Tea From China to Japan , Europe to India a history report by Allah Dad Khan

History Sheet of Tea From China
to Japan. West to Europe , Europe
to India and Pakistan
By
Allah Dad Khan

ORIGIN OF TEA
Many have heard that tea's beginnings are traced to China in 2737 B.C. when
an errant tea leaf blew into the cup of hot water that Emperor Shen Nung was
drinking. But many people do not know the rest of the tale. Emperor Shen
Nung was also said to have the head and horns of a bull...and a transparent
stomach. He would eat plants and herbs and visually observe their effect on
his body. The stories say that he was poisoned 72 times in one day. So, it is
clear that the "truth" behind the discovery of tea is steeped in lore and
mythology.

HISTORY OF TEA
The history of tea is fascinating and offers great insight into the history of our
world. Since tea was first discovered in China, it has traveled the world
conquering the thirsts of virtually every country on the planet. Tea is the most
popular beverage in the world as well as one of the healthiest. If you have ever
wondered where tea comes from and how we got to the point where tea is
served in virtually every corner of the world, steep a hot cup of tea and explore
the history of the simple tea leaf over the centuries

TIME LINE HISTORY TEA IN WORLD
 2737 B.C.E. Tea is reportedly first discovered in China by the mythical second emperor,
Shen Nung, known as the Divine Healer, when leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant drift
into a heated open pot of water. (The adventurous leader supposedly ate 365 medicinal
plants over the course of his lifetime -- until he turned green and died from toxic
overdoses.)
 2727 BCCHINA - The Emperor Shen Nung discovers tea one day while drinking hot
water in his garden.
 1200 BCTea is served to King Wen (founder of the Zhou dynasty) as evidenced by early
documentation of court life.
 1027 BCE King Wen, founder of the Zhou Dynasty, receives tea as tribute from leaders
in the Szechwan district.

 750. BC The documented evidence according to the history of tea drinking in India
dates back to 750 BC
 551 - 479 BCE Confucius documented as a tea drinker.
 350 B.C.E. The first description of drinking tea is written in a Chinese dictionary.
 221-206 BCE Liu Kun, a military leader in the Qin Dynasty writes to his nephew
requesting "real tea" to lift his spirits.
 206 BCE One of the first recorded uses of tea is in China during the Han Dynasty (206
BCE–220 CE), in which it was taken medicinally
 206 BCE - CE 220 (Han Dynasty.) Emperor specifies proper pronunciation of the word
tea - Cha, distinguishing it from other plants that are descried by the same character
 74 -49 BCE Slave contract indicating duties including the buying and making of tea
 59 BCE Wang Boa gives instructions in his book on how to buy tea and brew it.

 222 AD Tea is first mentioned in Chinese writing in 222 AD as a substitute for wine,
and in a circa 350 AD Chinese dictionary
 350 Wong Mong a government officer during Southern and Northern Dynasty is
described as a man unable to live without tea. His tendency to inundate his guests
with tea was referred to as "flooding."
 400'sTea joins noodles, vinegar, and cabbage as an item of trade
 400 - 600 The demand for tea rose steadily. Rather than harvest leaves from
wildtrees, farmers began to develop ways to cultivate tea. Tea was commonly
madeintoroasted cakes, which were then pounded into small pieces and placed in
a china pot. After adding boiling water, onion, spices, ginger or orange were
introduced to produce many regional variations.

 479 Turkish traders bartered for tea on the Mongolian border.
 508, tea seeds first reached Japan via a Buddhist monk named Dengyo Daishi (also
known as Saicho) who had been studying in China
 542 Tea bartered with the Turkic peoples
 593 Buddhism and tea journey from China to Japan. Japanese priests studying in
China carried tea seeds and leaves back.
 600'sChinese character c'ha, meaning tea, comes into use

 600'sChinese character c'ha, meaning tea, comes into use
 618 – 906 AD T'ang Dynasty. Powdered tea became the fashion of the time. It was
often mixed with other ingredients and brewed, reducing the real tea taste.
Nobility made tea a popular pastime. Caravans carried tea on the Silk Road,
trading with India , Turkey, and Russia.
 620. Originally, all porcelain teacups were made in China, starting around 620
A.D. Poet Lu Yu, wrote the first book of tea, making him a living saint, patronized
by the Emperor himself. The book described methods of cultivation and
preparation
 648-749 A Japanese monk named Gyoki plants the first tea bushes in 49 Buddhist
temple gardens. Tea in Japan is rare and expensive, enjoyed mostly by high priests
and the aristocracy.

 708 In China, boiled water is safer to drink than untreated water, and tea becomes
popular accompanied by the belief that tea has medicinal properties
 725. The Chinese give tea give its own character: ch'a.
 727The Japanese Emperor Shomu receives a gift of China tea from a visiting T'ang
emissary
 729JAPAN - The Emperor Shomu serves Chinese tea to visiting monks. The monks are
inspired by the tea and decide to grow it in Japan. The monk Gyoki dedicates his entire
life to the cultivation of tea in Japan, during which time he built 49 temples, each with a
tea garden.

 780CHINA - The first tax on tea in China, due to its popularity. The first book on tea, the
Ch'a Ching (The Classic of Tea), written by the poet Lu Yu is published.Tea drinking
becomes very popular at court, inspiring the custom of "Tribute tea", whereby tea
growers "donate" their very best tea to the Emperor and the Imperialcourt.Due to its
popularity, tea is taxed for the first tax in China.
 780 Lu Yu (the father of tea) publishes the Cha Ching (or Tea Classic), summing up
everything that is known about tea at that point. Tea drinking is developed into an art
with prescribed rituals. China is the largest empire on the earth, trading tea with most
of its neighbors. Kukai, patriarch of the Shingon sect of Buddhism, brought tea in the
brick form from China to the Japanese court in the early ninth century.
 794Japanese monks plant tea bushes in Kyoto's Imperial gardens.

 805 The Buddhist monk Saicho brought tea seeds to Japan from China.
 900Japan is again influenced by Chinese culture, when Japanese scholars return from a visit to China
bearing tea.
 960 - 1280 Song (Sung) Dynasty. Tea was used widely. Powdered tea had become common. Beautiful
ceramic tea accessories were made during this time. Dark-blue, black and brown glazes, which contrasted
with the vivid green of the whisked tea, were favored.
 1012 Cai Xiang is born. Becomes Fijian Province's tea commissioner and widely accepted as the most
discerning tea palette of his day. "Tea tastings" at this time are popular entertainment among the
government officials
 1101 - 1125 Emperor Hui Tsung wrote about the best ways to make whisked tea.Astrong patron of the tea
industry, he had tournaments in which members ofthecourt identified different types of tea. Legend has
it that he became so obsessed with tea he hardly noticed the Mongols who overthrew his empire. During
his reign, teahouses built in natural settings became popular among the Chinese. 1191 Eisai Myoan, the
monk who brought Zen Buddhism to Japan, returned from a trip to China with tea seeds, which he
planted on the grounds of his temple near Kyoto. Eisai experimented with different ways to brew tea,
finally adopting the Chinese whisked tea.

 1107The Emperor Hui Tsung (1082-1135) writes about the many
aspects of tea in his treatise called Ta Kuan Ch'a Lun
 1191JAPAN - The Buddhist abbot Yeisei re-introduces tea to Japan
after travels in China. He brings tea seeds and knowledge of
Buddhist rituals involving a bowl of shared tea. He also writes the
first Japanese book about tea.
 1192-1333 .Kamakura Period Tea was elevated to an art form
with the creation of the Japanese ritual tea ceremony (“Cha-no-
yu”), a ritual for the preparation, serving, and drinking of
tea. The ceremony became institutionalized during the Kamakura
period (1192 – 1333 AD) when tea was taken by Zen Buddhist
monks to keep them awake during meditations.

 1206 - 1368 Yuan Dynasty. Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan
conquered Chinese territories and established a Mongolian dynasty
in power for more than a century. Tea became an ordinary drink,
never regaining the high status it once enjoyed. Marco Polo was
not even introduced to tea when he visited.
 1211 In Japan, Eisai wrote a small book on tea, elevating its
popularity further.
 1227 Dogen returns from China with a wide assortment of tea
utensils. In his instructions on daily life at the Eiheiji temple, he
gives instructions for tea ceremonies.
 1261JAPAN - Buddhist monks travel across Japan, spreading the art
of tea and the Zen doctrine
 1280 Mongolia takes over China and since the Emperor of Mongol
isn't a "tea guy," tea drinking dies down in the courts and among
the aristocracy. The masses continue to indulge.

 1370 B.C., processed leaves replaced the tea cakes and tea is traded as a
commodity throughout Asia and Europe.
 1368 - 1644 Ming Dynasty. People again began to enjoy tea. The new
method of preparation was steeping whole leaves in water. The resulting
pale liquid necessitated a lighter color ceramic than was popular in the
past. The white and off white tea-ware produced became the style of the
time. The first Yixing pots were made at this time.
 1391 Chu Yuan-chang decrees that brick tea should no longer be
produced, and that all tribute tea should be leaf tea. (The production of
brick tea for the imperial court had been a highly complex and very
expensive process, an extravagant source of corruption and waste.) Once
cake tea was no longer available, the ritual of preparing whisked tea from
powdered tea is abandoned. Brewed tea becomes the most popular way
to prepare tea. Early forms of teapots are used.
 1394 -1481 Ikkyu, a prince who became a priest, was successful in
guiding the nobles away from their corruption of the tea ceremony.

 1400'sTea drinking becomes prevalent among the masses in Japan
 1422 - 1502 The Japanese tea ceremony was created by a Zen priest named
Murata Shuko, who haddevoted his life to tea. The ceremony is called Cha No Yu,
which means "hot water for tea.“
 1448 Japan's Shogun Yoshimasa encourages painting, drama and tea.
 1477The Japanese Shogun Ashikaga-Yoshimasa builds the first tearoom at his
palace in Kyoto. He employs the Buddhist priest Shuko to develop a ceremony
around the service of tea. The practice and etiquette of "chanoyu" ("hot water
tea") is born.
 1484 Japan's shogun Yoshimasa encourages tea ceremonies, painting, and drama.
 1500 Teapots in China take on the familiar shape used today. In the fifteenth and
sixteenth centuries a newly prosperous and influential merchant class develops in
Japan and tea becomes available to a wider circle of people.
 1521-1591JAPAN - Sen Rikyu, known as the "father of tea" in Japan, codifies the
tea ceremony.

 1522 .The tea master Sen Rikyu (1522-1591) developed WABICHA
or the style of tea that reflects a simple and quiet Taste
 1559.Ramusioin in 1559. It is thought that the first European to see
tea was the Portuguese Jesuit Father, Jasper de Cruz
 1560 .The first European to personally encounter tea and write
about it was the Portuguese Jesuit missionary, Father Jasper de
Cruz in 1560
 1560. He was a missionary on the first commercial trading trip that
was permitted by China from Portugal. Tea was brought to Europe
by the Dutch in the early 1600s by the Dutch East India Co.

 1589 Europeans learn about tea when a Venetian author
credits the lengthy lives of Asians to their tea drinking.
1597 Tea is mentioned for the first time in an English
translation of Dutch navigator Jan Hugo van Linschooten's
travels, in which he refers to tea as chaa.
1600 - Queen Elizabeth l (1533-1603) granted permission for the charter of the
British East India Company (1600-1858), also known as the John Company, on
December 31, 1600 to establish trade routes, ports, and trading relationships with
the Far East, Southeast Asia, and India Trade in spices was its original focus, but
later traded in cottons, silks, indigo, saltpeter, and tea. Due to political and other
factors, the tea trade didn’t begin until the late 1670s

 1601 English East India Company founded.
 1602 .East India Company, Dutch, 1602–1798, chartered by the States-
General of the Netherlands
 1610 The Dutch brought tea to Europe from China, trading dried sage in
exchange.
 1618 Chinese ambassadors presented Czar Alexis with a gift of several
chests of tea.
 1618RUSSIA - Tea is introduced to Russia, when the Chinese embassy visits
Moscow, bringing a chest of tea as a gift for the Czar Alexis.

 1635EUROPE - The "tea heretics" (doctors and university authorities) of Holland argue over the
positive and negative effects of tea, while the Dutch continue to enjoy their newfound beverage.
 1637 Wealthy Dutch merchants' wives serve tea at parties.
 1644 Manchus invade China and take power as the Quing dynasty. Tea makers discover the secrets
of controlled "fermentation" or oxidation of the leaves before and during the drying process.
Oolong and Black (red) teas are developed. As a result the coloration of tea cups changes to lighter
hues.

 1650 -1700 Tea parties become quite trendy among women across the social classes. Husbands cry
family ruin, and religious reformers call for a ban.
 1650 The Dutch introduce several teas and tea traditions to New Amsterdam, which later becomes
New York
 1650/1660NORTH AMERICA - A Dutch trader introduces tea to the Dutch settlers in New
Amsterdam (a small settlement in North America). Later, when the English acquired this colony,
they found that the inhabitants of New Amsterdam (or New York as they chose to re-name it)
consumed more tea than all of England.
 1652EUROPE - Tea is introduced to England by the Dutch East India Company.
 1657 The first tea is sold as a health beverage in London, England at. Garway's Coffee House

 1658For the first time tea is made publicly available at Thomas Garaway's Coffee House in
London.
1658 Tea is advertised in England as China drink
 1660England's first tax on tea, levied at 8 pence for every gallon of tea sold at the coffeehouses.
 1660 Unknown in Britain, Chinese tea is brought over by sailors and first served up in London’s coffee houses.
 1661 The debate over tea's health benefits versus detriments heightens when a Dutch doctor praises its curative
side while French and German doctors call out its harmful side

1662King Charles II married the Portuguese Princess Catherine of Braganza, who, not only
introduced tea at court, but also brought to England (as part of her dowry), the territories of
Bombay and Tangiers. This added strategic impetus to the already-strong monopoly of the John Foundation.
1664 The English East India Company brings the gift of tea to the British king and queen.• The British take over New
Amsterdam, name it New York, and a British tea tradition ensues.
1664Tea drinking becomes very fashionable among the aristocracy of England, although the debate continues as to
its medicinal value or harm
1666 Holland tea prices drop to $80-$100 per pound.
1669 The English East India Company monopolizes British tea imports after convincing the British government to ban
Dutch imports of tea.

 1670The English begin to make and use silver teapots.
 1675EUROPE - In Holland, tea is widely available for purchase in common food shops.
 1680EUROPE - Tea drinking becomes a popular pastime in Europe, as a result of a craze
for anything Oriental. The Marquise Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, is recorded to have
added milk to her tea. An addition of milk to hot tea was made to prevent thedelicate
porcelain cup (Oriental influence) from cracking.Tea is introduced to the Scottish
aristocracy by the Duchess of York (future wife of King James II)

 1685England begins to trade directly with China. Tea and the Chinese word t'e (Amoy dialect) is
brought to England directly from the Amoy region.
 1689RUSSIA - The Trade Treaty of Newchinsk establishes a common border between China and
Russia, allowing trade caravans to cross freely. The trade caravans consisting of over 200 camels
take over 16 months to cross the 11,000 miles between Moscow and Beijing. As a result, the cost
of tea in Russia is high, and is drunk only by those who can afford it.Realizing the potential
popularity of tea and the money it could generate, the British Crown levies a 5-shilling per pound
tax on dried tea. This will eventually lead to widespread smuggling.
 1698Due to popular demand, English potters of Staffordshire begin a local industry, making
earthenware teapots, cups and saucers

 1669 Close to 150 pounds of tea were shipped to England.
 1670 The Massachusetts colony is known to drink black tea.
 1680 Tea with milk is mentioned in Madam de Sévigné's letters.The Duchess of York
introduces tea to Scotland.
 1689 Traders with three hundred camels traveled 11,000 miles to China and back in order to
supply Russia's demand. The trip took sixteen months.
 1690 The first tea is sold publicly in Massachusetts.
 1697 In Taiwan, settlers of Formosa's Nantou county cultivated the first domestic bushes.
Dutch ships carried the tea to Persia, the first known export of Taiwanese tea.
 1699EUROPE - England imports an average of 40,000 pounds of tea

 1700 By 1700, tea was on sale by more than 500 coffee houses in London. Tea drinking
became even more popular when Queen Anne (1665–1714) chose tea over ale as her
regular breakfast drink. Anne's character was once portrayed as a tea-drinking, social
nonentity with lesbian tendencies.
 1702 During Queen Anne's reign, tea drinking thrives in British coffeehouses.
 1705 The yearly importation of tea to England grew to approximately 800,000 pounds
 1706 Thomas Twining serves up tea at Tom's Coffee House in London
 1710 Wealthy American Colonists developed a taste for tea.
 1717 Thomas Twining opens first "tea-only" house and invites women to enjoy the
previously "men-only" drink.

 1717 Thomas Twining converted Toim’s Coffee House into the golden Lyon, the first
teashop in London.
 1707Thomas Twinning opens his famous Toms Coffee House in London1708EUROPE -
England imports an annual average 240,000 pounds of tea. People of all levels of
society now drink tea in England.
 1716Tea is brought to Canada by the Hudson Bay Company.
 1717Thomas Twinning converts his coffeehouse to the first teashop "The Golden Lyon",
which becomes the first place for women to meet and socialize in public.
 1723 British Prime Minister Robert Walpole reduces British import taxes on tea.
 1730'sEUROPE - The popularity of tea wanes in France, in favor of coffee, wine and
chocolate.Now viewed as a valuable commodity, the first Chinese teas are sold at
auctions in Europe

 1735 The Russian Empress extends tea as a regulated trade.• In order to fill Russia's
tea demand, traders and three hundred camels travel 11,000 miles to and from China,
which takes sixteen months.• Russian tea-drinking customs emerge, which entail using
tea concentrate, adding hot water, topping it with a lemon, and drinking it through a
lump of sugar held between the teeth.
 1744 First attempt at tea cultivation in the United States.
 1750Black tea exceeds green tea in popularity in Europe
 1750 By this point, tea is the favoured drink of Britain’s lower classes, in spite of the
huge taxes it carries. These taxes are reduced in the middle of the 19th century.
 1765Josiah Wedgewood's ceramic ware creates a splash and sets a new standard for
English teaware.
 1767England imposes high taxes on tea and other items sent to the American colonists.
The colonists, resenting the monopoly that England has over them, begins to smuggle
tea in from Holland.

 1772 Tea first successfully cultivated in the United States.
 1773EUROPE - The John Company and the East India Company merge, forming the New East India Company. This
new company had a complete monopoly on all trade and commerce in India and China. Trade with China is
expensive however, and England's solution to its financial problem is opium. They begin to trade opium, (which
they could grow cheaply in India) with the Chinese for tea. The Chinese would become addicted to the supply of
opium, ensuring a constant supply of cheap tea to the English.The famous Boston Tea Party occurs when
American patriots dressed as Mohawk Indians push 342 chests of tea overboard. This act would eventually lead
to the American Declaration of Independence of 1776.

 1774 A furious British Parliament passes the Coercive Acts in response to the American "tea party" rebellions.•
King George III agrees to the Boston Port Bill, which closes the Boston Harbor until the East India Company is
reimbursed for its tea.
 1775 After several British attempts to end the taxation protests, the American Revolution begins.
 1776 A law is passed in Britain against adulterating tea
 1778 Before the indigenous Assam tea plants are identified, British naturalist Sir Joseph Banks, hired by the East
India Company, suggests that India grow, plant and cultivate imported Chinese tea. For 50 years, India is
unsuccessful
 1780Tea smuggling is rampant in England as people resort to illegal measures to avoid paying the high tax on tea.
 1784 Parliament further reduces the British import taxes on tea in an effort to end the smuggling that accounts
for the majority of the nation's tea imports.
 1785 11 million pounds of tea are brought into England.
 1797 English tea drinking hits a rate of 2 pounds per capita annually, a rate that increases by five times over the
next 10 years

 1784The grandson of Thomas Twinning persuades the Prime Minister William Pitt to drop the high taxes on tea,
not only eliminating smuggling, but making tea an affordable luxury to Brits of all walks of life.The Comte de la
Rochefoucauld writes:
"Throughout the whole of England the drinking of tea is general. You have it twice a day and though the expense
is considerable, the humblest peasant has his tea just like the rich man
 1789NORTH AMERICA - The American Revolution is over, and America begins to trade directly with China. They
would eventually break England's tea monopoly with their faster sailing ships, and honest way of doing business
(they paid gold, not Opium for tea)
 1799 French botanist Francois Andre Michaux, brought the Camellia sinensis plant to the United States and gave
it to Henry Middleton
 .1800Tea gardens become popular haunts for fashionable Londoners

 1812 Andrew Melrose founded Melrose's tea company.
 1818The Temperance Movement is founded as a result of rampant alcoholism brought
on by the Industrial Revolution. Members seek salvation for the drunken men with "tea
and god on their side". This movement eventually inspired the word "teetotaling“
 1822 The Tetley brothers started in business.

 1823The first Indian tea bushes are "discovered" growing wild in the Assam region of India by British Army
Major Robert Bruce
 1824 John Cadbury, a young English Quaker fresh from his apprenticeship at teahouses in Leeds, opens a
grocery store at 93 Bull Street in Birmingham. Tea and coffee are his main commodities along with a newly
imported product, cocoa. In 1831 he shifts the focus of his business to drinking chocolate and in 1849
manufactures his first chocolate bars
 1826The first packaged tea is made available for purchase in England by the Horniman Tea Company.
 1826 Dutch introduced tea cultivation in Java
 1827The first Chinese tea seeds are planted in Java by an entrepreneurial Dutchman (J.I.L.L. Jacobsen),
who smuggled both the seeds and teamen out of China. The Chinese plant did not thrive however, and
was later supplanted by the hardier Assam variety.

 1815-1831 Samples of indigenous Indian tea plants are sent to an East India Company botanist who is slowly
convinced that they are bona fide tea plants.
 1824 a tea plant was brought to Ceylon by the British from China and was planted in the Royal Botanical Gardens
in Peradeniya for non-commercial purposes.
 1826 English Quaker John Horniman introduces the first retail tea in sealed, lead-lined packages.
 1830 Congress reduces U.S. duties on coffee and tea and other imports.
 1833 By an act of the British Prime Minister Charles Grey (the second Earl Grey and the namesake of the famous
tea), the East India Company loses its monopoly in the trade with China, mostly in tea.
 1834The "Tea Committee", appointed by the Governor-General Lord William Cavendish Bentinck, reports that
tea can be successfully grown in India.Experiments with tea planting are conducted in the Darjeeling region of
India.

 1835 The East India Company starts the first tea plantations in Assam, India.
 1837 The first American consul at Canton, Major Samuel Shaw, trades cargo for tea and silk, earning investors a
great return on their capital and encouraging more Americans to trade with China.
 1837 Joseph and Edward Tetley start up their business in Yorkshire. In 1856 they move to Cullum Street, London, just yards
from the tea auction rooms.
 1838The British seriously set about planting and cultivating tea in the Assam region of India.
 1839The first chests of Assam tea arrive at the London Tea auctions. The British are ecstatic as this means that
they are now able to successfully grow their own tea.
 1837 Pic

 1839 Black Assam tea arrives in London from India in large quantities. From this point on Black tea sales increase
and Green tea sales decrease.
 1840EUROPE - Anna the 7th Duchess of Bedford invents "Afternoon Tea" to abolish the "sinking feeling" she
experienced during the long gap between breakfast and dinner.
 1840 Between 1839 and 1840, tea seed and plants were sent to the Royal Botanic Gardens in the Kandy district,
but these early arrivals were largely ignored for the more lucrative coffee craze that had seized the region
 1842CHINA - The Opium Wars end with England winning "the right" to trade opium for tea.
 1843Tea and ale vie for the place at the breakfast table in England. Brewers lobby the government to increase
taxes on tea and spread rumors of its addictive quality, out of fear that tea will become more popular than ale
 1849 Parliament ends the Britain's Navigation Acts, and U.S. clipper ships are allowed to transport China tea to
British ports.
• Tea wholesaler Henry Charles Harrod takes over a London grocery store and grows it into one of the world's
largest departmen

 1850'sEUROPE - The world's nations competed with one another in global clipper races to lay claim
to the fastest ships. The fast sailing ships would race all the way from China to England, and up the
Thames river to the Tea Exchange in London, where they would present the year's first crop of tea
to be auctioned. Steamships would replace these tall ships by 1871.
 1851Full of "tea pride" the British exhibit their own Assam-grown tea at the Great Exhibition.
 1852 ames Taylor was a British citizen who introduced commercial tea plantation in Sri Lanka (Ceylon). He
arrived to Sri Lanka in 1852 and settled down in Loolecondera estate in Kandy
 1853 r. Robert Fortune, an English Botanist who, after studying tea cultivation for 4 years in China,
brought 20,000 plants in 1853 to establish tea gardens in India.
 1854The British introduce tea to Morocco.
 1856 Tea is planted in and about Darjeeling, India.

 1859 Local New York merchant George Huntington Hartford and his employer George
P. Gilman give the A&P retail chain its start as the Great American Tea Company store.
Hartford and Gilman buy whole clipper shipments from the New York harbor and sell
the tea 1/3 cheaper than other merchants
 1862 Ladurée tea shop opened in Paris
 1863 East India Company started tea production in Nepal
 1866The Great Tea Race begins in Foochow on May 28th, and ends in Gravesend on
September 7th. The Taeping wins over the Ariel by 20 minutes.
 1867Scotsman James Taylor, manager of a coffee plantation in Ceylon, experiments
with growing tea, planting both the China and India seed. The Assam seed flourishes
and becomes the first commercial tea from Ceylon.

 1869Ceylon's coffee industry is devastated by a coffee blight. The Suez Canal opens, shortening the
trip to China and making steamships more economical.
• In a marketing effort to capitalize on the transcontinental rail link fervor, the Great American Tea
Company is renamed the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company.
• A plant fungus ruins the coffee crop in Ceylon and spreads throughout the Orient and the Pacific,
giving a hefty boost to tea drinking.
 1870Clipper ships are outdated by the development of faster steamers.
 1872 The Adulteration of Food, Drink, and Drugs Act deems the sale of adulterated drugs or other
unlabeled mixtures with foreign additives that increase weight as punishable offenses.
 1875 A new British Sale of Food and Drugs Law calls adulteration hazardous to personal health and
increases its legal consequences to a heavy fine or imprisonment.

 1876 Thomas Johnstone Lipton opens his first shop in Glasgow, using American merchandising
methods he learned working in the grocery section of a New York department store
 1878The Assam tea seed is planted in Java. It thrives over the earlier planted China variety. Tea is
planted in Malawi, and becomes the first to be cultivated in Africa
 1880Scottish grocer Thomas Lipton buys numerous tea plantations in Ceylon, and goes on to
revolutionize tea production in Ceylon.
 1882 After occupying Indochina (1882) the French immediately paid a lot of attention to growing
tea.

 1885 the French made the first survey on the tea plant in Viet Nam
 1883 Skilled workers from the Macau Region of China introduced into Portugal
 1890 Thomas Lipton buys tea estates in Ceylon, in order to sell tea at a reasonable price at his
growing chain of 300 grocery stores.
 Skilled workers from the Macau Region of China introduced into Portugal1893 Thomas J Lipton Co. is
established as a tea packing company with its headquarters and factory in Hoboken, New Jersey.
 1894The first Lyons Tea Shop opens in Lo
 ndon. Lyons became famous for the saying "tea for two", meaning a pot of tea for a two-pence.

 1895 Assam tea plants take over imported Chinese plants in India and its tea market booms.
1897 The Orchard (tea room) opened.
 1898Tea is introduced to Iran.
 1900RUSSIA - The Trans-Siberian Railroad is completed, ending camel caravan trade between
Russia and China. In Russia, tea has become the national beverage (besides Vodka). Tea is planted
in the Botanical gardens at Entebbe, Uganda. In England, teashops become the popular place for
the working class to take their afternoon tea. By this time Lyon's has over 250 teashops, and taking
tea, as meal away from home becomes a pert of daily life. The proprietor of the Aerated Bread
Company begins to serve tea in the back of her shop to her favorite customers. Her back room
becomes such a popular place to take afternoon tea, that the company decides to open an actual
teashop, the first of a chain of shops that would come to be known as the ABC teashop.

 1900 Scientific Department of Indian Tea Association (ITA) established
 1903Tea is planted in Kenya at Limuru.
 1904NORTH AMERICA - The first "iced tea" was served at the St. Louis World's Fair. A certain tea merchant had
planned to give away samples of his tea to the fair-goers, and when unable to think of anything else to do when
a heat wave threatened his plans, he dumped ice into his hot tea.
 1904 Iced tea is sold at the St Louis Worlds Fair
 1906The Book of Tea is written by Okakura Kakuzo, thus introducing the west to the Japanese Tea Ceremony and
its history.
 1908NORTH AMERICA - A New York tea merchant named Thomas Sullivan packages his samples of tea in silk
sachets, as a way to cut down on his costs. His customers, mistaking his intentions, like the convenience of
simply dunking the sachet into hot water, and begin to order their tea in this fashion. The teabag is born.

 1909 Thomas Lipton begins blending and packaging his tea in New York.
 1910 Sumatra, Indonesia becomes a cultivator and exporter of tea followed by Kenya and
parts of Africa.
 1911 Tocklai Experimental Station established, India.
 1914British workers are given tea breaks throughout the day as this is thought to improve
their productivity.British soldiers are given tea as part of their rations.
 1924 Mrs Florence Philips, a tea planter's wife smuggled a box of tea seeds out of India and
these were planed in Chipinge (Southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe): led to the development
of the tea industry in the then colony
 1930 PG tips launched

 1938 the Tea Research Institute commenced work on vegetative propagation at St. Coombs Estate in
Talawakele, and in 1940 it developed immunity to the threatening Tea Tortrix Caterpillar to protect the
crops
 1939 Tetley’s British representative, TI Tetley- Jones, goes to America and brings back the idea of the tea
bag. In 1940, the first Tetley tea bag machines, known as the grey ladies, stitch 40 tea bags a minute for
export.
 1940 Tea rationing is introduced in Britain
 1946 Nestle USA introduced the first instant tea, Nestea
 1947 Tapal foundation by Adam Ali Tapal
 1948 Lipton was launched in Pakistan in 1948 and is one of the oldest brands in the country
 1950The Japanese Grand Tea Master (Urasenke School), Sositsu Sen devotes his life to spreading the Way
of Tea around the world.1953The paper teabag is developed by the Tetley tea Company, thus transforming
tea-drinking habits around the world

 1953 To great public joy, World War Two tea rationing is finally lifted and the foundations are laid for Tetley to bring the tea bag to
the UK market for the first time.
 1954 Rooibos Tea Control Board established
 1958 The first tea experiments were initiated in the then West Pakistan (present Pakistan) in village Baffa (district Mansehra, NWFP)
under the auspices of Pakistan Tea Board in 1958
 1960 The first pump driven espresso machine is made
 1964 n. Subsequently, efforts to grow tea were reinitiated in1964 at Misriot Dam near Rawalpindi but due to unfavorable soil and
climatic conditions could not achieve the desired results . After the delinking of East Pakistan the entire requirement of tea is
imported by Pakistan . Pakistan is the 3rd largest importer of tea after England and Russia and the consumption is increasingday by
day with the increase in population.

 1971 Soon after the separation of East Pakistan in 1971, a cell of special crops was created in the Ministry of
Food and Agriculture Government of Pakistan and a project entitled "Research and Introduction of Tea in
Pakistan" was re-initiated in 1973-74.Later on, the project was handed over to Pakistan Agricultural Research
Council (PARC), Islamabad. In order to carryout
 1973 In1973 and initiated a project called “Research and Introduction of Tea inPakistan”.Asoil survey of the
prospective tea growing areas of NWFP was carried out

 1976-77 Systematic studies on tea, about V/i acres of land was planted under tea in 1976-77 at village Baffa
(District Mansehra).
 1977 Tea Ordinance 1977 established the Bangladesh Tea Board
 1982 Subsequently, in 1982, a four member team of Chinese tea experts was invited under the technical co-
operation programme, who surveyed the prospective tea growing areas of northern Pakistan in order to study
the feasibility of tea cultivation in the country. Based on their Feasibility Report.
 1980 Lu-Yu Tea Culture Institute, previously known as Lu Yu Tea Art Center founded in Taipe
 In 1980 Sri Lanka became the official supplier of tea at the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympic Games, in 1982 at the
12th Commonwealth Games in

 1982 and was followed up again in and was followed up again
 1983 Collaborative Tea Research Programme was developed under which a scientist
from PARC was sent to China in 1983 to study tea cultivation and its processing there.
Subsequently, having observed the satisfactory growth of tea plants at Daively (District
Mansehra), a contract on technical assistance for tea cultivation in Pakistan was signed
between Pakistan and China for a period of 3 years commencing from April, 1985.
 1984 Museum of tea ware founded

 1986 The National Tea Research Station was established in 1986 at Shinkiari, District
Mansehra
 1986 The Station was established in 1986 on 50 acres land at Shinkiari, District
Mansehra aimed at undertaking systematic research for evolving tea production
package and promoting tea. plantation in the prospective area
 1987.Tapal Dander introduced
 1988. The Chinese experts visited the prospective tea growing areas again in 1988 and
submitted a comprehensive report on the economic feasibility of tea cultivation in
Pakistan.

 1989 Evaluated tea quality, which ranked 2nd best in grade at the
International Tea Market, London in 1989.
 1989 by Chinese tea experts. About 60,000 ha of land was identified suitable
for tea growing in Mansehra and Swat districts base
 1990 Tapal Mezban introduced
 1990 An Elvis-inspired Gaffer celebrates the launch of the Round Bag. By 2004,
the Tetley range of teas has grown to offer fruit and herbal infusions, green
teas and speciality blends… and we’re still updating and innovating today

 1991 Hangzhou National Tea Museum opened.
 1992 Museum to commemorate James Taylor built in Ceylon
 1993 Reform process which included removal of a government subsidy on tea
consumption in May 1993.
 1995 Tetley Group created
 1996 The Station has been upgraded to the level of institute in1996

 1998 Revolution Tea is founded on the idea of bringing premium, full-leaf teas
to consumers Brooke Bond tea cards ceased production. Tea began to be
grown as a commercial crop on theTregothnan estate is in Cornwall, UK, with
the first harvest in 2005. 1999
 2000 Revolution Tea introduces the first flow-through Infuser tea bag, which
captures the flavor and aroma of loose, full-leaf tea in the convenience of a tea
bag.

20 th-21st
Century
2001 – 2015

 2001 The first black tea processing plant with the capacity of one ton made tea
per day was established at NTRI by PARC with the technical assistance of Chinese
Engineers during 2001.
 2000 Revolution Tea introduces the first flow-through Infuser tea bag, which
captures the flavor and aroma of loose, full-leaf tea in the convenience of a tea
bag

 2003 In 2003, as much as 109,000 tonnes of tea were consumed in Pakistan,
placing it as the seventh largest tea-consuming country in the world
 2003 Egypt’s apparent consumption in 2003 was 77 400 tonnes
 2003 Turkey has one of the world’s highest per capita consumption levels, at 2.11
kg per person in 2003.
 2004 World tea production reached 3.2 million tonnes in 2004

 2006 India is the country with the most tea consumption in the world - an average
of 651,000 metric tons per year. China is second, and consumes about 463,000
metric tons per year. The United States is number one consumer of iced tea, with
between 80% and 85% of our total tea consumed that
 2007 Tenfu Tea College established
 2010 Pakistan is likely to become the world's largest importer of tea by the year 2
 2011 Tapal tea introduced in Pakistan

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Tea From China to Japan , Europe to India a history report by Allah Dad Khan