The document discusses the Tactile Internet, which will enable ultra-low latency interactions between humans and machines. It defines the Tactile Internet and its vision of enabling human reaction times for remote interactions. It outlines the architecture of the Tactile Internet, including the master, network and controlled domains. Finally, it discusses some applications like healthcare, gaming and infrastructure requirements like latency, reliability and edge computing to support the Tactile Internet.

1. MANISH YADAV
200011029018 MCA 2ND SE

2. CONTENT :-
• INTRODUCTION
• VISION OF TACTILE INTERNET
• DATA RATE AND LATENCY ON DIFFERENT NETWORK
• HISTORY
• REVOLUTIONARY LEAP OF THE TACTILE INTERNET
• ARCHITECTURE & COMPONENTS
• APPLICATION FIELDS
• INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRMENT

3.  INTRODUCTION
• The Mobile Internet connects people anywhere and allows for
voice services and the exchange of data and multimedia
content at any time
• Extremely low latency in combination with high availability,
reliability and security will define the character of the Tactile
Internet.
• The Internet of Things (IoT) connects devices, or objects, to
increase their efficiency by exploiting the potential of
networking. The next wave of innovation will create the Tactile
Internet.

4.  VISION OF TACTILE INTERNET
• Our senses allow us to perceive our environment and decide
whether to adapt ourselves to that environment or modify it.
• Human reaction times depend on the sensory stimulus and
whether the human is prepared or unprepared for the situation
(Figure 1). When reacting to a sudden, unforeseen incident, the
time-lag between a human sensing a stimulus and responding
with a muscular reaction is in the range of 1 second.

6. DATA RATE AND LATENCY ON DIFFERENT
NETWORK

7. HISTORY
• The term Tactile Internet was coined in early 2014 by Professor
GERHARD FETTWEIS from the Technical University of Dresden in
Germany.
• Its defined in August 2014 in its Technology Watch which
assesses new technologies with existing standards.
• The King college in London, is launched the 5G Tactile Internet
Lab in February 2016.

8.  REVOLUTIONARY LEAP OF THE TACTILE
INTERNET
• Mobile Internet infrastructure is typically used for transferring
content from A-to-B and is optimized for the transmission of static
or streaming content (e.g. e-mail, pictures, voice video). The round-
trip latency of communications over existing infrastructure is
sufficient for telephony, web browsing and videos with limited
resolution. IOT enables the interconnection of smart devices.
Typically, these devices are low-power, resource-constrained sensors
with limited functionality designed to transmit low-rate, latency-
tolerant data. The next evolutionary leap is the Tactile Internet. The
high availability and security, ultra-fast reaction times and carrier-
grade reliability of the Tactile Internet will add a new dimension to
human-to-machine interaction by enabling tactile and haptic
sensations. The professional digital infrastructure will similarly
revolutionize the interaction of machines.

10.  ARCHITECTURE & COMPONENTS
• The end-to-end architecture for the Tactile Internet can be
split in the three distinct domains.
Master Domain
Network Domain
Controlled Domain

12. MASTER DOMAIN
Usually consists of a
human(operator) and a
human system
interface(HSI).
Haptic device(robot) will
allow an operator to feel,
touch and manipulate the
objects in the real time.
NETWORK DOMAIN
It provide the medium for
the communication
between the Master
Domain and the
Controlled Domain
CONTROLLED
DOMAIN
Consists of a
teleoperator (robot) and
is directly controlled by
the master domain
through various
commands signals.

13.  APPLICATION FIELDS
•ROAD TRAFFIC
•GAMING
•HEALTHCARE
•VIRTUAL REALITY

14. ROAD TRAFFIC
• Road-traffic safety and efficiency are the main factors in sustainable
transport.
• We have already come to rely on vehicle sensors and driver-
assistance system to support us in arriving safely and comfortably at
our destination. Through communication – the data exchange among
vehicle (V2V communication) and with roadside infrastructure(V2I
communication). Existing communication systems, such as radio data
system , bear high latency at low position accuracy.
• Application for vehicle safety require a low end-to-end latency of
below 10milisecouds.

16. GAMING
• Games are designed for a primary purpose other then entertainment.
They combine fun with problem-solving challenges and goal-
oriented motivation for improvement.
• The end-to-end delay of communication system is a key factor
limiting between the player and games.
• The computation of a game’s behaviour(game play), including the
monitor’s delay and network delays, need to be less than 20 ms for a
frame rate of 50hz and 10 milisecond (ms) for a frame rate of 100
hertz.
• An end-to-end delay of 1ms is desirable for the computation of the
human’s interaction with high-quality visualization.

17. GAME IMAGE

18. IN HEALTHCARE
• Telesurgery (also known as remote surgery) is a technique for performing
surgery online on a patient by a physician through an electronic channel
without being physically present at his/her location. It can revolutionize
traditional healthcare by allowing the use of expertise and practice of
specialized physicians worldwide at any time [1]- [3]. The high prevalence of
coronavirus (Covid-19) is a clear example of the importance of
telemedicine/remote surgery. ...... Telesurgery is one of the most
recognized and obvious RT applications that depend on an acceptable
deadline hit ratio, end-to-end delay, and jitter. In telesurgery, the end-to-
end delay should be less than the human body reflex time [3], otherwise,
there may be a disruption in the telesurgical operation. It seems that the
main obstacle to the implementation of telesurgery is not its high cost, but
its dependency on network delay. .

20. VIRTUAL REALITY
• The virtual reality through the touch sense practices numerous
applications depending on the high level of accuracy which is a
few milliseconds latency between the virtual reality and the
users. The augmented reality can be shifted from immobile to
dynamic in Tactile Internet.
• It allows a real-time virtual view for the user, to identified and
avoided possible dangerous events

22.  INFRASTRUCTURE OF TACTILE INTERNET
• Latency and Reliability
In order to obtain 1-millisecond end-to-end latency of the Tactile
Internet, and thus a system response of 1 millisecond, it is important
to understand the chain between sensors and actuators
Beyond low end-to-end latency, high reliability of the entire system is
an important quality attribute of the Tactile Internet. Demands for the
highest possible reliability are associated with requirements for
realtime response. This will become clear, with all applications
addressed in this section requiring a reliable reception of rapidly
transmitted data.

24. SECURITY
• In today’s communications systems, a secure communication is
based on separating the encryption from the transmission
technology.
• For the Tactile Internet to provide securely transmitted data
with very low end-to-end latency, the security of
communications against eavesdroppers and attackers must be
embedded in the physical transmission. Suitable coding
techniques will ensure that only legitimate receivers are able to
process a secure message. The nature of a secure message is
such that an attacker cannot decode the data.

25. MOBILE EDGE-CLOUD
• Light travels 300 kilometers within 1 millisecond. The distance
between a control server and the point of tactile interaction can thus
be 150 kilometers, at most. This distance assumes no processing
delays in the communication path. When the signal-processing,
protocol-handling and switching delays are taken into account, it is
clear that the control server needs to be relatively close to the point
of tactile interaction.
• In order to achieve the high reliability of the Tactile Internet without
increasing latency, multiple transmissions over parallel
communication channels are required. Future operating systems of
the communications infrastructure will monitor and manage the
service quality of the communication