The document discusses several printmaking techniques: - In etching, a metal plate is scratched to expose areas for ink, while wax protects unused areas. It can be dangerous to use acid. - Screen printing uses a mesh screen and ink-blocking stencil to transfer sharp-edged images onto substrates using a squeegee. - Woodcut involves carving an image into a wood block at surface level, so the non-carved parts hold ink for printing. - Lithography uses oil and water properties - oil is used for the image and water for the non-image areas on stone or metal printing plates. It was invented in 1796 as a cheap publishing method.

1. The print industry

2. HAND
PRINTING

3. ETCHING!• In etching, a metal (usually copper, zinc or steel)
plate is covered with a wax which is resistant to
acid. The artist then scratches off the wax with a
pointed etching needle where they want a line to
appear in the finished piece, so exposing the bare
metal. The only disadvantage is it that it can be a
dangerous thing to use.

4. Screen print• Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an
ink-blocking stencil to receive a desired image. The attached stencil forms open
areas of mesh that transfer ink or other printable materials which can be
pressed through the mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate. A fill blade
or squeegee is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink through
the mesh openings to wet the substrate during the squeegee stroke. Basically, it
is the process of using a mesh-based stencil to apply ink onto a substrate,
whether it be t-shirts, posters, stickers, vinyl, wood, or other material.
•
• Screen printing is also a stencil method of print making in which a design is
imposed on a screen of polyester or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated
with an impermeable substance. Ink is forced into the mesh openings by the fill
blade or squeegee and onto the printing surface during the squeegee stroke. as
the screen rebounds away from the substrate the ink remains on the substrate.

5. Woodcut
• Woodcut is a technique in printmaking in which an
image is carved into the surface of a block of wood,
with the printing parts remaining level with the surface
while the non-printing parts are removed, typically
with gouges. The areas to show 'white' are cut away
with a knife or chisel, leaving the characters or image
to show in 'black' at the original surface level. The
block is cut along the grain of the wood (unlike wood
engraving where the block is cut in the end-grain). The
surface is covered with ink by rolling over the surface
with an ink-covered roller (brayer), leaving ink upon
the flat surface but not in the non-printing areas.

6. Lithography
• is a method of printing originally based
on the principle that oil and water do
not mix. Printing is from a stone
(lithographic limestone) or a metal plate
with a smooth surface. It was invented
in 1796 by German author and actor
Alois Senefelder as a cheap method of
publishing theatrical works

7. Mechanical

8. Letterpress
• Letterpress printing is a technique of
relief printing using a printing press.
A worker composes and locks
movable type into the bed of a press,
inks it, and presses paper against it to
transfer the ink from the type which
creates an impression on the paper.

9. Gravure
is a printing process, which involves engraving
a image onto an image carrier. In gravure
printing, the image is engraved onto a cylinder
because it uses a rotary printing press. The
rotogravure process is still used for commercial