R&B originated in the 1940s as a replacement term for "race music" which was used to describe music of black origin. It is influenced by soul and gospel music and typically features piano, drum beats, saxophone, and backing vocalists. The migration of African Americans to northern cities in the U.S. opened new markets for R&B and artists like Jimmy Witherspoon and Louis Jordna dominated the charts in the late 1940s. Hip hop originated in the 1970s in the Bronx among gangs and was pioneered by figures like DJ Kool Herc who is credited with creating breakbeats and the idea of the DJ mix by looping sections of songs. It later spread worldwide and became a

1. Task 6 Research into genres- Research into R&B
R&B is an acronym of Rhythm and Blues a genre of African American
culture originating in 1940’s. It replaced the term ‘race music’ as this
was the name given to music of black origin. It is largely influenced by
soul and gospel subgenres of music. The commercial rhythm usually
consists of piano, drum beats, saxophone due to the slight jazz in
cooperation and vocal backing singers. Repetitive motifs in an R&B song
create a mellow and lifting effect as the vocals typically followed the
music. They often sung in bands, in suits or matching
dresses.
The migration of African Americans from rural areas
to cities such as New Jersey, Los Angeles, Detroit and
Chicago opened a new market for jazz, blues
incocperated music. In the late 1940’s dominated the
charts with singles such as ‘Good Rockin Tonight’ and
‘AintNobodys Business’ by JIMMY WITHERSPOON and
LOUIS JORDNA. In the 60’s Motown records released
alot of R&B MUSIC WITH Delia Reese and Dianna
Ross. R&B came to Britian in the late 50’s and become
popular amongst white ethnicity groups creating there own interpretation of it
which went into the charts also. R&B has moved into modern styles now when
usic isn’t played live in recording studios but pre recorded or auto tuned. Radio station such as DefJay
an American based automatic ran station plays a number of R&B ‘jamz’. BBC Radio 1Xtra have also
used R&B as their base genre with their lingo: ‘BBC Radip 1Xtra, the home of R&B and HipHop’
playing modern artists such as T-Pain, Trey Songz, John Legend and Mariah Carey.
Research into HipHop
HipHop is a cultural based genre of music that originiated in the 70’s in the
gangs of the Bronx in NewYork. It was the birth of a world dominating
genre of music, including pioneers such as DJ KOOL HERC and more
commercial artists such as TUPAC SHAKUR. It is highly influenced by
Reggae, soul, gospel. Rapping, beatboxing, freestyle, and sampling is what
makes up the music, aswell as the four key subgenres: b-boying, DJing,
breakdancing and graffiti writing. The term is attributed to GRANDMASTER
FLASH AND THE FURIOUS FIVE. HipHop was a means of outreach and
freedom for the African American youths of the Bronx, an area in New York
filled with poverty, violence and a high crime rate. However, this freedom
gradually turned to violence with gangs turning against each other and the
death of BIGGIE SMALLS AND TUPAC SHAKUR. People used to rap in
underground places and freestyle to a beat in a battle, artists slowly
began to make mix tapes and sell them on the streets, in the late
70’s early 80’s they began recording the first: SUGARHILL GANG
‘Rappers Delight’. It is known to be a vulgar and aggressive form of
expression by outsiders who are not familiar, however ICE CUBE
stated: ‘those who don’t understand rap think its scary, but its real
funny if you understand it.’ Artists include BEASTIE BOYS, RUN DMC,

2. LL COOL J,DR.DRE, JAY Z, ENINEM, PUBLIC ENEMY, FAITH EVANS and ICE-T. It spread fastly to the
West Coast of America, and soon dominated worldwide, as it is now the most upcoming and well
known genre played around the world.
DJ KOOL HERC
DJ KOOL HERC or CLIVE CAMPBELL was born in Jamaica in 1955 and grew up listening to
Dancehall music after moving to the Bronx in 1967 he ‘uprooted thousands’ and ‘took flight’
by throwing parties at 1520 Sedwick Avenue where he played music which was the ‘blue
print’ for hiphop music. He created ‘the break’ idea which was taking a part of a song he
liked and leaving a couple of beats before repeating it at the start again to create # a
five=mineute loop of fury’ he inspired many including GRANDMASTERFLASH and AFRIKA
BOOMBAATAA converting his followers non-voilent and expressive.