Stress is something ordinary, unavoidable fact in anyone life, caused by many factors either at work, or with the family at home, or at the external environment According to Wilton it affects both the human resources and the management at the same time
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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4. WHAT IS STRESS ? Stress is the bodies reaction to any kind of internal or external demand. Stress can be both good and bad, either eustress or distress. When stressed, the body releases chemicals into the bloodstream. When these chemicals are released they can have varied effects. These chemicals can have negative and positive outcomes on a persons body. What matters is how the person deals with the added stress.
9. INTERNAL STRESS Internal Stress- Internal is the stress felt when individuals make them selves stressed. Most times internal stress is over things that the individual may not be in control of or situations that are out of their hands. In some cases people have been known to be addicted to the tense, stressed feelings, only causing to more complications in their lifestyle. They even look for stressful situations and feel stress about things that aren't stressful.
10. ENVIRONMENTAL/EXTERNAL STRESSES There are two kinds of external stresses organizational and significant life event. Organizational. -Environments, school, work, and home -Finances -Family life -Excessive noise -Overcrowding -Fatigue and over-work Significant life events. -Death of a loved one -School Graduation -Marriage -Babies -Buying a home -Medical emergencies -Job changes
12. PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS Physical symptoms occur in the body either causing harm or pain to an individual. They can vary between. -Headaches -Lowered immunity -Muscle spasms -Fatigue -Skin irritations -Breathlessness
13. MENTAL SYMPTOMS Mental symptoms occur in the mind of an individual either causing irregular behaviours. -Paranoia -Unclear thinking -Unsound Judgement -Nightmares -Indecisiveness -Negativity -Rash decisions
14. BEHAVIOURAL SYMPTOMS Behavioural are the actions of an individual under stress, these can vary from lows to extremes. -Accident Prone -Loss of Appetite -Loss of Sex drive -Drug abuse -Over or under eating -Insomnia -Restlessness
15. EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS Emotional symptoms are the direct feelings of stress. They can range between: -Loss of confidence -More Picky -Irritability -Depression -Apathy -Alienation -Apprehension
16. TYPES OF STRESSORS There many different types of stressors The most common are: -Environmental: Death of a loved one, loneliness, and racism. -Educational: illiteracy, poor academic environment, and lack of skills to be employed. -Occupational: unemployment, recent lay-offs, job changes-shifts and office space. -Housing: homelessness, unsafe neighbourhood, problems with landlords or neighbours. -Financial: poverty, problems with credit, bankruptcy. -Public care: lack of services, and lack transport. -Legal: victim of a crime, litigation, indictment, arrest, divorce and custody battles. -Other: natural disasters, war, and industrial downfalls.
17. POSITIVE STRESS Positive is called eustress. This kind of stress can have positive outcomes and fills the individual with thrill and excitement. This positive stress can help encourage an individual to complete new more challenging assignments at work and at home. Also students can find this positive stress necessary to pass tests and exams. Without this positive stress life would become dull and almost boring.
18. NEGATIVE STRESS Negative stress is also called distress. Negative comes from an overload of stressors usually over-bearing the individual to the point of breaking. Negative stress usually wears out a persons body causing fatigue and over-tiredness.This can also lead to depression, anxiety, lower self esteem and other mental health issues.
19. PERSONAL STRESS Personal stress is the way you deal with all your stressors. There are few steps to take to manage the stress you experience: -Find out what it is that is stressing you -Realize you cannot control everything -Don’t overburden yourself -Take time to relax and unwind
20. STRESS RELATED ILLNESSES Stress is not the same as ill-health, but has been related to such illnesses as; - Chronic Fatigue - Cancer - Depression - Obesity
22. COSTS OF STRESS The cost of stress is high. There are many things at a chance of loss when in high stress jobs. This can effect both the employer and the employee. They can cost in such ways as: -Lives of those who are under high stress -Loss of productivity -loss of happiness and contentment -Higher chance of a breakdown -Employee dissatisfaction.
23. LEGAL OVERVIEW HEALTH AND SAFETY IN EMPLOYMENT ACT 1992 (sect 6) Every employer shall take all practicable steps to ensure the safety of employees while at work. HEALTH AND SAFETY IN EMPLOYMENT ACT 1992 (sect 7) Every employer shall ensure that there are in place effective methods for identifying existing hazards, and (if possible before they arise) new hazards to employees at work.
25. FACTORS INFLUENCING WORK STRESS The work place is a field ground for stress and there are many factors influencing the outcome of each stressor. These are the top 10 work related stressors: 1 Uncontrollable hours, usually long and out of place. 2 Difficulty saying no to further tasks for fear of losing future work. 3 Traumatic experiences during work, which are usual to police officers, prison officers, ambulance workers and other health professionals face on an almost on a daily basis. 4 Feeling undervalued at work. 5 Lack of stimulation or Boredom. A lack of motivation can leave you doubling your self-worth and ability to cope. 6 Frustration - often experienced by people who find the path to promotion is constantly being blocked by someone else. 7 Being near the bottom of the ladder in a large hierarchical organisation where you have little control over your working day. 8 Fear of redundancy can put added pressure on a person to spend more time at work, and to take on extra responsibilities. 9 Workplace victimisation or bullying can seriously affect a person’s self-esteem. 10 Dealing with constant change in the workplace environment and the tasks you are expected to perform.
