONS Demonstrate Distinguish Drill Dictate Play games Mother Tongue Equals

5. DEMONSTRATE We are very worried about the wet vest. Why do we have an ‘h’ in w h y , and w h ere , w h en , w h at and w h ite ? Well, there’s a ‘w’ in w ho , w hose , w hole , and w rite when the meaning is right.

6. DEMONSTRATE vvvvvv..est; vvvvv..est; vvvv..est; vvv..est; vv..est; vest wwwww..est; wwww..est; www..est; ww..est; west Wet - Vet Went - Vent Whale - Veil While - Vile Wine - Vine West - Vest We’re - Veer Wow - Vow Wheel - Veal Wary - Vary

7. Vanity drives away wisdom. The valet parked the wet van. The villain advised his wives. Vigor helps you win. Wise women keep away from vices. DEMONSTRATE

8. SOME SOLUTIONS Demonstrate Distinguish Drill Dictate Play games Mother Tongue Equals

9. DISTINGUISH One sound from another WOW/VOW COT/CART SHIFT/SIFT Long vowels from short vowels PIT/PERT/PET/PAT/POT/PUTT/PUT PEAT/PORT/PART Voiced sounds from voiceless sounds BIT/PIT VILE/FILE GAP/CAP Plosives from fricatives TICK/THICK COP/SHOP PIN/FIN (model, repeat, practice, assess)

10. SAME LETTERS – MANY SOUNDS Ch urch Ma ch ine Ch aos A rm A nt A ssign A le Thor ough B ough C ough En ough

11. SAME SOUND – MANY LETTERS Ch aos O cc asion La k e Li ck Li qu or C ancel S ent A ss ent Sc ent C ent

12. VOWELS vs CONSONANTS Production : Vowels – without any obstruction of the airstream Pure Vowels – constant throughout Diphthongs – smooth glide (I say go now) Consonants – a definite obstruction of the airstream by the vocal organs Occurrence in syllables : Vowels – at the center Consonants – at the margins

13. SHORT OR LONG? Ship, ship, ship, ship, sheep, sheep, ship, sheep Hit, hit, hit, heat, hit, hit, heat, hit It, eat, it, it, it, eat, it, it, it, eat Pull, pool, pool, pull, pull, pool, pull, pull, pull, pool Cot, cot, cot, caught, caught, cot, cot, cot I saw a big ship. I saw a big sheep. What is Das’s favorite food? What is Shiv’s pet dish?

14. SOME SOLUTIONS Demonstrate Distinguish Drill Dictate Play games Mother Tongue Equals

15. DRILL S nake s hi ss . Bee s bu zz . Tap the table when you hear /z/ sound Trace, Trays, Place, Plays, Niece, Knees, Ice, Eyes, Grace, Graze, Hiss, His

16. DRILL Sink Zinc Sip Zip Trace Trays Race Raze Peace Peas Rice Rise A Z ambian vi s ited u s in De c ember. We organi z ed an excursion to the z oo to s pend s ome time together. Hi s nie c e s potted there a z ebra, a chimpan z ee, and s ome s nake s . Sincere Zero Success Xerox Suspense Zenith Suppress Zing

17. DRILL Try Dry Ten Den Town Down Tent Dent Trip Drip Team Deem T e d ro d e a col t an d lef t t own with a d ozen bun d les of s t icks. His sis t er was d isappoin t e d for she wan t e d T e d t o go t o the d en t is t and ge t a bo tt le of me d icine for her d ecaye d t ooth. Train Drain Drill Trill Cotton Cordon Matter Madder Neat Need Knot Nod

18. SOME SOLUTIONS Demonstrate Distinguish Drill Dictate Play games Mother Tongue Equals

19. HOMOPHONES, OR NOT? Sea, see Pull, pool Throne, thrown Caught, court Sword, soared Groan, grown

20. Band One Nose Past Flu Right Sun Sell Knot Banned Won Knows Passed Flew Write Son Cell Not HOMOPHONES, DICTATION

21. MORE HOMOPHONES not / knot bread / bred groan / grown deer / dear bear / bare Board / bored soul / sole toes / tows flower / flour he'll / heal / heel heard / herd whale / wail root / route/ so / sew / sow road / rowed read/red none / nun piece / peace be / B / bee air / heir some / sum would / wood tire / tyre break / brake here / hear sawed / sword mind / mined higher / hire site / sight/ allowed / aloud bite / byte dye / die which / witch scent/cent/sent which / witch hi / high mist / missed weather/whether rose / rows tour / tore steel / steal cereal / serial

22. Sawed/sword So/sew/sow Bored/board Tour/tore Allowed/aloud Groan/grown Sent/scent/cent Flower/flour HOMOPHONE GAME Read out a homophone and ask students to write on board both versions. Give the list of homophones and dictate sentences with blanks.

23. REPETITION Fade Fed Sale Sell Laid Led Paste Pest Late Let Fast First Far Fur Cart Curt Lark Lurk Barn Burn Toy Tore Coin Corn Boil Ball Boy Bore Foil Fall Fear Fee Beard Bead Mere Me Peer Pea Seer Sea Fare Fear Pair Peer Tear Tear Air Ear Hair Here Dug Dog Cup Cop Rub Rob Luck Lock Bus Boss Dark Dock Part Pot Lark Lock Heart Hot Cart Cot Poor Paw Sure Shore Moor More Dour Door Tour Tore

24. SOME SOLUTIONS Demonstrate Distinguish Drill Dictate Play games Mother Tongue Equals

25. SILENT SOUNDS GAME Mouth a sound silently. Let students guess the sound from the shape of your mouth. Divide the board into two – write one phonemic symbol or a word on either side. (seat & sit; vine & wine; sat & set etc) Mouth more words and after students have guessed it right, write on board. Student work in pairs and test each other.

26. PHONETIC HANGMAN Fun game to help learners understand that phonetic script is made up of symbols, not letters. Learners produce sounds, teacher produces symbols. Think of a word and its phonetic script. Draw on board an appropriate number of spaces. (- - - for ‘fish’) Ask learners to give sounds they think are in the word. Write the corresponding symbol in the space. Maintain score on the hangman.

27. TONGUE TWISTERS She sells sea shells on the sea shore. A proper copper coffee cup. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Where’s the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked? A big black bug bit a big black bear. Around the rugged rocks, the rugged rascal ran. (Ask if students have any tongue twisters in any language and try repeating them to create laughter.)

28. Teams of about 5 people. Write your first name on a sheet of paper. Pass the paper to the person on your right. Write an answer to question 1. Your answer must begin with the first sound in the person's name. (e.g. Bob - bought a bike) Pass around until all questions are answered. Pass the paper back to the person who started with it. Read all the tongue twisters aloud. (Questions: 1 . What did she/he do?; 2. Where?; 3. When?; 4. Because?) TONGUE TWISTER GAME Some examples before they begin: Babu bought a bike in Bapatla on his birthday because he was bored. Saraswati sang a song at the seaside on the 6th of September because she saw some sunshine. Lingaiah laughed in the laundrette at lunch because he lost his laundry.

29. Distribute cards with words written on them to groups of students. Ask each group to spread all of their cards face down. Each student turns over two cards at a time. The two words are read out loud. Group listens and decides if the words are rhyming. If the two words rhyme, the student keeps the cards. when cards exhaust, the one with the most cards wins. Word pairs for example: town, noun turn, earn though, low square, air paw, store some, thumb lake, break house, mouse die, cry wheat, sheet Can also be played with homophone pairs, for example: some, sum threw, through so, sew pair, pear right, write hare, hair RHYMING PAIR GAME

30. PRODUCTION These Behave Seizure Lashes Seashore Feathers Fifths Faith Cash Catch Shop Chop Washing Watching Shoes Choose Leisure Ledger Pleasure Pledger Pronounce Major Carpet Resurrect Separate Abnormal Accurate Transistor Ambulance Cathedral

31. SOME SOLUTIONS Demonstrate Distinguish Drill Dictate Play games Mother Tongue Equals

32. MOTHER TONGUE EQUALS F e d F ar m F i ll F ee l F oo d R u le C a sh G y m T o n D are P ail B omb S ell P air P ai n P eer P oor Pr y P ou nd P our

33. THE ENGLISH ALPHABET