This document discusses various printing techniques including: - Screen printing which uses a mesh to transfer ink through open areas to create an image on a substrate. - Woodcut which carves an image into the surface of a wood block to create a mirror image printing surface. - Lithography which uses the principle that oil and water do not mix to create prints from stone or metal plates. - Letterpress which uses movable type set on a press bed that is inked and pressed to paper to leave an impression.

2. Hand printing
 Etching is the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface
to create a design in intaglio in the metal (the original process—in modern manufacturing other chemicals
may be used on other types of material). As an intaglio method of printmaking, it is, along with engraving,
the most important technique for old master prints, and remains in wide use today.
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 Linocut is a printmaking technique, a variant of woodcut in which a sheet of linoleum (sometimes
mounted on a wooden block) is used for the relief surface. A design is cut into the linoleum surface with a
sharp knife, V-shaped chisel or gouge, with the raised (uncarved) areas representing a reversal (mirror
image) of the parts to show printed. The linoleum sheet is inked with a roller (called a brayer), and then
impressed onto paper or fabric. The actual printing can be done by hand or with a press.
 Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil to
receive a desired image. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink or other printable
materials which can be pressed through the mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate. A fill blade or
squeegee is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink through the mesh openings to wet the
substrate during the squeegee stroke.
 Woodcut—occasionally known as xylography—is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in
which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with
the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, typically with gouges. The areas to show 'white' are
cut away with a knife or chisel, leaving the characters or image to show in 'black' at the original surface
level. The block is cut along the grain of the wood (unlike wood engraving where the block is cut in the
end-grain).
 Lithography (from Greek λίθος, lithos, "stone" and γράφειν, graphein, "to write") is a method of printing
originally based on the principle that oil and water do not mix. Printing is from a stone (lithographic
limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by German author and actor
Alois Senefelder as a cheap method of publishing theatrical worksLithography can be used to print text or
artwork onto paper or other suitable material.

3.  Letterpress printing is a technique of relief printing using a printing press. A worker composes
and locks movable type into the bed of a press, inks it, and presses paper against it to transfer the
ink from the type which creates an impression on the paper.
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 Rotogravure (Roto or Gravure for short) is a type of intaglio printing process, which
involves engraving the image onto an image carrier. In gravure printing, the image is engraved
onto a cylinder because, like offset printing and flexography, it uses a rotary printing press. Once
a staple of newspaper photo features, the rotogravure process is still used for commercial printing
of magazines, postcards, and corrugated (cardboard) product packaging.
Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil to
receive a desired image. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink or other
printable materials which can be pressed through the mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate. A
fill blade or squeegee is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink through the mesh
openings to wet the substrate during the squeegee stroke. Basically, it is the process of using a mesh-based
stencil to apply ink onto a substrate, whether it be t-shirts, posters, stickers, vinyl, wood, or other
material.
Mechanical printing

4. Digital printing
  Photocopier A photocopier (also known as a copier or copy machine) is a machine that makes paper copies of documents and
other visual images quickly and cheaply. Most current photocopiers use a technology called xerography, a dry process that uses
electrostatic charges on a light sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and then transfer toner particles (a powder) onto paper in
the form of an image. Heat, pressure or a combination of both is then used to fuse the toner onto the paper.
 Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics by passing a
laser beam over a charged drum to define a differentially charged image. The drum then selectively collects charged toner and
transfers the image to paper, which is then heated to permanently fix the image.
 Inkjet printing is a type of computer printing that creates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper, plastic, or
other substrates. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer, and range from small inexpensive consumer models
to very large professional machines that can cost tens of thousands of dollars, or more.
 Desktop publishing (abbreviated DTP) is the creation of documents using page layout skills on a personal
computer. Desktop publishing software can generate layouts and produce typographic quality text and images
comparable to traditional typography and printing. This technology allows individuals, businesses, and other
organizations to self-publish a wide range of printed matter. Desktop publishing is also the main reference for digital
typography. When used skillfully desktop publishing allows the user to produce a wide variety of materials, from
menus to magazines and books, without the expense of commercial printing.

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