The goal of this study is to look at how Bangladeshi tanneries contaminate the environment from a social and legal standpoint, and to suggest some solutions to the problem. Though tannery industry is one of the biggest industries of Bangladesh which has a huge impact on our economy, large amount of tannery wastes dump into the rivers as well as land that have made an inhabitable situation for the living people of those areas. To go through and calculate the probable solution, the authors have studied a lot of literatures, articles, journals, online newspapers and portals, blog writings, academic sites and national and international environmental laws. They have used the qualitative research method and content analysis technique to compile all the data and analyze them properly. In consequences of the study, the authors have found that the wastes of the tannery factories of Bangladesh produce as chrome tanning is most commonly employed in underdeveloped countries due to its cost effectiveness and speed and eject tons of wastes without any purification management and the environmental security of Bangladesh is in grave danger and so, strict implementation of laws and social contributions are needed. Sakin Tanvir | Asif Mahmud | Sanjida Saif Neha "Tannery Industry and Environmental Security in Bangladesh: A Socio-Legal Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49173.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/49173/tannery-industry-and-environmental-security-in-bangladesh-a-sociolegal-analysis/sakin-tanvir
Emerging Issues and Challenges of Sustainable Development A National Level Pr...ijtsrd
This paper analyses the emerging issues and challenges of sustainable development in India by using secondary data. The growth of the population is very high which poses serious challenges for economic growth and environment sustainability. The use of modern technology, good communication facilities and creating new innovations affects the environment and lifestyle of the people. On the other hand, increasing production and consumption of goods puts a strain on the environment causing pollution and emissions of carbon dioxide in the Earths atmosphere, The issues of sustainable development is influenced by several factors like utilization of the available resources, urbanization, industrialization, climatic variability, and poor technology. Sustainable development mainly focuses to raise productivity, income, improve health, economic prosperity, and protect environment degradation. It also meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The government has initiated several programmes and policies to increase sustainability. But, the programmes and policies have failed to achieve their goals. Climate change impacts human life immensely. For instance, air pollution directly harms human health and affects environment biodiversity. Dr. Ram Gopal "Emerging Issues and Challenges of Sustainable Development: A National Level Prospective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52352.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/52352/emerging-issues-and-challenges-of-sustainable-development-a-national-level-prospective/dr-ram-gopal
The Green House Effect and Futuristic Urban Developmentijtsrd
The article portrays processes that describe the worldwide climate, explicit pointers are recommended, and that can be utilized to quantify the adjustment of the worldwide climate. It is said that urban areas and all urbanized domains negatively affect the worldwide climate. City as a wellspring of annihilation of the worldwide climate however considering the way that urbanization adds to working on the monetary productivity of the state, urban communities are the focuses of the financial, social and educational potential that give a leap forward into the improvement of the economy. The article evaluates the effect of urbanization on the worldwide climate. While projections for future environmental change are most frequently characterized worldwide, it is turning out to be progressively essential to survey what the changing environment will mean for urban communities. The dangers are not the equivalent all over. For instance, ocean level ascent will influence the gigantic zones of urbanization bunched along the worlds flowing shorelines and most fundamentally those urban areas where the land is now dying down. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "The Green House Effect and Futuristic Urban Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50523.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50523/the-green-house-effect-and-futuristic-urban-development/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
The Single use Plastic Ban An Innovative Initiative for Environmental Protectionijtsrd
Prime Minister Narendra Modi first announced that single use plastics would be banned on 15 August 2019. Subsequently, a notification for the ban was issued in August 2021, mandating the formation of task forces in states and at the Centre to oversee its pan India implementation. The Centre has banned the use of -‘single use plastic’ from July 1, 2022. The Ministry for Environment, Forest and Climate Change had issued a gazette notification last year announcing the ban, and has now defined a list of items that will be banned from next month. “The manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale and use of following single use plastic, including polystyrene and expanded polystyrene, commodities shall be prohibited with effect from the 1st July, 2022,’’ says the Ministry notification. As the name suggests, it refers to plastic items that are used once and discarded. Single use plastic has among the highest shares of plastic manufactured and used — from packaging of items, to bottles shampoo, detergents, cosmetics , polythene bags, face masks, coffee cups, cling film, trash bags, food packaging etc. The items on which the Central Pollution Control Board CPCB have announced a ban are earbuds balloon sticks candy and ice cream sticks cutlery items including plates, cups, glasses, forks, spoons, knives, trays sweet boxes invitation cards cigarette packs PVC banners measuring under 100 microns and polystyrene for decoration. Dr. Maya Agarwal "The Single use Plastic Ban: An Innovative Initiative for Environmental Protection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51918.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/51918/the-single-use-plastic-ban-an-innovative-initiative-for-environmental-protection/dr-maya-agarwal
Towards a Sustainable Future – Learning from the Relics of Our Pastijtsrd
The unbridled production and consumption patterns have led to severe impact on the environment. The forest fires, the abnormal rainfall, the flash floods, landslides, cloudbursts are the nature’s reaction to human’s uncontrolled and invasive development spree. On September 25th 2015, the United Nations UNO adopted the Sustainable Development Goals SDGs a set of goals to end Poverty, Protect the Planet, Ensure Prosperity for all. Each goal has specific targets that has to be achieved over the next 15 years. The research paper is an attempt to understand the causes of the environmental challenges and its drastic onslaught on the future of all lives on the earth. There are valuable lessons from our ancient practices which can be our saviour. The Research paper discusses some of our rich and useful practices which if adopted, will not only save resources but also make earth a better place for everyone. Prof. Aradhana Nanda "Towards a Sustainable Future – Learning from the Relics of Our Past" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61273.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/61273/towards-a-sustainable-future-–-learning-from-the-relics-of-our-past/prof-aradhana-nanda
A Study on the Effect of Climate Emergency in Urban India and with Growing Po...ijtsrd
New policy is required to tackle the problem of climate emergency in the Indian subcontinent, urban India is devasting effected by this catastrophe with its growing population and lack of natural resources which has created pressure on the environment. Unlimited use of natural resources with continues mining and logging over the years have ultimately led to climate change. The government has introduced many schemes to control the effect of climate change in India with Domestic solar assignment, Domestic assignment on supportable habitat under the Nation Action Plan. Solar panels are being installed to produce electricity, green building, use of electric cars and buses are being launched in the India urban region. Solid waste management is a major problem which needs to be looked at. Floods cyclone are at rise, droughts have resulted in many rural people migrating to the urban region for jobs, it is estimated that the population by 2050 will rise to 50 in urban India for which Urban areas need to prepared itself to challenge the collision of climate emergency and further development needs to be made taken into consideration resilient development and sustainable development with an environmental friendly approach. Dr. Sumanta Bhattacharya | Rajendra Shende | Bhavneet Kaur Sachdev "A Study on the Effect of Climate Emergency in Urban India and with Growing Population and How the Region is tackling it" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46471.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/46471/a-study-on-the-effect-of-climate-emergency-in-urban-india-and-with-growing-population-and-how-the-region-is-tackling-it/dr-sumanta-bhattacharya
Material industry in India contributes a considerable measure to the development of Indian economy and assumes a vital part in giving the work to the rustic and urban populace in India however it neglects to cultivate instruction and wellbeing as key segment of human advancement. There are distinctive risks looked by the laborers in material industry, for example, introduction to cotton dust, presentation to synthetic substances, commotion and ergonomics issues and so on. There are likewise a few variables, which are dependable to make the perils in the workplace I.e. work stressed, ill advised utilization of individual defensive hardware stretch, unfortunate workplace and poor working conditions and so on. The majority of the specialists are unskilled and dont have the foggiest idea about that what defensive measures ought to be embraced for their occupations. To keep the medical problems of specialists in ventures it is basic that the laborers know about the different word related risks in the business. It is additionally fundamental that the administration should find a way to shield specialists from potential dangerous circumstance. The wide utilization of synthetic concoctions in material generation is basic learning, while next to no has been done to unveil the possibly destructive mixes stowing away in our storage room. Ligori Aruldass. T | Arun Karthik. V. M ""Chemical Safety in Textile Industry"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23135.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23135/chemical-safety-in-textile-industry/ligori-aruldass-t
Emerging Issues and Challenges of Sustainable Development A National Level Pr...ijtsrd
This paper analyses the emerging issues and challenges of sustainable development in India by using secondary data. The growth of the population is very high which poses serious challenges for economic growth and environment sustainability. The use of modern technology, good communication facilities and creating new innovations affects the environment and lifestyle of the people. On the other hand, increasing production and consumption of goods puts a strain on the environment causing pollution and emissions of carbon dioxide in the Earths atmosphere, The issues of sustainable development is influenced by several factors like utilization of the available resources, urbanization, industrialization, climatic variability, and poor technology. Sustainable development mainly focuses to raise productivity, income, improve health, economic prosperity, and protect environment degradation. It also meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The government has initiated several programmes and policies to increase sustainability. But, the programmes and policies have failed to achieve their goals. Climate change impacts human life immensely. For instance, air pollution directly harms human health and affects environment biodiversity. Dr. Ram Gopal "Emerging Issues and Challenges of Sustainable Development: A National Level Prospective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52352.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/52352/emerging-issues-and-challenges-of-sustainable-development-a-national-level-prospective/dr-ram-gopal
The Green House Effect and Futuristic Urban Developmentijtsrd
The article portrays processes that describe the worldwide climate, explicit pointers are recommended, and that can be utilized to quantify the adjustment of the worldwide climate. It is said that urban areas and all urbanized domains negatively affect the worldwide climate. City as a wellspring of annihilation of the worldwide climate however considering the way that urbanization adds to working on the monetary productivity of the state, urban communities are the focuses of the financial, social and educational potential that give a leap forward into the improvement of the economy. The article evaluates the effect of urbanization on the worldwide climate. While projections for future environmental change are most frequently characterized worldwide, it is turning out to be progressively essential to survey what the changing environment will mean for urban communities. The dangers are not the equivalent all over. For instance, ocean level ascent will influence the gigantic zones of urbanization bunched along the worlds flowing shorelines and most fundamentally those urban areas where the land is now dying down. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "The Green House Effect and Futuristic Urban Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50523.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50523/the-green-house-effect-and-futuristic-urban-development/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
The Single use Plastic Ban An Innovative Initiative for Environmental Protectionijtsrd
Prime Minister Narendra Modi first announced that single use plastics would be banned on 15 August 2019. Subsequently, a notification for the ban was issued in August 2021, mandating the formation of task forces in states and at the Centre to oversee its pan India implementation. The Centre has banned the use of -‘single use plastic’ from July 1, 2022. The Ministry for Environment, Forest and Climate Change had issued a gazette notification last year announcing the ban, and has now defined a list of items that will be banned from next month. “The manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale and use of following single use plastic, including polystyrene and expanded polystyrene, commodities shall be prohibited with effect from the 1st July, 2022,’’ says the Ministry notification. As the name suggests, it refers to plastic items that are used once and discarded. Single use plastic has among the highest shares of plastic manufactured and used — from packaging of items, to bottles shampoo, detergents, cosmetics , polythene bags, face masks, coffee cups, cling film, trash bags, food packaging etc. The items on which the Central Pollution Control Board CPCB have announced a ban are earbuds balloon sticks candy and ice cream sticks cutlery items including plates, cups, glasses, forks, spoons, knives, trays sweet boxes invitation cards cigarette packs PVC banners measuring under 100 microns and polystyrene for decoration. Dr. Maya Agarwal "The Single use Plastic Ban: An Innovative Initiative for Environmental Protection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51918.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/51918/the-single-use-plastic-ban-an-innovative-initiative-for-environmental-protection/dr-maya-agarwal
Towards a Sustainable Future – Learning from the Relics of Our Pastijtsrd
The unbridled production and consumption patterns have led to severe impact on the environment. The forest fires, the abnormal rainfall, the flash floods, landslides, cloudbursts are the nature’s reaction to human’s uncontrolled and invasive development spree. On September 25th 2015, the United Nations UNO adopted the Sustainable Development Goals SDGs a set of goals to end Poverty, Protect the Planet, Ensure Prosperity for all. Each goal has specific targets that has to be achieved over the next 15 years. The research paper is an attempt to understand the causes of the environmental challenges and its drastic onslaught on the future of all lives on the earth. There are valuable lessons from our ancient practices which can be our saviour. The Research paper discusses some of our rich and useful practices which if adopted, will not only save resources but also make earth a better place for everyone. Prof. Aradhana Nanda "Towards a Sustainable Future – Learning from the Relics of Our Past" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61273.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/61273/towards-a-sustainable-future-–-learning-from-the-relics-of-our-past/prof-aradhana-nanda
A Study on the Effect of Climate Emergency in Urban India and with Growing Po...ijtsrd
New policy is required to tackle the problem of climate emergency in the Indian subcontinent, urban India is devasting effected by this catastrophe with its growing population and lack of natural resources which has created pressure on the environment. Unlimited use of natural resources with continues mining and logging over the years have ultimately led to climate change. The government has introduced many schemes to control the effect of climate change in India with Domestic solar assignment, Domestic assignment on supportable habitat under the Nation Action Plan. Solar panels are being installed to produce electricity, green building, use of electric cars and buses are being launched in the India urban region. Solid waste management is a major problem which needs to be looked at. Floods cyclone are at rise, droughts have resulted in many rural people migrating to the urban region for jobs, it is estimated that the population by 2050 will rise to 50 in urban India for which Urban areas need to prepared itself to challenge the collision of climate emergency and further development needs to be made taken into consideration resilient development and sustainable development with an environmental friendly approach. Dr. Sumanta Bhattacharya | Rajendra Shende | Bhavneet Kaur Sachdev "A Study on the Effect of Climate Emergency in Urban India and with Growing Population and How the Region is tackling it" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46471.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/46471/a-study-on-the-effect-of-climate-emergency-in-urban-india-and-with-growing-population-and-how-the-region-is-tackling-it/dr-sumanta-bhattacharya
Material industry in India contributes a considerable measure to the development of Indian economy and assumes a vital part in giving the work to the rustic and urban populace in India however it neglects to cultivate instruction and wellbeing as key segment of human advancement. There are distinctive risks looked by the laborers in material industry, for example, introduction to cotton dust, presentation to synthetic substances, commotion and ergonomics issues and so on. There are likewise a few variables, which are dependable to make the perils in the workplace I.e. work stressed, ill advised utilization of individual defensive hardware stretch, unfortunate workplace and poor working conditions and so on. The majority of the specialists are unskilled and dont have the foggiest idea about that what defensive measures ought to be embraced for their occupations. To keep the medical problems of specialists in ventures it is basic that the laborers know about the different word related risks in the business. It is additionally fundamental that the administration should find a way to shield specialists from potential dangerous circumstance. The wide utilization of synthetic concoctions in material generation is basic learning, while next to no has been done to unveil the possibly destructive mixes stowing away in our storage room. Ligori Aruldass. T | Arun Karthik. V. M ""Chemical Safety in Textile Industry"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23135.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23135/chemical-safety-in-textile-industry/ligori-aruldass-t
Need of sustainable development and related issues pertaining to process indu...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
For more than three decades, Green Chemistry has provided a framework for chemists and chemical engineers to do their part in contributing to the broad scope of global sustainability. American Chemical Society journals are a great venue for these scientists to share their latest results and provide a resource to the chemistry community and beyond for understanding current problems and envisioning solutions. Sustainability in organic chemistry, especially in organic synthesis, has been driving innovation for decades. With the amount of waste generated in many synthetic chemistry routes, especially at scale in manufacturing, we are faced with not only an ethical imperative to develop more sustainable chemical processes and products but also a financial imperative. Metrics to gauge our progress, including process mass intensity PMI , have been developed that allow all aspects of a process to be compared. For example, conducting a reaction in water may not necessarily be an improvement if several volumes of an organic solvent are needed to extract purify the product. One could even argue that water can be problematic because its high boiling point makes recycling energy intensive, but we do not know these details without consciously thinking about them. A recent perspective highlights the need to explicitly include the assessment of sustainability using Green Chemistry metrics. Dr. Mahesh Singh Khirwar "Green Chemistry for a Sustainable Future" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50676.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/50676/green-chemistry-for-a-sustainable-future/dr-mahesh-singh-khirwar
India's leading engineering manufacturing monthly Industrial Business MART now available online #manufacturing #engineering #india #greenmanufacturing #mart
Green Revolution in Ready Made Garments in Bangladesh: An Analytical StudyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Bangladesh, a small south Asian country, holds the second position in the world of exporting readymade garments (RMG). Here locate the highest number of green RMG factories in the world. Green industrialization is the positive symbol of sustainable development. This paper represents an impressive illustration of the scenario of RMG industries in Bangladesh especially the growth, contribution to export and the success of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) recognized Platinum, Gold and Silver factories. This paper also represents the success of green revolution in RMG industries in Bangladesh and recommends some suggestions to convert the traditional industries to green industries where the industries are not only for making profit but also committed to provide good working environment for employee, eco-friendly and ethical business practice.
Green Revolution in Ready Made Garments in Bangladesh: An Analytical StudyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Bangladesh, a small south Asian country, holds the second position in the world of exporting readymade garments (RMG). Here locate the highest number of green RMG factories in the world. Green industrialization is the positive symbol of sustainable development. This paper represents an impressive illustration of the scenario of RMG industries in Bangladesh especially the growth, contribution to export and the success of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) recognized Platinum, Gold and Silver factories. This paper also represents the success of green revolution in RMG industries in Bangladesh and recommends some suggestions to convert the traditional industries to green industries where the industries are not only for making profit but also committed to provide good working environment for employee, eco-friendly and ethical business practice.
the presentation is all about the management of an alarming topic plastic waste management its situation in globe and the the current business running. the amendment's and rules should be followed nor it would be an big issue if not been attention
Detailed Comparative Case Study on Environmentally Sustainable BuildingYogeshIJTSRD
The world over, evidence is growing that green buildings bring multiple benefits. They provide some of the most effective means to achieving a range of global goals, such as addressing climate change, creating sustainable and thriving communities, and driving economic growth. The benefits of green buildings can be grouped within three categories environmental, economic and social. In this paper we concluded that the 1. Green building is an eco friendly and most importantly favorable to environment that more people need to adopt. 2. Global warming and energy crises cannot be solved in one or two years. 3. Green technology will definitely be the solution that gets the potential in helping is to solve those problems and improve our environment. 4. Building energy consumption has accounted for about 45 of final energy of society. If the building can reduce energy consumption by 50 during the process of using, then it can make a contribution that can reduce 14 of final energy of whole society. Akash S. Sonare | Pallavi B. Ghagare | Akshay S. Kachawe | Damini W. Ramteke | Suraj M. Sahu | Divya Madavi "Detailed Comparative Case Study on Environmentally Sustainable Building" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43732.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/43732/detailed-comparative-case-study-on-environmentally-sustainable-building/akash-s-sonare
Local Technical Technical Agro-climatic Agro-climatic Committee (LTAC) Commit...Soksophors yim
This publication was prepared as an output for DeRISK SE Asia and is aligned with the
new CGIAR initiative on Asia Mega Deltas. It has not been peer reviewed. Any opinions
stated herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies or
opinions of DeRISK SE Asia and donor agencies.
This publication is under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0
IGO).
This manual is based on the lessons learned from piloting LTACs in the two provinces
and is intended for the relevant departments and ministries, such as PDAFF, NGOs,
private sector, management committees of agricultural cooperatives, and other
stakeholders, as a practical guide in coordinating and implementing LTACs in the
country.
To provide guidance on the implementation of the LTAC approach in the context of
Cambodia through specific steps and tools.
This manual is the guide for implementing the LTAC, in which extension workers and
relevant development practitioners can produce locally specific agroclimatic bulletins
with seasonal climate information and agro-advisories to mitigate climatic risks.
Towards a Comprehensive Climate Adaptation Framework for India’s Port Infrast...IEREK Press
The ever-growing impacts of climate change such as extreme heat, more frequent heavy precipitation events, intensifying tropical revolving storms, and sea level rise continue to pose major threats to India’s critical maritime infrastructure. As the country moves towards its ambition of becoming a leading Blue Economy of the world, a wide range of initiatives have been taken by the central and state governments to expand the maritime sector with a specific focus on the transport sector. However, there is little emphasis being paid on protecting the existing and planned seaport infrastructure against the deleterious impacts of climate change. None of the major ports in India have a dedicated climate action strategy and climate adaptation finds no mention in the policy documents pertaining to the maritime transport sector. In this context, this paper aims to highlight the need for a comprehensive, holistic and dynamic climate change adaptation strategy for India’s port infrastructure including support infrastructure and supply chains. The adaptation strategy, at the individual ports’ level and the national level, must be preceded by rigorous risk assessment studies toidentify and prioritise the major challenges arising from climate change at the local level. The paper draws upon international best practices in climate risk assessments and adaptation measures to provide a way forward for Indian ports.
Preserving the Environment through Knowledge Managementinventionjournals
The environment quality is of high importance in all countries. One of the important achievements of rationalizing bioenvironmental issues is identifying works with harmful consequences in the future. Many thinkers believe that if man could learn constructive knowledge in steady development and attempt to practice them, he has made the biggest discovery and invention in the world. This is impossible except through appropriate knowledge management. Since each measure is concerned with a social or economic purpose, it inevitably affects the environment. Therefore, deciding regarding such issues requires having appropriate information and knowledge and timely transference in order to prevent the incidence of irreparable damage to the environment. Such damage and its consequences can not only affect the intended society, but also harm other societies, which can be irreparable. Here, the importance and role of knowledge management in making such decisions are manifested. In this paper, the importance of knowledge management in preserving the environment is analyzed while presenting a model, the point less considered in the previous studies, but can be of highest importance.
Preserving the Environment through Knowledge Managementinventionjournals
The environment quality is of high importance in all countries. One of the important achievements of rationalizing bioenvironmental issues is identifying works with harmful consequences in the future. Many thinkers believe that if man could learn constructive knowledge in steady development and attempt to practice them, he has made the biggest discovery and invention in the world. This is impossible except through appropriate knowledge management. Since each measure is concerned with a social or economic purpose, it inevitably affects the environment. Therefore, deciding regarding such issues requires having appropriate information and knowledge and timely transference in order to prevent the incidence of irreparable damage to the environment. Such damage and its consequences can not only affect the intended society, but also harm other societies, which can be irreparable. Here, the importance and role of knowledge management in making such decisions are manifested. In this paper, the importance of knowledge management in preserving the environment is analyzed while presenting a model, the point less considered in the previous studies, but can be of highest importance
Deep Sea Mining and the Circular Economy Opportunities and Challengesijtsrd
Deep Sea mining has the potential to play a significant role in the circular economy, which aims to minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency by reusing and recycling materials. By extracting valuable minerals from the ocean, deep sea mining can reduce the reliance on non renewable resources and support the development of a more sustainable and circular economy. Also, there are significant challenges associated with integrating deep sea mining into the circular economy. For example, the recovery of minerals from the ocean floor can generate significant amounts of waste and create new environmental risks. Additionally, there may be concerns about the social and economic impacts of deep sea mining on coastal communities, particularly those that depend on traditional fishing or tourism activities. The bottom of the ocean bed is rich in cobalt rich crusts, polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulfides, and rare earth rich sediments. There are wide deep sea reserves of Ni, Co, Mn, etc. To maximize the opportunities and minimize the challenges associated with deep sea mining and the circular economy, it is important to develop robust regulatory frameworks that prioritize sustainability and social responsibility. This may include measures such as environmental impact assessments, community engagement and consultation, and the establishment of protected areas to preserve vulnerable ocean ecosystems. This paper discusses the various aspects of deep sea mining skillfully. Manish Verma "Deep Sea Mining and the Circular Economy: Opportunities and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56278.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/56278/deep-sea-mining-and-the-circular-economy-opportunities-and-challenges/manish-verma
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
For more than three decades, Green Chemistry has provided a framework for chemists and chemical engineers to do their part in contributing to the broad scope of global sustainability. American Chemical Society journals are a great venue for these scientists to share their latest results and provide a resource to the chemistry community and beyond for understanding current problems and envisioning solutions. Sustainability in organic chemistry, especially in organic synthesis, has been driving innovation for decades. With the amount of waste generated in many synthetic chemistry routes, especially at scale in manufacturing, we are faced with not only an ethical imperative to develop more sustainable chemical processes and products but also a financial imperative. Metrics to gauge our progress, including process mass intensity PMI , have been developed that allow all aspects of a process to be compared. For example, conducting a reaction in water may not necessarily be an improvement if several volumes of an organic solvent are needed to extract purify the product. One could even argue that water can be problematic because its high boiling point makes recycling energy intensive, but we do not know these details without consciously thinking about them. A recent perspective highlights the need to explicitly include the assessment of sustainability using Green Chemistry metrics. Dr. Mahesh Singh Khirwar "Green Chemistry for a Sustainable Future" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50676.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/50676/green-chemistry-for-a-sustainable-future/dr-mahesh-singh-khirwar
India's leading engineering manufacturing monthly Industrial Business MART now available online #manufacturing #engineering #india #greenmanufacturing #mart
Green Revolution in Ready Made Garments in Bangladesh: An Analytical StudyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Bangladesh, a small south Asian country, holds the second position in the world of exporting readymade garments (RMG). Here locate the highest number of green RMG factories in the world. Green industrialization is the positive symbol of sustainable development. This paper represents an impressive illustration of the scenario of RMG industries in Bangladesh especially the growth, contribution to export and the success of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) recognized Platinum, Gold and Silver factories. This paper also represents the success of green revolution in RMG industries in Bangladesh and recommends some suggestions to convert the traditional industries to green industries where the industries are not only for making profit but also committed to provide good working environment for employee, eco-friendly and ethical business practice.
Green Revolution in Ready Made Garments in Bangladesh: An Analytical StudyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Bangladesh, a small south Asian country, holds the second position in the world of exporting readymade garments (RMG). Here locate the highest number of green RMG factories in the world. Green industrialization is the positive symbol of sustainable development. This paper represents an impressive illustration of the scenario of RMG industries in Bangladesh especially the growth, contribution to export and the success of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) recognized Platinum, Gold and Silver factories. This paper also represents the success of green revolution in RMG industries in Bangladesh and recommends some suggestions to convert the traditional industries to green industries where the industries are not only for making profit but also committed to provide good working environment for employee, eco-friendly and ethical business practice.
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Detailed Comparative Case Study on Environmentally Sustainable BuildingYogeshIJTSRD
The world over, evidence is growing that green buildings bring multiple benefits. They provide some of the most effective means to achieving a range of global goals, such as addressing climate change, creating sustainable and thriving communities, and driving economic growth. The benefits of green buildings can be grouped within three categories environmental, economic and social. In this paper we concluded that the 1. Green building is an eco friendly and most importantly favorable to environment that more people need to adopt. 2. Global warming and energy crises cannot be solved in one or two years. 3. Green technology will definitely be the solution that gets the potential in helping is to solve those problems and improve our environment. 4. Building energy consumption has accounted for about 45 of final energy of society. If the building can reduce energy consumption by 50 during the process of using, then it can make a contribution that can reduce 14 of final energy of whole society. Akash S. Sonare | Pallavi B. Ghagare | Akshay S. Kachawe | Damini W. Ramteke | Suraj M. Sahu | Divya Madavi "Detailed Comparative Case Study on Environmentally Sustainable Building" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43732.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/43732/detailed-comparative-case-study-on-environmentally-sustainable-building/akash-s-sonare
Local Technical Technical Agro-climatic Agro-climatic Committee (LTAC) Commit...Soksophors yim
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This publication is under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0
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Towards a Comprehensive Climate Adaptation Framework for India’s Port Infrast...IEREK Press
The ever-growing impacts of climate change such as extreme heat, more frequent heavy precipitation events, intensifying tropical revolving storms, and sea level rise continue to pose major threats to India’s critical maritime infrastructure. As the country moves towards its ambition of becoming a leading Blue Economy of the world, a wide range of initiatives have been taken by the central and state governments to expand the maritime sector with a specific focus on the transport sector. However, there is little emphasis being paid on protecting the existing and planned seaport infrastructure against the deleterious impacts of climate change. None of the major ports in India have a dedicated climate action strategy and climate adaptation finds no mention in the policy documents pertaining to the maritime transport sector. In this context, this paper aims to highlight the need for a comprehensive, holistic and dynamic climate change adaptation strategy for India’s port infrastructure including support infrastructure and supply chains. The adaptation strategy, at the individual ports’ level and the national level, must be preceded by rigorous risk assessment studies toidentify and prioritise the major challenges arising from climate change at the local level. The paper draws upon international best practices in climate risk assessments and adaptation measures to provide a way forward for Indian ports.
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Preserving the Environment through Knowledge Managementinventionjournals
The environment quality is of high importance in all countries. One of the important achievements of rationalizing bioenvironmental issues is identifying works with harmful consequences in the future. Many thinkers believe that if man could learn constructive knowledge in steady development and attempt to practice them, he has made the biggest discovery and invention in the world. This is impossible except through appropriate knowledge management. Since each measure is concerned with a social or economic purpose, it inevitably affects the environment. Therefore, deciding regarding such issues requires having appropriate information and knowledge and timely transference in order to prevent the incidence of irreparable damage to the environment. Such damage and its consequences can not only affect the intended society, but also harm other societies, which can be irreparable. Here, the importance and role of knowledge management in making such decisions are manifested. In this paper, the importance of knowledge management in preserving the environment is analyzed while presenting a model, the point less considered in the previous studies, but can be of highest importance
Deep Sea Mining and the Circular Economy Opportunities and Challengesijtsrd
Deep Sea mining has the potential to play a significant role in the circular economy, which aims to minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency by reusing and recycling materials. By extracting valuable minerals from the ocean, deep sea mining can reduce the reliance on non renewable resources and support the development of a more sustainable and circular economy. Also, there are significant challenges associated with integrating deep sea mining into the circular economy. For example, the recovery of minerals from the ocean floor can generate significant amounts of waste and create new environmental risks. Additionally, there may be concerns about the social and economic impacts of deep sea mining on coastal communities, particularly those that depend on traditional fishing or tourism activities. The bottom of the ocean bed is rich in cobalt rich crusts, polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulfides, and rare earth rich sediments. There are wide deep sea reserves of Ni, Co, Mn, etc. To maximize the opportunities and minimize the challenges associated with deep sea mining and the circular economy, it is important to develop robust regulatory frameworks that prioritize sustainability and social responsibility. This may include measures such as environmental impact assessments, community engagement and consultation, and the establishment of protected areas to preserve vulnerable ocean ecosystems. This paper discusses the various aspects of deep sea mining skillfully. Manish Verma "Deep Sea Mining and the Circular Economy: Opportunities and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56278.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/56278/deep-sea-mining-and-the-circular-economy-opportunities-and-challenges/manish-verma
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‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD49173 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2022 Page 194
enormous human resources, rich agricultural soils,
industries, and abundant water resources.7
Agriculture
accounts for 13.1 percent of GDP and 28.5 percent of
GDP are represented by industry and employ 20.5
percent of the total workforce. Among the industries,
the tannery industry is a major industry and one of the
export units for earning currency. The first tannery in
what is now Bangladesh was set up sometime in the
1940s at Narayanganj by a businessman R.P. Shaha.8
The tannery was later relocated to Dhaka's
Hazaribagh district. There were 30 tanneries in Dhaka
in 1965. The 30 tanneries were purchased by the
Bangladesh government after the independence of
Bangladesh. There was a major change in the sector
in the 1970s. Since 2019, around 155 tanneries were
moved to the 200 acre Tannery Industrial Estate in
Savar (selected in 1994 for shifting) in efforts to save
the Buriganga River which has been polluted due to
industrial waste dumping from manufacturers.9
On
the other hand, Bangladesh is recognized to be one of
the countries which is most vulnerable to climate
change.10
Natural calamities, such as floods, tropical
cyclones, tornadoes, and tidal bores occur almost
every year.11
That is why the authors were concerned
about the impact of tannery wastes on environmental
security of Bangladesh.
In 1994 the Government Commission on
Environmental Security adopted a declaration stating,
“Environmental security12
is the protection of the
natural environment and vital interests of citizens,
society, the state from internal and external impacts,
adverse processes and trends in development that
PDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2018&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&sc
c=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1.
7
2021. https://import-
export.societegenerale.fr/en/country/bangladesh/market-
sectors?.
8
"Assaignment-Partb.Docx - Part B 1 Discuss The
Importance Of Tannery Industry In The Economy Of
Bangladesh Set Up Of Tannery Industry In Bangladesh |
Course Hero". 2021. Coursehero.Com.
https://www.coursehero.com/file/70224418/assaignment-
partbdocx/
9
"Bangladesh Leather Industry – From HazaribaghToSavar
- Lightcastle Partners". 2019. Lightcastle Partners.
https://www.lightcastlebd.com/insights/2019/05/27/bangla
desh-leather-industry-from-hazaribagh-to-savar
10
"Report: Flooded Future: Global Vulnerability To Sea
Level Rise Worse Than Previously Understood".
2019. Climatecentral.Org.
https://www.climatecentral.org/news/report-flooded-
future-global-vulnerability-to-sea-level-rise-worse-than-
previously-understood
11
Alexander, David. 1993. Natural Disasters. Dordrecht:
Kluwer Academic Publishers.
12
Hough, Peter. 2014. Environmental Security.
threaten human health, biodiversity and sustainable
functioning of ecosystems, and survival of
humankind13
” Also Climate change refers to
significant changes in global temperature,
precipitation, wind patterns and other measures of
climate that occur over several decades or longer14
and Global warming refers to climate change, which
causes lower air temperatures to rise on average.
Global warming may have several different factors,
but human activity, specifically the release of
excessive quantities of greenhouse gases, is most
frequently associated with it.15
Moreover, pollution is
the introduction of harmful materials into the
environment16
for which global warming is at its
pace. There are negative impacts on some elements
such as ecosystems, food security, coastal areas,
industries, human health, water resources etc. for
pollution and global warming. For all of these, our
environmental security is being breached everyday at
a harmful rate. That is why the authors were
concerned about the impact of tannery industries on
the environmental security of Bangladesh.
2. Objective of the Study:
As the authors decided to analyze and scrutinize the
impact of tannery industries and tannery wastes on
the environmental security of Bangladesh, the main
objectives of this study were:
1. To describe the present scenario from sociological
and legal perspective of the tannery industry of
Bangladesh.
2. To analyze the waste management systems of the
tanneries of Bangladesh.
3. To identify the how and which elements of the
environment are being polluted.
13
Ezez. 1994. . Google.com.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&sou
rce=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwi2z4ia6
YruAhVHwzgGHQx1CioQFjAOegQIChAC&url=https%
3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.
1080%2F09557570802452920&usg=AOvVaw1ybxXPdze
RA9sqhcY7u5ox.
14
Science and Climate. 2021. Climate Change Terms and
Definitions - Science and Climate. [online] Available at:
<https://climatechange.ucdavis.edu/science/climate-
change-definitions/> [Accessed 23 August 2021].
15
Web.mit.edu.2021. Global Warming - Definition.
[online] Available at:
<http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2010/finalwebsite/bac
kground/globalwarming/definition.html> [Accessed 23
August 2021].
16
Society, N., 2021. pollution. [online] National
Geographic Society. Available at:
<https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/polluti
on/> [Accessed 23 August 2021].
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD49173 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2022 Page 195
4. To analyze the national and international
environmental laws and which provisions are
being violated.
5. To recommend some solutions for the tannery
industry to ensure the environmental security of
Bangladesh.
3. Literature Review:
The entire tannery industrial activity comprises a
number of actions that are hazardous to the
environment due to large contribution of chromium
pollution. Despite having two types of tanning
methods which are vegetable tanning uses tannin (a
class of polyphenol astringent chemical), present
naturally in the bark and leaves of many plants and
chrome tanning usually uses chromium in the form of
basic chromium sulfate, more than 90% of global
leather production of 18 billion sq. ft. is through
chrome-tanning process (Sundar et al. 2002). Several
chemical chemicals are employed in the soaking,
tanning, and post-tanning processes of hides and
skins, according to ImamulHuq (1998). The most
chemicals used embrace metallic element sulphite and
basic metal sulfate together with non-ionic wetting
agents, bactericides, soda ash, CaO, ammonia sulfide,
sal ammoniac and enzymes. Others are metallic
element bisulphate, metal mineral, NaCl, H2SO4,
acid, metal formate, baking soda, vegetable tannins,
syntans, resins, polymer, dyes, fat emulsions,
pigments, binders, waxes, lacquers and methanol.
Numerous forms of processes and finishing solvents
and auxiliaries are used, still (Huq, 1998) concerning
forty significant metals and acids are used for process
raw hides (UNIDO, 2005).
It's been reportable that solely concerning two
hundredth of the massive range of chemicals
employed in the tanning method is absorbed by
animal skin, the remainder is free as waste (Mohanta
et al. 2010). Hazaribag, a major working area in the
Asian country, consists of more than 200 tanning
factories, typically producing approximately 7.7
million liters of liquid waste and 88 million solid
waste. The direct discharge of those wastes has
contaminated the bottom and surface water with
perilously high concentrations of metal, additionally
as atomic number 48, arsenic, and lead (Bhuiyan, et
al. 2010). Current estimates indicate that these
tanning plants process more than 60,000 tons of
rawhide and rind annually, and about 95,000 liters of
untreated wastewater are discharged outdoors daily,
creating a vibrant River Buriganga (Rusal et al.
2006).On October 07, 2020, the DoE team visited a
leather tanning factory, found contamination of all
surface drainage channels and fined them. The
BSCIC said that they might not manage pollution as
tanners discharging unwanted wastes to the treatment
plants for his or her lack of technical instrumentality
whereas tanners goddam the BSCIC for not
operational the central effluent treatment plant
properly to avoid wasting value (NewAge
Bangladesh, 2021).
As specified by WHO, more than 8,000 workers in
the Hazaribag tanning factory suffer from
gastrointestinal, dermatological, and alternative
diseases, and ninetieth of this population die before
the age of fifty (Maurice, 2001). Unprocessed tannery
effluents are released into water sources (Favazzi,
2002; Verheijen et al., 1996) which is the major
source of pollution of Buriganga. The sewer water
generated is characterized by a high chemical Oxygen
demand (COD), biological Oxygen demand (BOD),
Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids
(TSS), metal (III) and phenolic with high pH scale,
strong odor and dark brown color (Durai and
Rajasimmam 2011; Suganthi et al. 2013; Dixit et al.
2015). other than high organic content, work
wastewater (TWW) jointly contains varied nutrients
like gas and phosphorus which is able to cause
eutrophication of water bodies (Rai et al. 2005; Durai
and ruleasimmam 2011; Raj et al. 2014). in addition,
the dark brown color of effluent hinders the method
by obstruction the daylight penetration and it's
therefore hurtful to aquatic life (Aravindhan et al.
2004; Rai et al. 2005; Kongjao et al. 2008;
Mwinyihija 2010; Durai and Rajasimmam, 2011).
The high concentration and low biodegradability of
pollutants gift in TWW could be a major reason for
serious environmental concern (Di Iaconi et al. 2002;
Schrank et al. 2009). So, proper treatment of TWW is
required prior to its final disposal in the environment.
The CEPT technology removes nearly all chromium
(98.7–99.8%) and provides an effluent that has no
effect on the receiving water bodies (Haydar and
Aziz, 2007). Besides, Yoganand and Umapathy (in
press) have applied an inexperienced methodology for
the recovery of metal (VI) from TWW exploitation
recently synthesized quaternary ammonia salt and
reported 99 creative activity of metal (VI) from
TWW. Many microorganisms have developed
detoxification and respiration mechanism exploitation
serious metals and therefore become proof against it
(Ezaka and Anyanwa, 2011). In addition, the AOPs
(Advanced Oxidation Processes) are used to treat the
secondary treated wastewater and therefore known as
tertiary treatment (Audenaert et al. 2011). Moreover,
several processes like Aerobic Treatment (Insel et al.
2009), Anaerobic Treatment (Durai and Rajasimmam
2011; Mannucci et al. 2014), Physico-Chemical
Treatment Approaches, Emerging Treatment
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD49173 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2022 Page 196
Approaches (G. Saxena et al. 2016.) are used to
reduce toxicity.
It is clear from this extensive study of the research
that chromium is extremely harmful to human health,
wildlife, and the environment (soil, water, sediments
plants and etc.). There are a variety of ways to
remove chromium from tannery effluent, and some
treatment methods removed nearly all of the
chromium from the wasted liquor. Typically, these
technologies are complex, costly, and energy-
intensive.
4. Methodology:
This paper relies on qualitative data to understand the
rationality for the tannery industry, their waste
management systems, current situation of how those
tanneries are polluting the environment as well as
violating the laws in Bangladesh. Through content
analysis, secondary sources have been used to support
the literature and develop a more objective
understanding of the phenomenon of environmental
security in a country context as well. Secondary data
analysis primarily included newspapers, journals,
articles, books, internet publications, online journal
and articles, online opinionated write-ups like blogs,
national and international provisions and online
archives of governmental and non-governmental
organizations. To establish the standpoint and find
some recommendations, the authors went through the
facts and circumstances of the impact of tannery
industry on the environmental securityof Bangladesh.
That is why they used content analysis technique and
snowball sampling process to search and got the
answer.
In the matter of ethical issue, the authors collected
their necessary data from news reports, articles,
publications and legal acts. They also referred the
information and their sources correctly as well as
according their format and so the ethical issues of the
qualitative method were fulfilled.
5. Recognizing the Current Situation of the
Tannery Industry of Bangladesh:
Though tannery business started from 1940s, this
industry has now developed and become one of the
most valuable sector for national economy. Tanning
is known as a chemical treatment of raw skins and
hides of animals to produce leather. It requires a
process that permanently changes the protein
formation of skin, making it more resistant and less
susceptible to decomposition. The method of tanning
involves 5 distinct stages: Pre-Tanning, Tanning,
Selecting, Dressing and Finishing. Each one of these
processes is complicated and requires many steps.17
Details are given below:
5.1. Stage 1: Pre-Tanning
Trimming: Cutting, selecting and dividing the hide.
Curing: Removes water from the hides and skins
using a difference in osmotic pressure.18
Soaking: Washing in water around 12-24 hrs. To
remove impurities and folds from the hides.
Liming: Hair and stratum are removed and an answer
of lime (calcium hydroxide) and metal chemical
compound is applied to melt and enhance the hide for
softness and suppleness required for upholstery
animal skin.19
Dehairing: uses lime, Sodium sulphide, Sodium
sulfite (Na₂SO₃), Calcium hydrosulfide,
Dimethylamine (CH₃)₂NH to remove hair follicles.
Deliming: Removal of alkali from the pelt and the
consequent deswelling of the fibers using Ammonium
chloride or Ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄.
Bating: Enzymatic digestion-the process of bating-
achieves additional removal of protein content
loosened by liming. Sterile enzymes based (origins:
pepsin and trypsin in dog dung and fowl droppings
were used once upon a time; causing a soft smooth
and silky grain).20
Pickling: Pickling increases the acidity of the hide to
a pH of 3, enabling chromium tannins to enter the
hide more receptive to tanning. Salts are added to
prevent the fibers from swelling. For preservation
purposes, fungicides and bactericides are used.21
5.2. Stage 2: Tanning
This is the method that turns leather into pre-tanned
hide. Typically, mineral tanning is achieved with
alkaline chrome-3 salts. It penetrates the hide very
rapidly (24-48 hours).
5.3. Stage 3: Selecting
17
info@ae3studios.com, AE3. 2021. "The Tanning
Process". Keleen Leathers.
https://www.keleenleathers.com/the-tanning-process/.
18
"Leather Tanning Process - Global Leather".
2021. Global Leather. https://globalleathers.com/leather-
tanning-process/.
19
En.kimyasal.boun.edu.tr.2021. deliming and bating.
[online] Available at:
<http://en.kimyasal.boun.edu.tr/webpages/courses/leathert
echnology/deri16.htm> [Accessed 23 August 2021].
20
ibid
21
"Pickling - Www.Leather-Dictionary.Com - The Leather
Dictionary". 2021. Leather-Dictionary.Com.
https://www.leather-dictionary.com/index.php/Pickling.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD49173 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2022 Page 197
Excess water from the hide is removed after tanning.
Hides are then categorized according to the volume
and position of natural characteristics and defects.
5.4. Stage 4: Dressing
Dressing the hides involves the following:
Shaving: Hides are given a uniform thickness.
Dyeing: Dyes are added to color leather.
Re-tanning: To change the physical characteristics of
the leather to suit its final application, additional
tanning substances are often applied.
Setting: A process which removes creases and excess
water mechanically.
Drying: Spread hides are dried on large frames or
vacuum-dried.
Trimming: Removing the rough and ragged edges.
5.5. Stage 5: Finishing
A variety of surface coating techniques such as
padding, spraying or roller coating are used in the
finishing process. Then there are mechanical
processes such as buffing, staking and
embossing.22
After the war of liberation in 1971, the
Bengalis, one after the other, set up about two
hundred tanneries in Hazaribag. Domestic demand for
leather footwear and goods was around 160 billion
BDT, according to the Leather Goods and Footwear
Manufacturers' and Exporters' Association of
Bangladesh (LFMEAB), but 40 percent of the
demands were met by imports of goods from abroad.
The leather industry, the second largest export-
earning industry in the world, is experiencing an
ongoing decrease in export earnings.23
In the five
months of fiscal year 2018-19, export earnings from
leather and leather goods decreased by 16.11 percent
to US$434 million, which was US$518 million in the
same timeframe last year, according to data from the
Export Promotion Bureau (EPB). According to EPB
numbers, exports of leather, leather goods and
footwear were USD 1.08 billion in fiscal 2017-18.
Bangladesh exported $1.23 billion worth of leather
and leather products in 2016-17, compared with $1.16
billion in the previous fiscal year.24
Over the five
months of the current fiscal year, export income from
leather & leather goods decreased by 16.11 percent. It
22
info@ae3studios.com, AE3. 2021. "The Tanning
Process". Keleen Leathers.
https://www.keleenleathers.com/the-tanning-process/
23
Akter, Akhi&Mahfuz, Mir. 2018. "An overview of
Bangladesh leather industry". Textile News, Apparel
News, RMG News, Fashion Trends.
https://www.textiletoday.com.bd/overview-bangladesh-
leather-industry/.
24
ibid
shows, therefore, that the sector is not experiencing
strong and remarkable growth.
The tannery industries of Bangladesh were situated in
Hazaribag from the beginning, but the government
had decided to move those factories to Savar to save
Buriganga from pollution. The project was approved
at a meeting of the Executive Committee of the
National Economic Council (ECNEC) on 16 August
2003.25
The work was supposed to be completed in
2005. But it did not end at the appointed time. A
leather industrial city has been set up on 200 acres of
land at Hemayetpur in Savar. 155 factories will be set
up in 205 plots in Shilpanagar.
6. Impact of Tannery Wastes on the
Environment of Bangladesh:
Bangladesh's leather and tanning industry consists of
two sub-sectors: the manufacture of leather products,
including tanning and shoes. They produce all kinds
of leather, from wet blue to finished leather, and
leather-based merchandise starting from baggage and
belts to shoes.
In these industries, animal hides are converted into
leather through many complicated processes which
are the main reason of environment pollution. More
than 100 chemicals are used in the various processing
stages include Sodium sulfide, lime powder,
ammonium sulfate, Sulfuric acid, chromium sulfate,
sulphonated and sulfated oils, formaldehyde,
pigments, dyes and anti-fungus agents which play a
key role in the emission of poisonous effluents into
the environment. Wastes resulting from this processes
(Pre-Tanning, tanning, selecting, dressing, finishing)
are air, solid and primarily liquid.
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and ammonia (NH₃) are the
major gases released into the atmosphere. If
atmospheric air contains 20 ppm concentration of
H₂S gas and 5 ppm concentration of NH₃, it causes
death of a man due to its poisonous effect. The
effluent water of tannery contains dissolved and
undissolved organic and inorganic solid substances.
In tannery wastewater, chromium salts, phenolic,
tannins, and organic debris, among other pollutants,
are regularly released into the environment. These
pollutants pose a threat to aquatic life as well as
human health. The low pH of tannery effluents causes
erosion of water carrying system. Large pH
fluctuations and high BOD value can cause harmful
effects on living entities. On the opposite hand,
inorganic pollutants of Cr wealthy work wastes to
25
The Daily Star. 2021. "ECNEC approves 13 projects
with Tk 12,415.79 cr".
https://www.thedailystar.net/country/ecnec-approves-13-
projects-tk-1241579-cr-1517344.
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD49173 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2022 Page 198
disposal sites cause vital changes to the physico-
chemical properties of that setting.
7. Legal Analysis of Environmental Law:
The set of rules, legislation, agreements and
customary law regulation however humans
communicate with their surroundings is
environmental law. Environmental legislation seeks
to protect the environment and to set rules on how
citizens can use natural resources. Not solely do
environmental laws aim to shield the environment
from destruction, however they additionally decide
World Health Organization (WHO) and below what
circumstances will use natural resources. Laws
govern pollution, natural resource exploitation, forest
conservation, mineral extraction, and animal and fish
populations.
7.1. International Provisions:
Environmental laws area unit comparatively new in
Yankee history. Lawmakers began to pass
environmental laws within the twentieth century. The
environmental movement began to choose up pace
within the Sixties with the bulk of environmental laws
associate degreed rules being created since that
point.26
Molestation was the topic of the primary
environmental rules. If one person's use of their
property interferes with the employment of their own
property by another person, the courts could step in to
avoid the nuisance. Nuisance laws have usually
developed within the courts through common law
rulings. The laws defend an owner from the violation
of their right to fancy their own property by another
individual or company. Early environmental
legislation failed to target protective the total of the
environment. They additionally failed to grant
someone a stand to sue a bad person if they weren't
directly hurt by the actions of the opposite person.
7.1.1. Regulation of Environmental law:
Environmental laws cowl a large vary of topics
together with the following:
Air Quality: Air quality laws defend the air from
pollution and should embrace measures to shield the
air from things like gas depletion.
Water Quality: Environmental laws could defend
water from pollution. They will additionally confirm
World Health Organization will use water and the
26
What is Environmental Law? | Becoming an
Environmental Lawyer. (n.d.). Legalcarepath.Com.
Retrieved January 10, 2021, from
https://legalcareerpath.com/what-is-environmental-
law/#:%7E:text=Environmental%20law%20is%20the%20
collection,people%20can%20use%20natural%20resources
way to handle potential issues like treating waste and
managing surface flee.
Waste Management: Municipal waste, risky
substances and nuclear waste all fall within the class
of waste management.
Contaminant Cleanup: Not all environmental law
focuses on preventing pollution. Contamination
cleanup deals with addressing pollution when it
happens. Laws could embrace protocols for cleanup
moreover as civil and criminal social control for
polluters.
Chemical Safety: Chemical safety rules manage
things like chemical use and chemicals in product like
plastic bottles.
Hunting and fishing: Environmental laws could
regulate and defend life populations. Lawmakers
confirm World Health Organization will hunt and fish
and the way these activities area unit regulated.
7.1.2. Major Environmental Legislation:
The first federal environmental law is that the
watercourse and Harbors Act of 1889. The Clean
Water Act revised abundant of the Harbors Act. The
Act made it an offense without a permit to bring
waste into navigable waters. The law additionally
created it an infringement to change a harbor or city
district or otherwise alter a waterway by filling it or
excavating it.27
Other important items of federal environmental
legislation include:
1. Clean Air Act
2. Clean Water Act
3. Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
4. Endangered Species Act
5. National Environmental Policy Act
6. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
7.2. Environmental law in Bangladesh:
Natural resource ownership matters in relation to the
ecosystem and how certain resources are directly
related to the environment. In this respect,
Bangladesh inherited a colonial legal system that
promoted feudal ownership, but the 'states' were
acquired by the State in 1950. Maximum economic
usage of both private and domestic incentives. The
idea of 'ownership', on the other hand, remained
unfettered; non-privately owned resources are vested
and regulated by government entities, sadly, public
agencies have become feudal over public resource
management not being concerned with the
environment or sustainable growth.
27
ibid
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD49173 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2022 Page 199
The power in the seat was no better than the interest
of the colonial rulers in harnessing. Some interested
groups observed environmental change in 1960 and
realized the sufferings and effects, public
consciousness began to rise, and more individuals
came to know about the environmental law concept.
Because of various types of pollution and considering
public concern, a National Mechanism was created,
some NGOs subsequently worked to address
environmental issues during 1990, in addition to some
precursors of this phase, such as the Bangladesh
Environmental Lawyers Association and Bangladesh
PoribeshAndolon with their judicial and extrajudicial
activism and actions and remedies.
7.2.1. The Constitution of Bangladesh:
Article 18 A- Protection and improvement of
environment and biodiversity: For the present and
future citizens, the State shall work to maintain and
improve the environment, as well as to preserve and
safeguard natural resources, biodiversity, wetlands,
forests, and wildlife. The Act to Amend the
Constitution (Fifteenth Amendment) of 2011.28
There are several environmental laws in Bangladesh.
Those are discussed below:
7.2.2. The Environment Conservation Act 1995:
Bangladesh is one of the most environmentally
sensitive countries, with the threat of climate change
on the one hand and the daily cost of decreasing
living conditions on the other. The combatting of the
pressing needs of the environment cannot be met
without an effective legal framework and its proper
implementation (Lubaba, 2019). Therefore, on World
Environment Day, this article brieflyoutlines some of
the major legislation which address environmental
concerns.
7.2.3. The Environment Court Act 2010:
This Act serves as the foundation for the creation of
the Department of Environment, the appointment of
the Director General (DG), the conduct of
Environmental Impact Assessments, and the
designation of Ecologically Critical Areas.The
Environment Conservation Rules are laid out under
the Act, outlining the standards of the air, water and
other components of the environment.29
The Act has
28
An Overview of Environmental Laws of Bangladesh.
(n.d.). Retrieved January 10, 2021, from
https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-
rights/news/overview-environmental-laws-bangladesh-
1753360
29
Lubaba, Tahseen. 2019. "An Overview of Environmental
Laws of Bangladesh". The Daily Star.
https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-
been criticized for allocating overly broad powers to
the DG, leaving the "national interest" and "good
faith" loopholes and leaving them without the
requisite professional training of the officials
involved, insufficient sentencing and dumping
them.30
8. Findings and Recommendations:
After analyzing all the reports, data and relevant
journals, we can say that tannery effluents are ranked
as the highest pollutants due to their adverse effects
on environment. Though vegetable tanning is
environment friendly and biodegradable but chrome
tanning is mostly used in developing countries for
cost effective manner and fast process. Small
factories use repurposed chemicals from larger
industries, making them more risky and vulnerable
for both workers and the environment. Besides, the
factories who conserve and process the leather into
various types of products do not play by the rule book
of the Government and constantly break the
regulations and produce huge amount of wastages. In
order to address these issues, multiple bodies must
work together to protect the environment. The authors
have some suggestions regarding this issue:
1. Every tanning industry should construct an
effluent treatment facility to reduce the toxicity
and negative consequences of their pollutants.
2. Government has to improve the checks and
balances in place to ensure that tannery effluent
emissions into surface water do not exceed the
legal limit.
3. Though there are laws and regulations on how the
leather industry should proceed their works, they
are not willing to maintain those. So law
enforcement agencies are needed to be strictly
conduct surveillance and make necessary steps
when any law is broken.
4. Institutions like universities, colleges can
innovate relevant green technology, develop
green industrial processes, and raise awareness by
hosting seminars and symposiums.
5. Aerobic Treatment, Anaerobic Treatment,
Physico-Chemical Treatment, Emerging
Treatment should be applied to remove chromium
toxicity.
rights/news/overview-environmental-laws-bangladesh-
1753360.
30
An Overview of Environmental Laws of Bangladesh.
(n.d.). Retrieved January 10, 2021, from
https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-
rights/news/overview-environmental-laws-bangladesh-
1753360
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD49173 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2022 Page 200
9. Conclusion:
There has been a significant change from
industrialized to mature leather industries in recent
years. Countries such as Bangladesh and India have
been motivated by strict environmental regulations in
the leather tanning process consists of multiple batch
phases connected with the leather tanning process.
Consumption of significant quantities of freshwater as
well as liquid and solid waste production. While
tanning can be done according to various methods,
most of the leather is obtained. With chromium salts
as the agent for tanning. Wastewater is distinguished
by a substantial organic load. And remarkably high
inorganic compound concentrations such as
chromium, chloride, ammonia, Sulfide as well as
sulfate. This poses a threat to the leather industry's
potential sustainability with a Nontariff barriers,
including environmental concerns and Eco criteria
originating from major export markets, are increasing
in number and layers. There are 113 tanneries in
Bangladesh that produce 180 Hides and skins of
millions of square feet each year, but most of them do
not have effluent treatment plants They produce
approximately 20,000 m3 of tannery waste and 232
tons of solid waste per day. In spite of Quantifying
the use of resources such as fossil fuels, other types of
oil, water and other forms of energy, During various
activities, chemicals and the release of waste water,
air pollution and solid waste It has become
increasingly essential to produce leather in
Bangladesh. A valuable method to measure the Life
cycle analysis (LCA) is an environmental
responsibility associated with a product, process or
operation that is a management method involving the
identification and quantification of the input and
output flows of the product. Processes; reuse of
resources and materials and release of waste into the
atmosphere. Studies on Leather related environmental
impacts have not been carried out in Bangladesh for
leather so far. Supply chain for manufacturing.
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