Deep Sea mining has the potential to play a significant role in the circular economy, which aims to minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency by reusing and recycling materials. By extracting valuable minerals from the ocean, deep sea mining can reduce the reliance on non renewable resources and support the development of a more sustainable and circular economy. Also, there are significant challenges associated with integrating deep sea mining into the circular economy. For example, the recovery of minerals from the ocean floor can generate significant amounts of waste and create new environmental risks. Additionally, there may be concerns about the social and economic impacts of deep sea mining on coastal communities, particularly those that depend on traditional fishing or tourism activities. The bottom of the ocean bed is rich in cobalt rich crusts, polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulfides, and rare earth rich sediments. There are wide deep sea reserves of Ni, Co, Mn, etc. To maximize the opportunities and minimize the challenges associated with deep sea mining and the circular economy, it is important to develop robust regulatory frameworks that prioritize sustainability and social responsibility. This may include measures such as environmental impact assessments, community engagement and consultation, and the establishment of protected areas to preserve vulnerable ocean ecosystems. This paper discusses the various aspects of deep sea mining skillfully. Manish Verma "Deep Sea Mining and the Circular Economy: Opportunities and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56278.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/56278/deep-sea-mining-and-the-circular-economy-opportunities-and-challenges/manish-verma
Environmental Impact of Deep Sea Mining A ChatGPT Analysisijtsrd
Deep Sea mining has emerged as a promising frontier in mineral extraction to meet the increasing global demand for metals and minerals. However, this industrial activity poses significant environmental challenges due to the unique and delicate ecosystems found in the deep sea. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the environmental impacts of deep sea mining, focusing on potential consequences for biodiversity, marine ecosystems, and the overall health of the ocean. By evaluating existing research and studies, we identify the key ecological concerns and discuss potential mitigation strategies to minimize the negative effects of deep sea mining. Manish Verma "Environmental Impact of Deep-Sea Mining: A ChatGPT Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59777.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/59777/environmental-impact-of-deepsea-mining-a-chatgpt-analysis/manish-verma
This document discusses various initiatives and regulations aimed at promoting cleaner coasts and oceans, including the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan cleanliness campaign in India. It outlines sources and types of marine litter, as well as impacts like wildlife entanglement, ingestion, and habitat damage. The document also summarizes the London Convention and Protocol for preventing marine pollution from dumping waste at sea, and IMO regulations under MARPOL that address ship-generated waste like sewage, solid waste, oil, and ballast water discharge. Challenges of marine litter are discussed along with recommendations like stronger legislation, improved port management, and global initiatives to further address the issue.
Blue economy and coastal management in the coming decadeCINEC Campus
This document discusses the blue economy and coastal management over the coming decade. It defines the blue economy as a sustainable ocean-based economic model dependent on coastal and marine ecosystems. The document outlines various ocean-based and ocean-related economic activities, but notes threats to the blue economy like pollution, overfishing, and climate change impacts. It proposes developing new industries in areas like renewable energy and biotechnology. Finally, the document calls for sustainably managing ocean resources and ecosystems over the next decade through measures like preventing pollution, regulating fishing, and increasing scientific research capacity.
Healthy oceans are essential but are threatened by pollution, overfishing, climate change. Goal 14 aims to conserve oceans by reducing pollution, protecting ecosystems, addressing acidification, regulating fishing. The objectives are to prevent marine pollution, sustainably manage coastal areas, minimize acidification impacts, effectively regulate fishing. Targets include increasing protections, benefits for small island states, subsidies reform, international law enforcement, sustainable fishing. Research shows main pollutants are microplastics, sewage, plastic bottles/bags, fishing waste. Local and international cooperation is needed to sustainably manage oceans.
Introduction of Environment Technology & Marine Environmental Biotechnology.pptxUniversity of Chittagong
- Biofouling is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or small animals on wet surfaces submerged in water. It begins within minutes of a surface contacting water.
- It causes major economic losses by increasing drag on ships and requiring higher maintenance costs. It also facilitates the spread of invasive species globally.
- Various antifouling technologies have been used to prevent biofouling, including coating surfaces with biocides like tributyltin and copper. However, these chemicals are toxic and have led to bans. Alternative methods include using non-toxic coatings and extracting natural antifouling compounds from marine organisms.
This document discusses coastal pollution in India. It begins by providing background on India's coastline and sources of coastal pollution such as domestic waste, industrial effluents, and agricultural runoff. It then examines the impacts of pollution on coastal ecology like loss of coral reefs and mangroves. The document presents various methodologies that can be used to reduce coastal pollution, including reducing single-use plastics, participating in beach cleanups, and supporting bans on certain pollutants. It also includes a case study on the impact of pollution on the marine environment of coastal Mumbai. The conclusions state that the effects of contaminants on coastal ecosystems are difficult to assess and that both natural factors and human activities can aggravate pollution issues
Deep Sea Mining & the International Seabed Authority: The case for a moratoriumAIDA_Americas
Presentation of Matthew Gianni, Deep Sea Conservation Coalition (DSCC), during the webinar "From the seabed to the high seas: How international negotiations can save the ocean's future".
Environmental Impact of Deep Sea Mining A ChatGPT Analysisijtsrd
Deep Sea mining has emerged as a promising frontier in mineral extraction to meet the increasing global demand for metals and minerals. However, this industrial activity poses significant environmental challenges due to the unique and delicate ecosystems found in the deep sea. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the environmental impacts of deep sea mining, focusing on potential consequences for biodiversity, marine ecosystems, and the overall health of the ocean. By evaluating existing research and studies, we identify the key ecological concerns and discuss potential mitigation strategies to minimize the negative effects of deep sea mining. Manish Verma "Environmental Impact of Deep-Sea Mining: A ChatGPT Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59777.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/59777/environmental-impact-of-deepsea-mining-a-chatgpt-analysis/manish-verma
This document discusses various initiatives and regulations aimed at promoting cleaner coasts and oceans, including the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan cleanliness campaign in India. It outlines sources and types of marine litter, as well as impacts like wildlife entanglement, ingestion, and habitat damage. The document also summarizes the London Convention and Protocol for preventing marine pollution from dumping waste at sea, and IMO regulations under MARPOL that address ship-generated waste like sewage, solid waste, oil, and ballast water discharge. Challenges of marine litter are discussed along with recommendations like stronger legislation, improved port management, and global initiatives to further address the issue.
Blue economy and coastal management in the coming decadeCINEC Campus
This document discusses the blue economy and coastal management over the coming decade. It defines the blue economy as a sustainable ocean-based economic model dependent on coastal and marine ecosystems. The document outlines various ocean-based and ocean-related economic activities, but notes threats to the blue economy like pollution, overfishing, and climate change impacts. It proposes developing new industries in areas like renewable energy and biotechnology. Finally, the document calls for sustainably managing ocean resources and ecosystems over the next decade through measures like preventing pollution, regulating fishing, and increasing scientific research capacity.
Healthy oceans are essential but are threatened by pollution, overfishing, climate change. Goal 14 aims to conserve oceans by reducing pollution, protecting ecosystems, addressing acidification, regulating fishing. The objectives are to prevent marine pollution, sustainably manage coastal areas, minimize acidification impacts, effectively regulate fishing. Targets include increasing protections, benefits for small island states, subsidies reform, international law enforcement, sustainable fishing. Research shows main pollutants are microplastics, sewage, plastic bottles/bags, fishing waste. Local and international cooperation is needed to sustainably manage oceans.
Introduction of Environment Technology & Marine Environmental Biotechnology.pptxUniversity of Chittagong
- Biofouling is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or small animals on wet surfaces submerged in water. It begins within minutes of a surface contacting water.
- It causes major economic losses by increasing drag on ships and requiring higher maintenance costs. It also facilitates the spread of invasive species globally.
- Various antifouling technologies have been used to prevent biofouling, including coating surfaces with biocides like tributyltin and copper. However, these chemicals are toxic and have led to bans. Alternative methods include using non-toxic coatings and extracting natural antifouling compounds from marine organisms.
This document discusses coastal pollution in India. It begins by providing background on India's coastline and sources of coastal pollution such as domestic waste, industrial effluents, and agricultural runoff. It then examines the impacts of pollution on coastal ecology like loss of coral reefs and mangroves. The document presents various methodologies that can be used to reduce coastal pollution, including reducing single-use plastics, participating in beach cleanups, and supporting bans on certain pollutants. It also includes a case study on the impact of pollution on the marine environment of coastal Mumbai. The conclusions state that the effects of contaminants on coastal ecosystems are difficult to assess and that both natural factors and human activities can aggravate pollution issues
Deep Sea Mining & the International Seabed Authority: The case for a moratoriumAIDA_Americas
Presentation of Matthew Gianni, Deep Sea Conservation Coalition (DSCC), during the webinar "From the seabed to the high seas: How international negotiations can save the ocean's future".
The document discusses various topics related to aquatic ecosystems:
- Oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface and have an average depth of 3.7 km, with the deepest part being the Mariana Trench at 11,000 meters.
- The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established rules governing the ocean and created new institutions.
- Wetlands provide important ecosystem services but 87% have been lost, threatening dependent species. The Ramsar Convention promotes wetland conservation.
- Aquatic food webs include plankton, benthos, nekton, fish, and humans that consume from all levels. Climate change poses threats like rising sea levels, warming, and
In this PPT you will learn about Marine Pollution. Kindly Go through the PPT.
Contents:-
Marine Pollution / Ocean Pollution
Causes of Marine / Ocean Pollution
Effects of ocean pollution
Global Initiatives
International conventions
Greenpeace
How to prevent Ocean pollution?
The oceans cover over 70% of the globe. Its health, wellbeing of humanity and the living environment that sustains us all are inextricably linked. Yet neglect of ocean acidification, climate change, polluting activities and over-exploitation of marine resources have made oceans, one of the earth’s most threatened ecosystems.
Marine pollution, also known as ocean pollution, is the spreading of harmful substances such as oil, plastic, industrial and agricultural waste and chemical particles into the ocean.
Marine growth assessments are important for effective management of potential environmental impacts and financial risks during offshore structure decommissioning. Assessments provide information on added weight from growth, presence of protected species like corals, risk of invasive species transfer, and waste management implications. An assessment found over 2,000 tonnes of growth including corals on a platform in deep northern North Sea waters, while shallower south North Sea platforms averaged 39 tonnes of growth. Assessments support regulatory compliance and cost-effective planning of structure removal and disposal.
IRJET - Causes of Declining Rate of Prawn Production in PondsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the declining rate of prawn production in ponds in India. It identifies several key factors that are contributing to this decline, including issues with soil and water salinity, dissolved oxygen levels, and disease outbreaks. The document also examines different aerators and technologies that are being used to address these problems and optimize pond conditions for prawn growth. It outlines the objectives and scope of studying prawn farming practices, production factors, and management techniques employed by farmers in an effort to better understand and resolve the issues leading to reduced prawn yields.
Blue economy and coastal management in the coming DecadeCINEC Campus
This document discusses the blue economy and coastal management over the coming decade. It defines the blue economy as an ocean-based economic model largely dependent on coastal and marine ecosystems. The ocean covers most of the planet and supports billions of livelihoods and species. However, as much as 40% is heavily affected by human activities like pollution, overfishing, and habitat loss. The document outlines various ocean-based and ocean-related economic activities and new industries in the blue economy. It also discusses threats like pollution, overexploitation of resources, and the need for sustainable management of ocean resources and ecosystems in the coming decade to ensure continued benefits from the blue economy.
This document provides information on marine science and marine biodiversity. It discusses the four main branches of marine science - physical, chemical, geological and biological oceanography. It also outlines threats to marine biodiversity such as pollution, overfishing, and climate change. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving marine ecosystems and biodiversity through policies, sustainable practices, and developing marine biotechnology and natural products from marine sources.
Natural ecosystems are one of our most precious resources, critical for sustaining life on the planet. The benefits humans derive from ecosystems are varied, from marketable products such as pharmaceuticals, to recreational opportunities such as camping, to ecosystems services such as erosion control and water purification. For many people, nature plays a powerful spiritual and aesthetic role in their lives, and many place a high value on the existence of wilderness and nature for its own sake. Despite the critical roles ecosystems play, these areas are increasingly threatened by the impacts of a growing human population through habitat destruction and air and water pollution. Added to these stresses comes a new threat — global climate change resulting from increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. “Ecosystems and Global Climate Change†is the fifth in a series of the Pew Center reports examining the potential impacts of climate change on the U.S. environment. It details the very real possibility that warming over this century will jeopardize the integrity of many of the terrestrial ecosystems on which we depend. Among the many key issues raised are With warming, the distribution of terrestrial ecosystems will change as plants and animals follow the shifting climate. The eastern United States will likely lose many of its deciduous forests as the climate zones shift northwards, while more mountainous regions, like portions of the West, will see species and ecosystems migrate up mountain slopes from lower elevations.Both the amount and rate of warming predicted represent a threat to our nation’s biodiversity. Certain species may face dwindling numbers and even extinction if they are unable to migrate fast enough to keep up with the changing climate. Likewise, as warming shrinks the zone of cold conditions in upper latitudes and on mountains, the future of species that depend on such climates will be in jeopardy.Climate change is likely to alter ecosystem composition and function — that is, which species make up an ecosystem and the way in which energy and materials flow through these systems. These modifications are bound to alter the amount and quantity of the various goods and services ecosystems provide.Ecosystems are inherently complex and difficult to model, and our ability to predict exactly how species and ecosystems will respond to a changing climate is limited. This uncertainty limits our ability to mitigate, minimize, or ameliorate the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. In order to maximize nature’s own potential to adapt to climate change, we must continue to support existing strategies to conserve biodiversity and protect natural ecosystems. Surendar Kumar "Ecosystems Adaptation to Global Warming" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50490.pdf Paper
Sand mining is becoming an environmental issue as demand increases. It can damage habitats, lower water tables, pollute water, and destabilize river banks. Several mitigation measures can be taken, including selecting less impactful mining areas, limiting mining depths, excluding sensitive zones, seasonal restrictions, monitoring ecosystems, and restoration efforts. However, illegal sand mining in India operates constantly without regulation, destroying habitats and infrastructure.
The document discusses coastal zone management in India. It begins by defining coastal zones and explaining their importance, noting their high biodiversity and economic significance. It then outlines various threats facing coastal zones, such as rapid urbanization, pollution, and destructive fishing practices. The document also describes India's legal framework for coastal zone management, including acts governing forests, wildlife, the environment, and maritime zones. It explains the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) framework for classifying and regulating activities in different coastal areas. Finally, it discusses India's Coastal Zone Management Authority and the need for sustainable, inclusive practices to balance development and conservation along India's coastlines.
This document discusses coastal zone management in India. It notes that India has over 8,100 km of coastline and that coastal zones are important ecologically and economically. The document then discusses threats to coastal zones like pollution, urbanization, and population growth. It outlines India's Coastal Regulation Zone notification which aims to protect coastal areas and categorizes different coastal zones. The notification prohibits or regulates certain activities in coastal areas. Overall, the document provides an overview of India's coastal zones and the legal framework around managing these important areas.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON COASTAL COMMUNITIES OF INDIA (EASTERN COAST)IRJET Journal
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on coastal communities in Eastern India. It finds that the Eastern coast, including regions in West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and Puducherry, faces significant vulnerabilities due to rising sea levels, increased extreme weather events, and disruptions to agriculture and fisheries from climate change. Coastal communities experience threats to livelihoods, food security, and infrastructure from rising seas, coastal erosion, changes in ecosystems, and variability in rainfall patterns. The agriculture and fishing industries that many coastal residents rely on are especially impacted. West Bengal in particular faces severe risks from cyclones and flooding along with rising sea surface temperatures. Urgent action is needed to develop strategies to build resilience against these climate change effects
ABSTRACT- Wastewater treatment is a problem of grave concern in most developing countries. In the last two decades, there has been a lot of research to develop appropriate technologies to alleviate pollution in water resources. Efficient wastewater treatments through conventional methods are expensive and difficult to get optimum results. Currently, phytoremediation is an effective and affordable solution used to remediate toxic pollutants from aquatic ecosystems. The review describes various aquatic plants, which have high potential to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Key-words- Water pollution, Heavy metals, Phytoremediation, Aquatic plants, Wastewater treatment
This document discusses the environmental impacts of sand mining and provides mitigation measures. It notes that sand mining is becoming an issue as demand increases, and can cause considerable environmental damage by disturbing habitats and ecosystems. It then lists several specific impacts of sand mining, such as reducing bird habitats, degrading water quality, lowering groundwater levels, and destroying riparian vegetation. The document proposes 10 mitigation measures that can be taken, such as selecting mining areas to minimize damage, limiting mining during certain seasons, and restoring mined areas with replanting. It also discusses illegal sand mining occurring in India and steps taken in Kerala to address it, such as a complaint cell and raids to seize vehicles involved in illegal mining.
Sustainable development Goal 14: Conserve and sustain the oceans, seas and ma...Dima Mykulo
Oceans are essential to life on Earth but are increasingly threatened by human activities. Goal 14 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals is dedicated to conserving oceans and marine resources through various targets aimed at reducing pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction, while increasing scientific understanding and sustainable use. Achieving this goal requires international cooperation, as oceans have no borders, and collaborative efforts between companies and organizations to address issues through practical solutions aligned with their expertise and operations.
Marine waste poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems and human health. It disrupts the delicate balance of marine life through entanglement, ingestion, and introduction of pollutants. This pollution contaminates water sources and seafood, exposing humans to toxins. It also damages coral reefs and coastal habitats, causing declines in fish populations, loss of biodiversity, and economic costs. Addressing this problem requires improved waste management, regulation, education, international cooperation, and cleanup efforts to prevent waste from entering oceans and mitigate current impacts.
The document discusses the blue economy, which refers to the sustainable use and protection of ocean resources for economic growth. It includes sectors like fisheries, aquaculture, offshore renewable energy, and marine biotechnology. For Bangladesh, the blue economy potential lies in marine fisheries, gas, oil, minerals, and tourism. However, challenges include ensuring sovereignty over coastal waters, developing eco-friendly infrastructure, and preventing pollution. Future steps involve protecting resources, investing in technology and skills, and sustainably developing untapped sectors through research and planning.
The document discusses Goal 14 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, which is to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources. It notes that oceans are crucial to sustaining life on Earth and are under threat from human activities like pollution, overfishing, and loss of coastal habitats. The goal outlines targets such as reducing marine pollution and ocean acidification, regulating overfishing, and conserving coastal and marine areas, to help protect oceans and manage their resources sustainably by 2030.
Coralink was founded to address the global problem of coral reef degradation by creating artificial coral reef habitats made of monel, a corrosion-resistant alloy. Coralink will produce standardized artificial reef designs, and also handle shipping and installation. This allows Coralink to be involved in the entire process from design to installation. Coralink aims to provide a sustainable solution that benefits both the environment and local communities economically and socially. The company's competitors include for-profit artificial reef builders as well as non-profit organizations working on coral reef restoration and conservation.
This document discusses sustainability in the marine industry from an environmental, economic, and social perspective. It defines sustainability and outlines the key elements of sustainable development including protecting the environment while enabling economic growth and social progress. Current environmental challenges in the marine sector like climate change, pollution, and waste are examined along with potential solutions. Future challenges such as depleted fish stocks, ocean acidification, and decommissioning are also addressed. The role of organizations like the IMarEST in promoting sustainability through technical expertise, global networks, and advocacy is explored.
The document discusses the concept of a "Blue Economy" which aims to promote sustainable economic growth through the utilization of ocean resources. It describes how oceans are essential to supporting life and the global economy. The Blue Economy framework balances conservation with sustainable use and private sector growth with equitable community benefits. It also aims to unite management of ocean areas within countries' exclusive economic zones with areas beyond national jurisdiction. Realizing the full potential of the Blue Economy could help address challenges like food security and climate change.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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The document discusses various topics related to aquatic ecosystems:
- Oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface and have an average depth of 3.7 km, with the deepest part being the Mariana Trench at 11,000 meters.
- The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established rules governing the ocean and created new institutions.
- Wetlands provide important ecosystem services but 87% have been lost, threatening dependent species. The Ramsar Convention promotes wetland conservation.
- Aquatic food webs include plankton, benthos, nekton, fish, and humans that consume from all levels. Climate change poses threats like rising sea levels, warming, and
In this PPT you will learn about Marine Pollution. Kindly Go through the PPT.
Contents:-
Marine Pollution / Ocean Pollution
Causes of Marine / Ocean Pollution
Effects of ocean pollution
Global Initiatives
International conventions
Greenpeace
How to prevent Ocean pollution?
The oceans cover over 70% of the globe. Its health, wellbeing of humanity and the living environment that sustains us all are inextricably linked. Yet neglect of ocean acidification, climate change, polluting activities and over-exploitation of marine resources have made oceans, one of the earth’s most threatened ecosystems.
Marine pollution, also known as ocean pollution, is the spreading of harmful substances such as oil, plastic, industrial and agricultural waste and chemical particles into the ocean.
Marine growth assessments are important for effective management of potential environmental impacts and financial risks during offshore structure decommissioning. Assessments provide information on added weight from growth, presence of protected species like corals, risk of invasive species transfer, and waste management implications. An assessment found over 2,000 tonnes of growth including corals on a platform in deep northern North Sea waters, while shallower south North Sea platforms averaged 39 tonnes of growth. Assessments support regulatory compliance and cost-effective planning of structure removal and disposal.
IRJET - Causes of Declining Rate of Prawn Production in PondsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the declining rate of prawn production in ponds in India. It identifies several key factors that are contributing to this decline, including issues with soil and water salinity, dissolved oxygen levels, and disease outbreaks. The document also examines different aerators and technologies that are being used to address these problems and optimize pond conditions for prawn growth. It outlines the objectives and scope of studying prawn farming practices, production factors, and management techniques employed by farmers in an effort to better understand and resolve the issues leading to reduced prawn yields.
Blue economy and coastal management in the coming DecadeCINEC Campus
This document discusses the blue economy and coastal management over the coming decade. It defines the blue economy as an ocean-based economic model largely dependent on coastal and marine ecosystems. The ocean covers most of the planet and supports billions of livelihoods and species. However, as much as 40% is heavily affected by human activities like pollution, overfishing, and habitat loss. The document outlines various ocean-based and ocean-related economic activities and new industries in the blue economy. It also discusses threats like pollution, overexploitation of resources, and the need for sustainable management of ocean resources and ecosystems in the coming decade to ensure continued benefits from the blue economy.
This document provides information on marine science and marine biodiversity. It discusses the four main branches of marine science - physical, chemical, geological and biological oceanography. It also outlines threats to marine biodiversity such as pollution, overfishing, and climate change. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving marine ecosystems and biodiversity through policies, sustainable practices, and developing marine biotechnology and natural products from marine sources.
Natural ecosystems are one of our most precious resources, critical for sustaining life on the planet. The benefits humans derive from ecosystems are varied, from marketable products such as pharmaceuticals, to recreational opportunities such as camping, to ecosystems services such as erosion control and water purification. For many people, nature plays a powerful spiritual and aesthetic role in their lives, and many place a high value on the existence of wilderness and nature for its own sake. Despite the critical roles ecosystems play, these areas are increasingly threatened by the impacts of a growing human population through habitat destruction and air and water pollution. Added to these stresses comes a new threat — global climate change resulting from increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. “Ecosystems and Global Climate Change†is the fifth in a series of the Pew Center reports examining the potential impacts of climate change on the U.S. environment. It details the very real possibility that warming over this century will jeopardize the integrity of many of the terrestrial ecosystems on which we depend. Among the many key issues raised are With warming, the distribution of terrestrial ecosystems will change as plants and animals follow the shifting climate. The eastern United States will likely lose many of its deciduous forests as the climate zones shift northwards, while more mountainous regions, like portions of the West, will see species and ecosystems migrate up mountain slopes from lower elevations.Both the amount and rate of warming predicted represent a threat to our nation’s biodiversity. Certain species may face dwindling numbers and even extinction if they are unable to migrate fast enough to keep up with the changing climate. Likewise, as warming shrinks the zone of cold conditions in upper latitudes and on mountains, the future of species that depend on such climates will be in jeopardy.Climate change is likely to alter ecosystem composition and function — that is, which species make up an ecosystem and the way in which energy and materials flow through these systems. These modifications are bound to alter the amount and quantity of the various goods and services ecosystems provide.Ecosystems are inherently complex and difficult to model, and our ability to predict exactly how species and ecosystems will respond to a changing climate is limited. This uncertainty limits our ability to mitigate, minimize, or ameliorate the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. In order to maximize nature’s own potential to adapt to climate change, we must continue to support existing strategies to conserve biodiversity and protect natural ecosystems. Surendar Kumar "Ecosystems Adaptation to Global Warming" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50490.pdf Paper
Sand mining is becoming an environmental issue as demand increases. It can damage habitats, lower water tables, pollute water, and destabilize river banks. Several mitigation measures can be taken, including selecting less impactful mining areas, limiting mining depths, excluding sensitive zones, seasonal restrictions, monitoring ecosystems, and restoration efforts. However, illegal sand mining in India operates constantly without regulation, destroying habitats and infrastructure.
The document discusses coastal zone management in India. It begins by defining coastal zones and explaining their importance, noting their high biodiversity and economic significance. It then outlines various threats facing coastal zones, such as rapid urbanization, pollution, and destructive fishing practices. The document also describes India's legal framework for coastal zone management, including acts governing forests, wildlife, the environment, and maritime zones. It explains the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) framework for classifying and regulating activities in different coastal areas. Finally, it discusses India's Coastal Zone Management Authority and the need for sustainable, inclusive practices to balance development and conservation along India's coastlines.
This document discusses coastal zone management in India. It notes that India has over 8,100 km of coastline and that coastal zones are important ecologically and economically. The document then discusses threats to coastal zones like pollution, urbanization, and population growth. It outlines India's Coastal Regulation Zone notification which aims to protect coastal areas and categorizes different coastal zones. The notification prohibits or regulates certain activities in coastal areas. Overall, the document provides an overview of India's coastal zones and the legal framework around managing these important areas.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON COASTAL COMMUNITIES OF INDIA (EASTERN COAST)IRJET Journal
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on coastal communities in Eastern India. It finds that the Eastern coast, including regions in West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and Puducherry, faces significant vulnerabilities due to rising sea levels, increased extreme weather events, and disruptions to agriculture and fisheries from climate change. Coastal communities experience threats to livelihoods, food security, and infrastructure from rising seas, coastal erosion, changes in ecosystems, and variability in rainfall patterns. The agriculture and fishing industries that many coastal residents rely on are especially impacted. West Bengal in particular faces severe risks from cyclones and flooding along with rising sea surface temperatures. Urgent action is needed to develop strategies to build resilience against these climate change effects
ABSTRACT- Wastewater treatment is a problem of grave concern in most developing countries. In the last two decades, there has been a lot of research to develop appropriate technologies to alleviate pollution in water resources. Efficient wastewater treatments through conventional methods are expensive and difficult to get optimum results. Currently, phytoremediation is an effective and affordable solution used to remediate toxic pollutants from aquatic ecosystems. The review describes various aquatic plants, which have high potential to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Key-words- Water pollution, Heavy metals, Phytoremediation, Aquatic plants, Wastewater treatment
This document discusses the environmental impacts of sand mining and provides mitigation measures. It notes that sand mining is becoming an issue as demand increases, and can cause considerable environmental damage by disturbing habitats and ecosystems. It then lists several specific impacts of sand mining, such as reducing bird habitats, degrading water quality, lowering groundwater levels, and destroying riparian vegetation. The document proposes 10 mitigation measures that can be taken, such as selecting mining areas to minimize damage, limiting mining during certain seasons, and restoring mined areas with replanting. It also discusses illegal sand mining occurring in India and steps taken in Kerala to address it, such as a complaint cell and raids to seize vehicles involved in illegal mining.
Sustainable development Goal 14: Conserve and sustain the oceans, seas and ma...Dima Mykulo
Oceans are essential to life on Earth but are increasingly threatened by human activities. Goal 14 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals is dedicated to conserving oceans and marine resources through various targets aimed at reducing pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction, while increasing scientific understanding and sustainable use. Achieving this goal requires international cooperation, as oceans have no borders, and collaborative efforts between companies and organizations to address issues through practical solutions aligned with their expertise and operations.
Marine waste poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems and human health. It disrupts the delicate balance of marine life through entanglement, ingestion, and introduction of pollutants. This pollution contaminates water sources and seafood, exposing humans to toxins. It also damages coral reefs and coastal habitats, causing declines in fish populations, loss of biodiversity, and economic costs. Addressing this problem requires improved waste management, regulation, education, international cooperation, and cleanup efforts to prevent waste from entering oceans and mitigate current impacts.
The document discusses the blue economy, which refers to the sustainable use and protection of ocean resources for economic growth. It includes sectors like fisheries, aquaculture, offshore renewable energy, and marine biotechnology. For Bangladesh, the blue economy potential lies in marine fisheries, gas, oil, minerals, and tourism. However, challenges include ensuring sovereignty over coastal waters, developing eco-friendly infrastructure, and preventing pollution. Future steps involve protecting resources, investing in technology and skills, and sustainably developing untapped sectors through research and planning.
The document discusses Goal 14 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, which is to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources. It notes that oceans are crucial to sustaining life on Earth and are under threat from human activities like pollution, overfishing, and loss of coastal habitats. The goal outlines targets such as reducing marine pollution and ocean acidification, regulating overfishing, and conserving coastal and marine areas, to help protect oceans and manage their resources sustainably by 2030.
Coralink was founded to address the global problem of coral reef degradation by creating artificial coral reef habitats made of monel, a corrosion-resistant alloy. Coralink will produce standardized artificial reef designs, and also handle shipping and installation. This allows Coralink to be involved in the entire process from design to installation. Coralink aims to provide a sustainable solution that benefits both the environment and local communities economically and socially. The company's competitors include for-profit artificial reef builders as well as non-profit organizations working on coral reef restoration and conservation.
This document discusses sustainability in the marine industry from an environmental, economic, and social perspective. It defines sustainability and outlines the key elements of sustainable development including protecting the environment while enabling economic growth and social progress. Current environmental challenges in the marine sector like climate change, pollution, and waste are examined along with potential solutions. Future challenges such as depleted fish stocks, ocean acidification, and decommissioning are also addressed. The role of organizations like the IMarEST in promoting sustainability through technical expertise, global networks, and advocacy is explored.
The document discusses the concept of a "Blue Economy" which aims to promote sustainable economic growth through the utilization of ocean resources. It describes how oceans are essential to supporting life and the global economy. The Blue Economy framework balances conservation with sustainable use and private sector growth with equitable community benefits. It also aims to unite management of ocean areas within countries' exclusive economic zones with areas beyond national jurisdiction. Realizing the full potential of the Blue Economy could help address challenges like food security and climate change.
Similar to Deep Sea Mining and the Circular Economy Opportunities and Challenges (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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II. ChatGPT Chatbot and its features
As an AI-based chatbot, ChatGPT is designed to
engage in conversations with users and provide
helpful responses to their queries. Here are some of
the features and capabilities of ChatGPT:
Natural Language Processing (NLP): ChatGPT is
built using advanced NLP algorithms that enable it to
understand and interpret human language, including
nuances and idiomatic expressions.
Contextual awareness: ChatGPT can maintain
context across conversations, which means it can
understand and respond appropriately to follow-up
questions or statements.
Broad knowledge base: ChatGPT has access to a
vast amount of information and knowledge from
various sources, which allows it to provide accurate
and helpful responses to a wide range of queries.
Multilingual support: ChatGPT can engage in
conversations in multiple languages, making it a
useful tool for users from different parts of the world.
Personalization: ChatGPT can learn from previous
interactions with users and personalize its responses
based on their preferences and interests 24x7.
Overall, ChatGPT is a highly sophisticated and
intelligent chatbot that can provide valuable
assistance and support to users on a wide range of
topics. [10-12]
III. The risks associated with marine oceans
Here are many risks associated with marine oceans:
Climate Change: Rising sea levels, increasing
temperatures, and ocean acidification are some of the
major risks associated with climate change. These can
have significant impacts on marine ecosystems,
leading to the loss of biodiversity and changes in
ocean currents and weather patterns.
Overfishing: Overfishing can deplete fish
populations and disrupt entire marine ecosystems,
causing imbalances in food webs and reducing
biodiversity.
Plastic Pollution: Plastic waste has become a major
problem in the ocean, with millions of tons of plastic
ending up in the ocean every year. This can harm
marine life and damage ecosystems, as well as impact
human health through the food chain.
Habitat Destruction: Human activities such as
mining, dredging, and construction can destroy
habitats such as coral reefs and seagrass beds, leading
to the loss of biodiversity and damaging the ability of
the ocean to provide important ecosystem services.
Invasive Species: Invasive species can be introduced
to marine ecosystems through ballast water, fishing
gear, or other means, and can have significant impacts
on native species and ecosystems.
Oil Spills: Oil spills can have devastating impacts on
marine ecosystems, killing wildlife and damaging
habitats for years or even decades after the spill
occurs.
Ocean Noise: Anthropogenic noise from activities
such as shipping, sonar, and oil exploration can
disrupt the behavior and communication of marine
animals, leading to negative impacts on their survival
and reproduction.
Marine Debris: Debris such as abandoned fishing
gear, plastic, and other materials can entangle and
harm marine wildlife, as well as damage habitats and
impact marine ecosystems.
Harmful Algal Blooms: Some types of algae can
produce toxins that can harm marine life and humans,
leading to illness or even death in some cases.
Ocean Warming: As the ocean warms, it can cause
shifts in marine ecosystems and alter the distribution
and behavior of marine species. This can have
significant impacts on the functioning of the ocean
and the services it provides to humans.
IV. The Ways to Minimize the Impact of deep-
sea mining on the Environment
Here are a few ways to minimize the impact of deep-
sea mining on the environment:
Implement Regulations: Governments can
implement regulations and guidelines to ensure that
deep-sea mining operations are conducted responsibly
and sustainably. These regulations should take into
account the potential environmental impacts of
mining and require companies to take measures to
minimize their impact on the environment.
Conduct Environmental Assessments: Mining
companies should conduct thorough environmental
assessments before beginning operations. These
assessments should identify potential environmental
impacts and provide recommendations for
minimizing these impacts.
Use Sustainable Mining Techniques: Companies
can use sustainable mining techniques that minimize
the amount of waste generated and reduce the impact
of mining on marine ecosystems. For example, using
remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) to collect
minerals can reduce the need for large mining vessels
that can damage the seafloor.
Reduce Noise Pollution: Mining companies should
take steps to reduce noise pollution from mining
operations, which can have negative impacts on
marine life. This can be done by using quieter
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equipment and avoiding sensitive areas during certain
times of the year.
Protect Sensitive Areas: Companies should avoid
mining in sensitive areas such as coral reefs, seagrass
beds, and other important habitats. If mining is
necessary in these areas, companies should take
measures to minimize their impact on the
environment.
Monitor Impacts: Mining companies should conduct
regular monitoring to assess the impact of their
operations on the environment. This can help to
identify potential problems early and allow for
corrective action to be taken.
Implement Restoration Plans: If mining does cause
damage to marine ecosystems, companies should
implement restoration plans to restore habitats and
minimize the long-term impact of mining operations.
V. Regulation deep sea mining from above
Here are a few suggestions for regulations for deep-
sea mining:
International Regulations: The United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
provides the legal framework for deep-sea mining in
international waters. The International Seabed
Authority (ISA) is responsible for regulating mining
activities in the international seabed area.
National Regulations: National governments can
also implement regulations for deep sea mining
within their jurisdictions, including within their
exclusive economic zones (EEZs).
Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs):
Companies that wish to conduct deep sea mining
operations must conduct EIAs to assess the potential
environmental impacts of their activities. These
assessments are used to inform regulatory decision-
making and identify ways to mitigate any potential
negative impacts.
Licensing and Permitting: Companies must obtain
licenses and permits from regulatory authorities
before conducting deep-sea mining operations. These
licenses and permits outline the specific conditions
under which mining activities can take place.
Financial Assurance: Companies may be required to
provide financial assurance to demonstrate their
ability to cover any potential environmental damages
or other liabilities resulting from their mining
activities.
Transparency: Regulatory frameworks for deep sea
mining should prioritize transparency and open
communication between mining companies,
regulatory authorities, and the public.
Liability: Liability for any potential environmental
damages resulting from deep sea mining operations
should be clearly defined in regulatory frameworks,
and companies should be held responsible for any
harm caused by their activities.
Monitoring and Enforcement: Regulatory
authorities should implement monitoring and
enforcement mechanisms to ensure that mining
companies comply with regulations and take
appropriate measures to minimize the environmental
impacts of their operations.
Adaptive Management: Regulatory frameworks
should allow for adaptive management, where
regulatory authorities can adjust regulations and
permit conditions based on new scientific information
or changes in the environment.
Stakeholder Engagement: Regulatory frameworks
should prioritize engagement with stakeholders,
including local communities, indigenous peoples, and
environmental organizations, to ensure that their
perspectives and concerns are considered in decision-
making processes.
VI. Digital opportunity and job creation in
deep sea mining
Here is a few opportunities and job creation potential
in deep sea mining:
Economic Growth: Deep Sea mining has the
potential to stimulate economic growth, particularly
in developing countries that have significant seabed
mineral resources. This growth can be driven by
increased demand for minerals and associated
services, which can generate jobs and income.
Exploration and Surveying: Deep Sea mining
requires significant exploration and surveying
activities to identify mineral deposits and assess their
viability. These activities can create jobs in fields
such as geology, oceanography, and marine
engineering.
Mining Operations: Deep Sea mining operations
require a range of skills and expertise, including
mining engineering, environmental management, and
logistics. These operations can create a range of direct
and indirect job opportunities, including for local
communities.
Technology Development: Deep Sea mining
requires specialized technology and equipment, which
can drive innovation and create opportunities for
companies that specialize in these fields. This can
include the development of new materials, sensors,
and robotics technology.
Supply Chain: Deep Sea mining can create
opportunities throughout the supply chain, from
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mineral extraction and processing to transportation
and marketing. This can include jobs in shipping,
logistics, and marketing.
Research and Development: Deep Sea mining is a
relatively new industry, and ongoing research and
development are necessary to improve operational
efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. This
research can create opportunities for scientists and
engineers.
Local Employment: Deep Sea mining operations can
create job opportunities for local communities,
particularly in areas with high unemployment or
limited economic opportunities. These jobs can
include roles in logistics, catering, and other support
services.
Training and Education: Deep Sea mining requires
specialized skills and expertise, and training and
education programs can create opportunities for
individuals seeking to enter the industry. This can
include training in mining engineering, environmental
management, and marine biology.
Entrepreneurship: Deep Sea mining can create
opportunities for entrepreneurship, particularly in
fields such as technology development and supply
chain management. This can include opportunities for
small and medium-sized enterprises to develop new
products and services.
Collaboration: Deep Sea mining is a complex
industry that requires collaboration between a range
of stakeholders, including governments, mining
companies, and local communities. This collaboration
can create opportunities for partnerships and
knowledge-sharing, which can lead to job creation
and economic growth, and a more sustainable energy
future.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning
(ML): AI and ML technologies can be used to
analyze and interpret data from sensors and other
sources to optimize mining processes and increase
efficiency. Job roles in this area include AI and ML
specialists, software developers, and data analysts.
Overall, the adoption of digital technologies in deep
sea mining has the potential to create new job
opportunities, particularly in areas such as robotics,
data management, and AI/ML. However, it is also
important to ensure that these technologies are
developed and implemented responsibly and
sustainably, taking into account the potential
environmental and social impacts of deep-sea mining
operations.
VII. The STEM fields in the Study of the pros
and cons of deep-sea mining:
The study of the pros and cons of deep-sea mining in
the STEM fields involves evaluating the potential
benefits and drawbacks of deep-sea mining from a
scientific and technical perspective. STEM stands for
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics,
which are all fields that play a critical role in deep-sea
mining.
Pros of deep-sea mining from a STEM perspective
include:
Access to valuable minerals: The deep sea is
believed to contain significant reserves of minerals
such as copper, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth metals,
which are critical for a range of high-tech industries.
Scientific research: Deep-sea mining operations can
provide valuable opportunities for scientific research,
particularly in the areas of marine biology,
oceanography, and geology.
Technological advancements: The development of
new technologies for deep-sea mining can drive
innovation and advancements in STEM fields,
leading to discoveries and breakthroughs.
Cons of deep-sea mining from a STEM perspective
include:
Environmental impacts: Deep-sea mining
operations can have significant negative impacts on
the marine ecosystem, including disturbance of
marine habitats, destruction of marine biodiversity,
and alteration of ocean chemistry.
Technical challenges: Deep-sea mining presents
significant technical challenges, including working at
extreme depths, operating in harsh conditions, and
transporting minerals to the surface.
Cost and economic viability: Deep-sea mining
operations can be expensive, and it is unclear whether
the potential economic benefits will outweigh the
costs in the long term.
Overall, the STEM fields play a critical role in
understanding the potential benefits and drawbacks of
deep-sea mining. While there are potential benefits to
accessing valuable minerals and advancing scientific
research and technology, it is important to carefully
consider the potential environmental impacts and
technical challenges associated with deep-sea mining
operations. GIS-based suitability analysis can be a
useful tool for identifying areas that are most
appropriate for deep-sea mining [13].
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VIII. Merits of Formation of Expert Committee
on Regulation of deep-sea mining
Here are some of the merits of the formation of an
expert committee on the regulation of deep-sea
mining:
Purpose: The expert committee would be formed to
provide guidance and recommendations on the
development of regulations for deep-sea mining,
including environmental protection measures, safety
standards, and social and economic impacts.
Composition: The expert committee would be
composed of individuals with expertise in fields such
as marine biology, oceanography, mining
engineering, environmental law, and economics.
Members could be drawn from academia, industry,
government, and civil society organizations.
Scope: The expert committee's scope of work would
include conducting research and analysis on the
environmental, social, and economic impacts of deep-
sea mining, and developing recommendations for
regulations that would ensure the sustainable and
responsible management of deep-sea mineral
resources.
Methodology: The expert committee would use a
collaborative and interdisciplinary approach to
develop its recommendations, drawing on the
expertise of its members and engaging with
stakeholders from a range of sectors.
Reporting: The expert committee would be
responsible for producing reports and
recommendations on the regulation of deep-sea
mining, which would be submitted to relevant
government agencies, international organizations, and
other stakeholders.
Accountability: The expert committee would be
accountable to the relevant government agencies or
international organizations that commissioned its
work, and would be expected to operate in a
transparent and accountable manner.
Follow-up: Once the expert committee has completed
its work, its recommendations would need to be
reviewed and implemented by relevant government
agencies or international organizations, with ongoing
monitoring and evaluation to ensure that the
regulations are effective and responsive to changing
circumstances.
IX. Limitation and the minimize of pollution
and negative effects on the deep ocean in
respect of mining
Here are some ways to minimize pollution and
negative effects on the deep ocean in respect of
mining:
Develop and implement strict environmental
regulations: Governments and international
organizations can develop and enforce strict
environmental regulations that ensure responsible and
sustainable deep-sea mining practices.
Conduct thorough environmental impact
assessments: Before mining operations begin,
companies should conduct thorough environmental
impact assessments to understand the potential
impacts of mining activities on deep-sea ecosystems
and develop appropriate mitigation measures.
Develop new technologies: Scientists and engineers
can develop new technologies that enable more
precise and efficient mining operations, reducing the
amount of waste and pollution generated.
Adopt a circular economy approach: Mining
companies can adopt a circular economy approach,
where materials are recycled and reused rather than
discarded, reducing the need for new mining and
minimizing waste.
Engage with stakeholders: Governments, mining
companies, and other stakeholders can engage in
meaningful dialogue with local communities,
indigenous groups, and other stakeholders to ensure
that their concerns and perspectives are taken into
account.
Develop partnerships: Governments, mining
companies, and other stakeholders can develop
partnerships with conservation organizations,
research institutions, and other stakeholders to
promote responsible and sustainable deep-sea mining
practices.
Monitor and enforce regulations: Governments and
international organizations can monitor and enforce
environmental regulations to ensure that mining
activities are conducted responsibly and sustainably,
and take action against companies that violate
regulations or cause harm to the environment.
As technology continues to improve and costs come
down, these limitations will likely become less
significant over time.
X. Applications of Deep-Sea Mining
The applications of deep-sea mining include:
Production of minerals: Deep Sea mining can be
used to extract valuable minerals such as copper,
nickel, cobalt, and rare earth metals that are used in
high-tech industries such as electronics, renewable
energy, and electric vehicles. [15-24]
Energy production: The deep sea can be a potential
source of renewable energy through the development
of technologies such as deep-sea thermal energy
conversion and ocean thermal energy conversion.
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Scientific research: Deep Sea mining operations can
provide opportunities for scientific research in the
areas of marine biology, oceanography, and geology.
Underwater infrastructure: The deep sea can be
used as a location for the construction of underwater
infrastructure such as underwater cables and pipelines
for the transport of oil and gas.
Carbon capture and storage: The deep sea can be a
potential location for carbon capture and storage,
which involves capturing carbon dioxide from
industrial sources and storing it in geological
formations deep beneath the ocean floor.
Waste disposal: The deep sea can be a potential
location for the disposal of waste, including nuclear
waste, through the use of deep-sea disposal
technology.
Aquaculture: Deep Sea mining operations can also
create opportunities for the development of
sustainable aquaculture systems that can help to meet
global food demands.
In addition to fisheries, PNG is also believed to have
significant potential for deep-sea mining. The
country's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers a
vast area of the ocean and is believed to contain
valuable mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and
silver. The country has already granted exploration
licenses for deep sea mining to several companies,
and there is interest from others to explore the
potential of PNG's ocean resources.
XI. Conclusion
In conclusion, deep-sea mining has the potential to
provide valuable mineral resources, but it also poses
significant environmental risks. Any expansion of
deep-sea mining activities must be carried out
responsibly and sustainably, with a focus on
minimizing the environmental impact and ensuring
that adequate regulatory frameworks are in place to
protect the ocean and its ecosystems. GIS-based
suitability analysis can be a useful tool for identifying
areas that are most suitable for deep-sea mining or
other activities. By considering a range of factors that
affect suitability, this approach can help to minimize
environmental impact and ensure that activities are
conducted most responsibly and sustainably as
possible. Ultimately, the long-term sustainability of
deep sea mining will depend on a collaborative effort
between governments, industry, and civil society to
establish and enforce robust environmental
regulations, monitor and mitigate environmental
impacts, and promote responsible mining practices.
Only through such efforts can we ensure that deep-sea
mining is carried out in a way that benefits society
while preserving the health and vitality of our oceans
for future generations.
Acknowledgment
We are very thankful to Director DMSRDE, Kanpur
for permitting this work.
References
[1] Van Dover, Cindy Lee. "The ecology of deep-
sea hydrothermal vents." The Ecologyof Deep-
Sea Hydrothermal Vents. Princeton University
Press, 2021.
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