1) Statistical tests of significance involve comparing observed data to a claim or hypothesis to assess if it is true. A test calculates a p-value which indicates the probability the data agrees with the claim by chance. 2) Conducting a significance test involves stating the null and alternative hypotheses, selecting a significance level, finding the p-value, and comparing it to the significance level to determine if the null hypothesis can be rejected. 3) The Student's t-test can be used to assess if a sample mean is significantly different from a population mean or if two sample means from the same population are significantly different from each other. It involves calculating a t-value and comparing it to a table value.