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This document discusses the potential role of nanomaterials in green energy technologies. It provides examples of how nanomaterials could be used in lithium batteries, energy efficient lighting, and hydrogen storage. The document emphasizes that new or improved nanomaterials are key to enabling major advances in performance and cost reductions for technologies like lithium ion batteries and fuel cells. Controlling the properties of nanoparticles through mass production methods could enable transformative applications across many industries.
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into alternative clean sources of energy. To achieve the goal of a carbon neutral economy, the harvesting of
sunlight by using photocatalysts to split water into hydrogen and oxygen is an expedient approach to fulfill
the energy demand in a sustainable way along with reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Even though
the past few decades have witnessed intensive research into inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts, their
quantum efficiencies for hydrogen production from visible photons remain too low for the large scale
deployment of this technology. Visible light absorption and efficient charge separation are two key necessary
conditions for achieving the scalable production of hydrogen from water. Two-dimensional carbon based
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The document summarizes research on modifying the bandgap of n-TiO2 through carbon doping to enable its use in photoelectrochemical water splitting using visible light. Carbon-modified n-TiO2 (CM-n-TiO2) films were synthesized using spray pyrolysis. Increased carbon doping was achieved by calcining in inert atmosphere. CM-n-TiO2 exhibited photoresponse in the visible spectrum due to carbon doping reducing the bandgap and introducing an intragap band. This modified the band structure of n-TiO2 to extend utilization of solar energy into the visible region.
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This document discusses photocatalytic water purification technology. It explains that photocatalysis uses a semiconductor like titanium dioxide to create electron-hole pairs when exposed to light, which can then carry out oxidation and reduction reactions to break down pollutants in water. The most commonly used semiconductor is titanium dioxide because it is non-toxic. This technology has applications in water treatment plants and for degrading chemicals in wastewater from textile factories. It can also be used to treat water-soluble pesticides.
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The overwhelming challenge of depleting fossil fuels and anthropogenic carbon emissions has driven research
into alternative clean sources of energy. To achieve the goal of a carbon neutral economy, the harvesting of
sunlight by using photocatalysts to split water into hydrogen and oxygen is an expedient approach to fulfill
the energy demand in a sustainable way along with reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Even though
the past few decades have witnessed intensive research into inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts, their
quantum efficiencies for hydrogen production from visible photons remain too low for the large scale
deployment of this technology. Visible light absorption and efficient charge separation are two key necessary
conditions for achieving the scalable production of hydrogen from water. Two-dimensional carbon based
nanoscale materials such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nitride, modified 2D carbon
frameworks and their composites have emerged as potential photocatalysts due to their astonishing
properties such as superior charge transport, tunable energy levels and bandgaps, visible light absorption,
high surface area, easy processability, quantum confinement effects, and high photocatalytic quantum yields.
The feasibility of structural and chemical modification to optimize visible light absorption and charge
separation makes carbonaceous semiconductors promising candidates to convert solar energy into chemical
energy. In the present review, we have summarized the recent advances in 2D carbonaceous photocatalysts
with respect to physicochemical and photochemical tuning for solar light mediated hydrogen evolution
I ls in_dssc
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Role of photocatalysis in renewable energy.
Photocatalysis uses light energy to facilitate chemical reactions. Photocatalysts generate holes and electrons when exposed to light that can oxidize or reduce organic matter, breaking it down into carbon dioxide and water. Photocatalysis has applications in renewable energy production like hydrogen fuel from water splitting and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. It can also degrade organic dyes and pollutants in wastewater via generation of radical species during photocatalyst excitation. In conclusion, photocatalysis shows promise as a green technology using sunlight for environmental and energy applications.
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Abstract
The direct conversion of solar energy using a photocatalyst in a water splitting reaction is a source of a sustainable and clean hydrogen supply. In general, photocatalysts are semiconductors that possess valence and conduction bands. These energy bands permit the absorption of photon energy to excite electrons in the outer orbitals of the photocatalysts. Photoexcited electron and hole pairs can subsequently induce a watersplitting reaction to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Photocatalytic water splitting is affected by the band level and crystallinity of the photocatalyst. Therefore, band engineering using chemical modifications such as cationic and anionic modification could createa photocatalyst suitable for the large-scale production of hydrogen. In this paper, cationic and anionic modifications of photocatalysts and the effects of these modifications onphotocatalytic water splitting are reviewed. Keywords: Water splitting; Photocatalysis; Hydrogen
Photocatalytic reduction of CO2
The threat of global warming is high due to the extensive use of fossil fuels.Using non-renewable resources is a viable solution. Sunlight can be converted in two ways - into electrical energy and into chemical energy. Water splitting and CO2 are two important methods which can be used in solar cells.
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
ICWES15 - Preparation of Mesoporous Titania Photocatalyst for Water Treatment...
The document summarizes research into preparing mesoporous titania photocatalysts for water treatment applications. Key points include:
1) Titania has a wide band gap limiting photocatalysis to UV light and high electron-hole recombination rates, which the research aims to address.
2) The research involves controlling titania's composition, crystal phase, morphology through preparation methods to enhance photocatalytic activity under visible light.
3) Preliminary results found the porous titania prepared at pH 7.98 showed highest adsorption capacity while the sample at pH 11.58 exhibited maximum photocatalytic activity.
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Nanocatalysis and green chemistry prospects.
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CCUS in the USA: Activity, Prospects, and Academic Research - plenary presentation given by Alissa Park at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014CCU et les nouvelles molecules de la transition energetique | 2 fevrier 2021
Webinaire organisé par le pôle Greenwin et le cluster TWEED, lié aux nouvelles technologies émergentes du secteur énergétique, aux derniers développements au niveau du captage, du stockage et de la valorisation du CO2 (CCUS), ainsi qu'au rôle des nouvelles molécules de la transition énergétique.
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* Rationals behind CCUS and Direct Air Capture - Grégoire Leonard, Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Liège
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IRJET - Concept of Nano Fluid in Heat Transfer Applications: A Review
This document reviews the concept and applications of nanofluids in heat transfer. Nanofluids are fluids containing nanometer-sized solid particles that can enhance thermal conductivity and other properties. The document discusses how nanofluids can increase the efficiency of various thermal devices by increasing heat transfer rates. Specifically, it describes how nanofluids have been used to improve the performance of solar stills for desalination, heat exchangers, and solar collectors by increasing evaporation and heat transfer rates. The effectiveness of heat exchangers can be increased by 8% by using nanofluids instead of plain water as the cooling fluid. Overall, the document examines how nanofluids can lead to more effective utilization of energy and reduction of
Irjet v7 i4361
This document reviews the concept and applications of nanofluids in heat transfer. Nanofluids are fluids containing nanometer-sized solid particles that can enhance thermal conductivity and other properties of base fluids like water and ethylene glycol. The document discusses how nanofluids increase properties like thermal conductivity, density, heat capacity and viscosity compared to base fluids. It also reviews applications of nanofluids in improving efficiency of solar stills, heat exchangers, solar collectors and other thermal systems. For example, the use of nanofluids in solar stills can increase their efficiency and water production rate by over 50%. In heat exchangers, nanofluids increase effectiveness from around 40% to over 90% by enhancing heat
H2 & Emerging Technologies for sustainable energy - 20 mai 2020
Webinaire, organisé le 20 mai 2020, lié aux nouvelles technologies émergentes du secteur énergétique, dont l'hydrogène.
Programme et orateurs :
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La vidéo de cet événement est également disponible sur la chaîne Youtube du cluster TWEED.
Beyond Zero Carbon Housing - Robin Nicholson
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Introduction to Nanofluids as coolants
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Nanotechnology in Industries
Nanotechnology has wide applications across many industries such as food, agriculture, oil and gas, consumer goods, aerospace, chemicals, construction, biotechnology, electronics and energy. In the energy sector, nanotechnology can contribute to energy production through applications in solar energy like photovoltaics and hydrogen production, biofuels, and thermoelectricity. It can enable energy savings through applications like catalysis, advanced materials, and insulators. Nanotechnology may also transform energy distribution using quantum wires and support energy storage in areas like ultracapacitors and hydrogen storage. While offering benefits, nanotechnology risks need assessment regarding potential impacts of nanoparticles on human health through inhalation and ingestion and on the environment if released.
Catalysis role in enhancement of Hydrogen Storage properties of Nanomaterials
Rapid growth in population, increased standard of living has put the adverse effect on the environment due to the limited supply of fossil fuels, therefore the need of clean, sustainable and affordable fuel has been increased. These conditions has led to the continuous generation of H2 with very high purity over various range of pressures under mild conditions. The polymer-based organic microporous materials termed as Polymers of Intrinsic Micro porosity (PIMs) has emerged as one of selective gas separation membranes. We therefore will discuss and examine wide range of catalysts Nano-scale structure which can be subsequently used for the improvements in kinetics through Nano-scale solid state catalysis, the special properties of Nano-composites, and the role played by Nano-scale reactions.
Solar Fuels Technology
This document discusses solar-to-fuels technology for converting sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into liquid fuels like methanol. It outlines two approaches - a large-scale "XXL" version and a smaller-scale "S" version. The current focus is on developing the smaller-scale version through a pilot plant. Key challenges include efficiently capturing CO2, producing hydrogen from water, and converting those inputs into liquid fuels. The goal is to establish small community applications of the technology rather than relying on large infrastructure changes.
Ionic liquids on tecnalia
Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents are investigated for industrial applications due to their tunable properties and low toxicity. Tecnalia is researching recycling critical metals from waste using ionic liquid technology, including recovering cobalt and lanthanides from batteries using specialized ionic liquids. Ionic liquids allow for electrodeposition of aluminum and use as redox flow battery electrolytes. Deep eutectic solvents are easy to prepare and biodegradable, made by mixing hydrogen bond donors and acceptors to form low melting point mixtures. Capabilities include designing and characterizing these environmentally friendly solvents and investigating them with electroanalytical techniques for applications.
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Nanobiotechnology/Nanobiotechnology by Sara Ishaq
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale, between 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanobiotechnology applies nanotechnology to biological systems. It develops tools to study biological phenomena at the nanoscale. Some key applications of nanotechnology and nanoparticles include medicine for targeted drug delivery, electronics for smaller devices, energy like solar cells, and environmental areas like water filtration. Nanoparticles are synthesized using various methods and have properties dependent on their size. While nanotechnology provides advantages like improved materials and devices, concerns also exist around health and environmental effects of nanoparticles.
Nano in Civil Engineering
This document discusses the use of nanotechnology in civil engineering. It begins with an overview of nanoscale sizes and properties before discussing specific applications of nanomaterials like nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and nanofibers to improve the strength and durability of cement and concrete. It also describes how nanotechnology could enable production of corrosion-resistant steel, highly insulating materials, self-cleaning coatings, and more. The document then focuses on phase change materials enhanced with nano-silica for building energy efficiency. It presents research on developing and testing such a composite material. In conclusion, it acknowledges challenges in working with nanomaterials and describes a new nanotechnology research center established to support further work.
Hydrogen as fuel
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe but does not exist naturally on Earth. It has potential as a clean fuel for vehicles and devices. Currently it is mainly produced from methane, but can also be generated through electrolysis and other methods. Hydrogen is colorless, odorless and highly flammable. It can power vehicles and devices through combustion or in fuel cells, which generate electricity through electrochemical reactions with oxygen and have higher efficiency than combustion engines. Widespread use of hydrogen faces challenges including lack of infrastructure and need for cost reductions in production and fuel cells.
IRJET- Effect of Nano Fluid in Multi-Cylinder Four Stroke Petrol Engine: ...
This document reviews research on using nanofluids in automotive cooling systems. Nanofluids are fluids containing nanometer-sized particles that can enhance heat transfer properties compared to conventional fluids like water. The review finds that nanofluids made of particles like aluminum oxide, copper oxide, and titanium dioxide suspended in water can increase the thermal conductivity and cooling efficiency of engine radiators. Experimental studies show heat transfer improvement of up to 39% and negligible pressure drop increase when using nanofluids in radiators and heat exchangers. Overall, the literature indicates nanofluids have potential to improve cooling system performance and engine efficiency.
presentation on NANO-TECH REGENERATIVE FUEL CELL
This document describes a nano-tech regenerative fuel cell that uses carbon nanotubes for onboard hydrogen storage. Hydrogen is fed into a fuel cell where it reacts with oxygen to produce electricity and water. The water is then electrolyzed to regenerate hydrogen, making this a renewable system. Integrating nanotechnology allows for easier hydrogen storage and higher fuel cell efficiency compared to internal combustion engines. This nano-tech regenerative fuel cell provides a pollution-free way to power vehicles.
Hydrolysis of complex hydrides for hydrogen generation
The document discusses hydrolysis of complex hydrides for hydrogen generation. It summarizes different solid hydrides used for hydrolysis including metal hydrides like MgH2 and light metal complex hydrides like NaBH4, NH3BH3, and LiBH4. NaBH4 hydrolysis produces the highest gravimetric hydrogen density of 10.8 wt%. The document also discusses various catalysts used for hydrolysis including transition metals and noble metals. Key issues discussed are water handling during the reaction, maintaining catalytic activity over multiple cycles, and managing the heat generated by the exothermic hydrolysis reactions.
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Catalysis role in enhancement of Hydrogen Storage properties of Nanomaterials
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The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdf
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
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Katja Glaß
OpenStudyBuilder Community Manager - Katja Glaß Consulting
Marius Conjeaud
Principal Consultant - Neo4j
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-Efficiency
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation Parameters
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Choosing The Best AWS Service For Your Website + API.pptx
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
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T Mays Presentation - Think Small Event
- 1. Think Small 20 April 2010 Nanomaterials for Green Energy Tim Mays ( t.j.mays@bath.ac.uk ) Department of Chemical Engineering
- 2. A core element of energy policy must be to ensure the provision of sustainable, secure and safe heat and power for everyone
- 3. Scope Some examples of nanomaterials for green energy: • batteries • energy efficient lighting • hydrogen storage
- 7. Li Batteries: Portable Revolution • Energy density small & light • Over 2 billion cells per year • Fundamental science (1980s) SONY cell (1991)
- 8. Low Carbon Transport: HEVs & Li Batteries? “Materials Challenge” New or improved materials are key to major advances: performance, cost
- 9. Energy Storage: lithium battery Charge Li+ Discharge Li+ - conducting LixCoO2 cathode electrolyte Graphite anode Hybrid TRANSPORT ~30%+ CO2 emissions 87% cleaner
- 10. New or Improved Materials: Key to major advances “Spinel” “Layered” “Olivine” LiMn2O4 Li(Mn,Ni)O2 LiFePO4 Structure-property relationships: atomic-scale insight into Li transport, defects, dopants & surfaces
- 11. New LiFePO4 Cathode Scale-up Defect chem? Li+ transport ? Doping: Zr,Nb? Blue: PO4 Yellow: FeO6
- 12. LiFePO4: Li Diffusion Path? [010] channel (0.55eV) & curved path [010] [100] Li FeO6 octahedra PO4 tetrahedra Chem. Mater (2005)
- 13. M Saiful Islam Department of Chemistry
- 14. Nanoparticle Factory-on-a-Chip Vision: ‘Large scale production of nanoparticles with controllable and reproducible characteristics will lead to a radical shift in all manufacturing sectors …’ (RAEng/Royal Soc., 2004) Methodology: Forcing water through a nanoporous membrane into an immiscible solvent produces nanodroplets, which are then converted into nanoparticles, with control over particle shape, size and properties: organic solvent water 10 nm nanoporous alumina membranes nanoparticles have billions of pores per cm2. organic L2 solvent Large scale manufacturing of water L1 nanoparticles with controllable and reproducible properties.
- 15. Nanoparticles are currently used in many applications (fuel cells, sun-blocking creams, solar panels, fuel additives…) but transformative developments are hindered by the lack of methods to produce large quantities of nanoparticles with controllable and reproducible properties. One example of what will be possible to achieve with better nanoparticle property control: © Benoit Dubertret, 2004 Diameter (nm) Lighting fixtures based on quantum dot nanoparticles are 20-30 % more efficient that fluorescent bulbs and do not contain harmful chemicals. Prototype quantum dot-based displays are already more efficient than conventional LCD displays. Today they are made in batches of a few milligrams at a time, against projected market demand of three tonnes per year by 2012! (The Economist, 04/03/2010; data from Coe-Sullivan, Nature Photonics, 3, 315-316, 2009 )
- 17. Davide Mattia Department of Chemical Engineering
- 19. Hydrogen energy hydrogen + oxygen → water + energy 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O energy = 120 - 142 MJ/kg heat (combustion) = 1.23 V electrical potential + 24 MJ/kg heat (fuel cell) + TE NO Only material product of above reaction is water Compare: hydrocarbon + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide + … A lot of energy per unit mass of hydrogen Compare: 40-55 MJ/kg for combustion of hydrocarbons TE NO
- 20. Basic principles of hydrogen energy systems Ein time / location Eout energy produce store / energy in hydrogen distribute out electricity liquid hydrogen combustion water heat high-pressure gas fuel cell biomass light chemical storage fossil fuels radiation porous solids 2H2+O2 → 2H2O many available many available H2 easier to store no CO2 at sources of sources of than many energy point of use energy H2 forms
- 22. Hydrogen storage technologies
- 23. Nanopores Mays, Stud Surf Sci Catal 160 (2006) 57 Familiar nanoporous materials
- 25. A core element of energy policy must be to ensure the provision of sustainable, secure and safe heat and power for everyone Nanomaterials will have an important role in future low carbon energy technologies