This document analyzed data from a study on the nutritional status of children ages 5-10 years old and the knowledge and practices of their mothers in rural Magway Region, Myanmar. Several key findings are presented in tables: - Over 70% of mothers had low or median knowledge levels about nutrition. - The prevalence of malnutrition was 7.7% in children under 1 year old, 6.7% in children 1-3 years old, and 6.2% in children under 3 years old. - Relationships were found between the nutritional status of children and factors like the age, education level, income, and occupation of the mothers. Children of mothers with higher education and income levels generally had lower

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. • Nutrition may be defined as the science of
food and its relationship to health.
• Concerned primarily with the part played by
nutrients in body growth.
• Nutritional status is a measurement of how
will the nutrients in diet are meeting the
physiologic needs of human body.
• About 200 million children suffer from
malnutrition and 2 billion people suffer from
micronutrient deficiencies.
4

5. • Malnutrition refers to insufficient, excessive,
or imbalanced consumption of nutrients.
• Child malnutrition is the most pressing
problem of the world, damaging both children
and the nations.
5

6. • Nutrition is the focal point of health and well-
being.
• Nutrition is directly linked to human resource
development, productivity and ultimately to
the national growth.
• In Myanmar, the study of nutritional status
among under 5 years children and knowledge,
attitude and practice of their mother in
Daungnay RHC in Magway region
71.7 % of mother had low knowledge
19.3 % of mothers had median knowledge
9 % of mothers had high knowledge level
6

7. • In 2003 , 25 township of Magway region were
448 ( 0.8 % ) low birth weight children of 54828
7.7 % of malnutrition in under one year
children
6.7 % malnutrition in age group of 1-3 years
6.2 % malnutrition in under three years
0.5 % severe malnutrition in age of under 3
years children.
7

8. • Nutrition is one the essential factors for health.
• Nutrition problem is major public health problem
of community not only in Myanmar but also in
the world.
• Children are the future of the nation.
• Therefore, child health has become a growing
world wide concern.
• All form of children malnutrition are closely
associated with their care takers(mostly mother).
8

9. • Mothers education, knowledge level and feeding
practice which concerned with nutrition are very
important.
• This study attempt to explore the nutritional
status of children and also to estimate
knowledge and practice on nutrition among their
mothers in rural areas.
• Information on nutritional status of children and
associated factors gained from this study may be
useful as an effective tool to improve the
nutritional status of children.
9

10. • General objective
–To study nutritional status of 5 - 10 years
children and knowledge and practice on
nutrition among their mothers in Magway
Region, 2013.
• Specific objectives
–To describe socio-demographic characteristics
of 5 - 10 years children and their family
–To assess the nutritional status of 5 - 10 years
children by measuring weight and height
–To determine the knowledge and practice on
nutrition among their mothers 10

11. - To determine the relationship of between some
socio – demographic characteristics, nutritional
status of 5 – 10 years children and the
knowledge on nutrition among their mothers.
11

12. Socio-economic status
- Education
- Occupation
- Family income
Maternal
Knowledge
On nutrition
Environmental
Sanitation
- water supply
- refuse disposal
- excreta disposal
Health status of children
- previous history of illness
- immunization
- deworming
- personal hygiene
Maternal practice
on nutrition
Nutritional status of 5-10 years old children
12

13. 4.1 Study design
A community based cross – sectional descriptive
study was conducted.
4.2 Study area
This study conducted in Magway Region.
4.3 Study period
Study period was conducted from February to
March, 2013.
4.4 Study population
The study population was the children age of 5-
10 years and their mothers who have been residing
13

14. 4.5 Sample size determination
Sample size calculated by using the following
formula.
n = p q x ( z α / d ) 2
n = 0.5 x ( 0.5 ) ( 1.96 / 0.05 )2
= 384.16 ( nearly 400 )
n = minimum required sample size
z = reliability coefficient ( 95 %
confidence
p = anticipated population ( p = 0.05 )
q = ( 1 – p )
d = required size of marginal error
( absolute precision 5 % point ) 14

15. • 4.6 Sampling method and procedure
• Simple random sampling method.
• children 5-10 years were obtained from the
responsible midwife and to collect the children of 5-
10 years.
• more than one index mother of 5 - 10 years
children per household, one was selected by lottery
method.
• more than one illegible child per mother, mother
was asked the last.
15

16. 4.7 Data collection method and procedure
• by face to face interview with semi structured
questionnaires
• Knowledge of mothers about nutrition was assessed
by scoring system.
4.8 Instruments for data collection
Semi structured questionnaires was used.
16

17. 4.9 Data processing and analysis
• Data entry and analysis was conducted by
manually by data master sheet and Statistical
Package for social science ( SPSS ) version 15.0
• Calculate frequencies and chi-square analysis.
• The result was considered as statistically
significant if p value ( p <0.05 ).
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18. 4.10 Ethnical considerations
• The general objective of the study, procedure
and confidentiality was explained to the study
participants before enrolling the, in the study.
• A verbal informed consent was obtained from
involved mothers.
18

19. We were studied the nutritional status of 5-10
years children and knowledge and practice of mothers
in rural areas in Magway Region. We found the data
about nutritional status showed by the following
tables.
Table ( 1 ) Frequency and percent distribution for age group of
mothers
Sr.
No
Age group of
mothers
Frequency Percent
1
2
=< 35
> 35
186
234
44.3
55.7
3 Total 420 100.019

20. Table ( 2 ) Frequency and percent distribution for marital
status of mothers
Table ( 3 ) Frequency and percent distribution for education
group of mothers
Sr.
No
Marital status Frequency Percent
1
2
3
Married
Separated
Divorced
411
4
5
97
1.0
1.2
4 Total 420 100.0
Sr.
No
Education group of mothers Frequency Percent
1
2
3
Low
Medium
High
105
195
120
25.0
46.4
28.6
4 Total 420 100.0
20

21. Table ( 4 ) Frequency and percent distribution for occupation
group of mothers
Table ( 5 ) Frequency and percent distribution for type of
family
Sr.No
Occupation group of
mothers
Frequency Percent
1 dependence 149 35.5
2 farmer 150 35.7
3 non-farmer 121 28.8
4 Total 420 100
Sr.
No Type of family Frequency Percent
1 nuclear family 295 70.2
2 joint/extented family 50 11.9
3 three generation family 75 17.9
4 Total 420 100
21

22. Table ( 6 ) Frequency and percent distribution number of
family member
Table ( 7 ) Frequency and percent distribution for income
group of mothers
Sr.
No
No. of family
member
Frequency Percent
1 <=5 265 63.1
2 > 5 155 36.9
3 Total 420 100
Sr.
No
Income group Frequency Percent
1 < 50000 138 32.9
2 50000 - 100000 233 55.5
3 > 100000 49 11.7
4 Total 420 100 22

23. Table ( 8 ) Frequency and percent distribution for age of
children
Sr.
No
Age in completed
years
Frequency Percent
1 5 58 13.8
2 6 89 21.2
3 7 78 18.6
4 8 73 17.4
5 9 73 17.4
6 10 49 11.7
7 Total 420 100
23

24. Table( 9 ) Frequency and percent distribution for sex of
children
Sr.
No
Sex of children
Frequency Percent
1 Male 230 54.8
2 Female 190 45.2
3 Total 420 100
24

25. Table ( 10 ) Frequency and percent distribution for education
level of children
Sr.
No
Edudcation level of
children
Frequency Percent
1 Not attended 27 6.4
2 Grade 1 113 26.9
3 Grade 2 73 17.4
4 Grade 3 95 22.6
5 Grade 4 62 14.8
6 Grade 5 50 11.9
7 Total 420 100
25

26. Table ( 11 ) Frequency and percent distribution of weight for
age of children
Sr.
No
Weight for age Frequency Percent
1 Normal 27 61.7
2
Mild to moderate
malnutrition
113 24.3
3 Severe malnutrition 73 14
4 Total 420 100
26

27. Table ( 12 ) Frequency and percent distribution of height for
age of children
Table ( 13 ) Frequency and percent distribution for
knowledge score group of mothers
Sr.
No
Height for age Frequency Percent
1 Normal 349 83.1
2 Stunning 71 16.9
3 Total 420 100
Sr. No
knowledge score
group
Frequency Percent
1 <= 6 ( low ) 343 81.7
2 > 6 ( high ) 77 18.3
3 Total 420 100
27

28. Table ( 14 ) Frequency and percent distribution of condition
for practice of mothers and nutritional status of their
children
Yes No
1 using iodized salted
243
57.9 %
177
42.1 %
420 100
%
2
Did deworming to
child regularly
352
83.8 %
68 16.2
%
420
100 %
3
Feeding Vit A to
child
402
95.7 %
18
4.3 %
420 100
%
Sr.
No
Frequency
Percent
28

29. Table ( 15 ) Frequency and percent distribution of condition
for personal hygiene of mothers and their children
always sometimes never
1
Wash child`s hand
b/f meal ?
244 58.1
%
152 36.7
%
24 5.7
%
420 100
%
2
Cut the nails of
child regularly ?
315 75.0
%
103 24.5
%
2 0.5
%
420
100 %
3
Child wear the
shoes regularly ?
258
61.4 %
137 32.6
%
25 6.0
%
420 100
%
4
Drink boiled water
?
82
19.5 %
243 57.9
%
95
22.6 %
420 100
%
5
Wash child`s hand
a/f defication
regularly ?
243
57.9 %
159 37.9
%
18 4.2
%
420 100
%
Practice of
mothers
Sr.
No
Percent
Frequency
29

30. Table ( 16 ) Frequency and percent distribution of type of
water supply
1 Shallow well 71 16.9
2 Tube well 52 12.4
3
Public water
supply
297 70.7
4 Total 420 100
Type of water
supply
Sr.
No
PercentFrequency
30

31. Table ( 17 ) Frequency and percent distribution of type of
latrine
1 Pit latrine 36 8.6
2
Sanitary fly proof
latrine
369 87.8
3 Surface latrine 15 3.6
4 Total 420 100
Type of latrine do
you use
Sr.
No
PercentFrequency
31

32. Table ( 18 ) Frequency and percent distribution of type of
refuse disposal
1 Dumping 10 2.4
2 Burning 163 38.8
3 Manual pit 247 58.8
4 Total 420 100
Type of refuse
disposal do you
use
Sr.
No
PercentFrequency
32

33. Table ( 19 ) Frequency and percent distribution for feeding
pattern of children per week
None 1 - 3 times 4 -7 times
1 Meat 4 314 102
2 Fishes 17 256 147
3 Eggs 26 209 185
4 Wheat 333 64 23
5 Vegetables 4 40 376
Type of food
Sr.
No
Feeding by weekly
33

34. Table ( 20 ) Relationship between age group of mothers and
weight for age of children
Normal
weight
Mild to
moderate
malnutrition
Severe
malnutritio
n
1 <=35
122
65.6%
62
33.3%
2
1.1%
186
100.0%
2 >35
140
59.8%
90
38.5%
4
1.7%
234
100.0%
3 Total
262
62.4%
152
36.2%
6
1.4%
420
100.0%
Age group of
mothers ( years )
Sr.
No
Weight for age of children
Total
34

35. Table ( 21 ) Relationship between education group of
mothers and weight for age of children
Normal
Mild to
moderate
malnutrition
Severe
malnutrition
1 Low
66
65.6 %
25
23.8 %
14
13.3 %
105
100.0 %
2 Medium
112
57.4 %
53
27.2 %
30
15.4 %
159
100.0 %
3 High
81
67.5 %
24
20.0 %
15
12.5 %
120
100.0 %
4 Total
259
61.7 %
102
24.3 %
59
14.0 %
420
100 %
Education group
of mothers
Sr.
No
Weight for age of children
Total
35

36. Table ( 22 )Relationship between income group of mothers
and weight for age of children
Normal
Mild to
moderate
malnutrition
Severe
malnutrition
1 < 50000
83
60.1 %
55
39.9 %
2
1.1 %
138
100.0 %
2 50000 - 100000
153
65.7 %
75
32.2 %
5
2.1 %
233
100.0 %
3 > 100000
26
53.1 %
22
44.9 %
1
2.0 %
49
100.0 %
4 Total
262
62.4 %
152
36.2 %
6
1.4 %
420
100 %
Income group of
mothers
Sr.
No
Weight for age of children
Total
36

37. Table ( 23 ) Relationship between occupation group of
mothers and weight for age of children
Normal
Mild to
moderate
malnutrition
Severe
malnutrition
1 Dependence
111
74.5 %
17
11.4 %
21
14.1 %
149
100.0 %
2 Farmer
83
55.3 %
48
32.0 %
19
12.7 %
150
100.0 %
3 Non-farmer
65
53.7 %
37
30.6 %
19
15.7 %
121
100.0 %
4 Total
259
61.7 %
102
24.3 %
59
14.0 %
420
100 %
Occupation
group of
mothers
Sr.
No
Weight for age of children
Total
37

38. Table ( 24 ) Relationship between knowledge score group of
mother and weight for age of children
Normal
Mild to
moderate
malnutrition
Severe
malnutrition
1 <= 6
216
60.2 %
92
25.6 %
51
14.2 %
359
100.0 %
2 > 6
43
70.5 %
10
16.4 %
8
13.1 %
61
100.0 %
3 Total
259
61.7 %
102
24.3 %
59
14.0 %
420
100 %
Knowledge
score group of
mothers
Sr.
No
Weight for age of children
Total
38

39. Table ( 25 ) Relationship between age group of mothers and
height for age of children
Normal Stunning
1 <= 35
157
84.4 %
29
15.6 %
186
100.0 %
2 > 35
192
82.1 %
42
17.9 %
234
100.0 %
3 Total
349
83.1 %
71
16.9 %
420
100 %
Age group of
mothers
Sr.
No
Height for age of children
Total
39

40. Table ( 26 ) Relationship between education of mothers
group and height for age of children
Normal Stunning
1 Low
88
83.8 %
17
16.2 %
105
100.0 %
2 Medium
161
82.6 %
34
17.4 %
195
100.0 %
3 High
100
83.3 %
20
16.7 %
120
100 %
4 Total
349
83.1 %
71
16.9 %
420
100 %
Education group
of mothers
Sr.
No
Height for age of children
Total
40

41. Table ( 27 ) Relationship between income group of mothers
and height for age of children
Normal Stunning
1 < 50000
111
80.4 %
27
19.6 %
138
100.0 %
2 50000 - 100000
201
86.3 %
32
13.7 %
233
100.0 %
3 > 100000
37
75.5 %
12
24.5 %
49
100 %
4 Total
349
83.1 %
71
16.9 %
420
100 %
Income group of
mothers
Sr.
No
Height for age of children
Total
41

42. Table ( 28 ) Relationship between occupation group of
mothers and height for age of children
Normal Stunning
1 Dependence
130
87.2 %
19
12.8 %
149
100.0 %
2 Farmer
127
84.7 %
23
15.3 %
150
100.0 %
3 Non - farmer
92
76.0 %
29
24.0 %
121
100 %
4 Total
349
83.1 %
71
16.9 %
420
100 %
Occupation
group of
mothers
Sr.
No
Height for age of children
Total
42

43. Table ( 29 ) Relationship between knowledge score group of
mothers and height for age of children
Normal Stunning
1 <= 6
298
83.0 %
61
17.0 %
359
100.0 %
2 > 6
51
83.6 %
10
16.4 %
61
100.0 %
4 Total
349
83.1 %
71
16.9 %
420
100 %
Knowledge
score group of
mothers
Sr.
No
Height for age of children
Total
43

44. The aim of the study was to determine the
nutritional status of ( 5 - 10 ) years children and also
knowledge and practice of mother concerned with
nutrition.
In our study ,
most of the care takers are the age of > 35 years
( 55.7 % )
( 25.0 % ) of the mother were low education and
( 46.0 % ) of mothers were median education level
less than 50000 kyats per month ( 32.9 %) and
50000-100000 kyats per month ( 5.5 % ) was the most
44

45. Family type ( 70.2% ). Total number of family
member, 265 ( 63.1 % ) of the family had < 5 family
members and 155 (36.9 %) of the family had > 5
family member.
Nutrition status of children
( 14.0 % ) were severe malnutrition
( 24.3 % ) were mild to moderate malnutrition and
( 61.7 % ) were normal
Normal height for age was ( 83.1 % ) and stunning
was ( 16.9 % ).
45

46. The study was carried out with the objectives of
nutritional status of 5 - 10 years children and practice
of their mothers on nutrition. A total population of
420, 5 - 10 years children were studied on nutritional
status using exploratory cross-sectional descriptive
study design from 1 . 2 . 2013 to 28 . 3 . 2013 in rural
areas in Magway region. The subjects were selected
by the simple random sampling and weighing the
children by bath room scale and asking the mothers
with structured questionnaires form.
46

47. In our study, prevalence of malnutrition among
5 - 10 years children were ( 24.3 % ) is mild to
moderate malnutrition, ( 14.0 % ) is severe
malnutrition and ( 61.7 % ) is normal nutritional
status.
According to height for age of children,( 81.1 % )
were normal and ( 16.9 % ) were stunning.
There is no significantly association between
occupation of mothers and weight for age and height
for age of children.
There is no significantly association between
knowledge score group of mothers and weight for age
and height for age of children. 47

48. 1 . Should to be raised assessment of child weight
and regular reporting for promotion of nutritional
status of children and to receive early diagnosis and
prompt treatment.
2 . Should to improved the educational status of
mothers in rural areas in Magway region, in the
provision of nutritional counseling about proper type
of wearing food, malnutrition diseases, nutritive value
of locally available foods.
3 . Should to be given health education to mothers
about how to child care.
48

49. 4 . Should to be educated mothers finely about food
habits for change mother’s attitude, traditional
culture, and belief, etc.
5 . Should to be encouraged birth spacing in the
family. Birth spacing may decrease family size and so
may reduce malnutrition.
49

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