Petroleum is a complex chemical compound made up of solid, liquid, and gaseous parts. It is formed from hydrocarbons like carbon and hydrogen, along with small amounts of other elements. Crude oil is a black or dark brown liquid found in sedimentary rock deposits in areas that were once underwater. Pipelines are an important method for transporting large quantities of oil over land and water due to their efficiency and ability to reduce costs compared to other transportation methods. Pipelines, tank farms where oil is stored, and oil tankers of various sizes are all critical infrastructure used to move crude oil and refined products around the world.

1. Monroy Angel
Ingles Tecnico
SAIA

2. El Petróleo
El producto es un compuesto
químico complejo en el que
coexisten partes sólidas,
líquidas y gaseosas.
Petroleum is a
complex chemical
compound in which
solid, liquid and
gaseous parts coexist.
It is formed, on the
one hand, compounds
called hydrocarbons,
formed by atoms of
carbon and hydrogen
and, on the other
hand, small
proportions of
nitrogen, sulfur,
oxygen and some
metals. It occurs
naturally in deposits of
sedimentary rock and
only in places where
there was sea.
Its color is variable,
between amber and
black, and the
etymological meaning
of the word oil is stone
oil, having the texture of
an oil and being found
in deposits of
sedimentary rock. The
crude product is an oily,
blackish-brown liquid,
density between 0.82
and 0.95 g / cm 3 and
insoluble in water. Its
calorific value oscillates
between 9000 and
11000 kcal / kg

3. The rule of
western virginia,
transported oil in
wooden barrels with a
napa. before the second
world war the barrils
were transported in
railroads.
After world war ii
they began to build the
pipeline and pipeline.
Today is extended a
large amount of
containers to pack
petroleum and its
derivatives

4. Oleystems: is the set of que sirve
facilities for pipeline transportation of
liquid, crude, or refined petroleum
products. The "oleoduct" term comprises
not only the troncal pipe that is that
extended from the area of production, but
also the requirements for the exploitation
of the raw denominated of tanks.
Gas pipes: conduct the natural gas that
can be produced from a free gas base or
associated with separator y and
fractioning plants. From those separation
processes, the gas and treaty enters
transmission systems to be dispatched to
the industrial and domestic consumer.
Polyurethes: are piping networks
intended for the transport of
hydrocarbons or finished products.
Patios of tanks: are places where the
petroleum pumped is received from the
petroleum fields, in the pass by a series
of processes in which the water and the
salt are removed that contains, is stored,
after and Pumping to the terminals and
refineries , for the purpose of refining and
/ or exporting

5. POLYURETHES: are piping
networks intended for the
transport of hydrocarbons or
finished products.
TANK PARK: are places
where petroleum is
pumped from the
petroleum fields, they pass
through a series of
processes in which the
water and salt that
contains it is removed,
stored, after and bombed
to the terminals and
refineries, for the purpose
of refining and / or
exporting

6. OPINION OF AUTHOR ON OIL PIPES
For the oil industry it is of great
importance to use pipelines as a means
of transport because it is undoubtedly
the fastest and most efficient method of
transporting large quantities of oil on
land or in water. Pipelines have
advantages such as reducing operating
costs of the system, reducing costs
because less personnel are required,
generating continuity of product supply
by eliminating intermediaries in oil
transportation, and there is a lower risk
of environmental contamination because
it is smaller The probability of transport
accidents. It is true that oil pipelines
require great investment initially to build
the network, but they are of paramount
importance to the industry because they
greatly reduce costs and in addition help
to increase the efficiency of the industry
in general.

7. PANAMAX: THE LARGEST OIL
SHIP WHICH CAN TRAVEL FOR
THE PANAMA CANAL (UP TO
70,000 DWT OR DEAD WEIGHT
TONS)
AFRAMAX: IS A SHIP
SIZE USING THE
AVERAGE FREIGHT
RATE ASSESSMENT
METHOD TO
CALCULATE THE COST
OF TRANSPORTATION.
(70,000 TO 120,000 DWT
OR DEAD WEIGHT
TONS)

8. VERY LARGE
CRUDE CARRIER
(VLCC): THIS IS THE
SIZE OF A GREAT
OIL CHARGER
(200,000 TO 325,000
DWT OR DEAD
WEIGHT TONS)
PANAMAX (60,000
TO 70,000 DWT)
VERY LARGE CRUDE
CARRIER (VLCC): THIS
IS THE SIZE OF A
GREAT OIL CHARGER
(200,000 TO 325,000
DWT OR DEAD
WEIGHT TONS)
PANAMAX (60,000 TO
70,000 DWT)

9. ARMADORES: IT IS THAT A VESSEL OR SHIPPING
COMPANY WHICH IS ENTITLED TO EQUIP, AVOID,
SUPPLY, GIVE OF CREW AND MAINTAIN IN
NAVIGABILITY STATUS A BOAT OF YOUR
PROPERTY OR UNDER YOUR POSSESSION, WITH
OBJECT OF ASSUMING YOUR MANAGEMENT
NAUTICAL AND OPERATION. THE OWNER OF A
BOAT IS NOT ARMING WHICH IS RENTING A THIRD
PARTY TO BE THE ONE WHO IS CONSTRUCTED IN
THE ARMOR OF THE SHIP (FOR EXPLOITING THE
SHIP ECONOMICALLY).