This document discusses a study on determining severe acute malnutrition and managing children under 59 months in the Theni District of Tamil Nadu, India. The study analyzed 138 malnourished children between July 2012 and January 2013. It found high rates of malnutrition in female children and children cared for by mothers. Many common signs of malnutrition were observed including myopia, metropia, xerophthalmia, Bitot's spots, gum bleeding, and angular stomatitis. The study provided nutritional supplementation and found improvement in many symptoms over multiple visits from 1 to 3 months.
A Longitudinal Study On Feeding Practices And Morbidity Patterns Of Infants I...iosrjce
Background: Feeding practices and illnesses during infancy are of critical importance for growth and
development of children .Though several programs have been implemented by WHO and UNICEF to improve
the health status of newborn and infant, child morbidity and mortality rates in rural area are still higher
compared to urban areas in India.
Objective: To assess the feeding practices and morbidity patterns of infants in a rural field practice area .
Methodology: A longitudinal study was undertaken in field practice area under community medicine
Department, Guntur from Jan 2013 to march 2014.A birth cohort of hundred children born during first 3
months of study period were assessed and followed up till they attained 1year age .Data collected on feeding
practices ,infant illnesses and socio-demographic factors.
Results: The incidence of episodes of morbidity was 2.78 per infant per year. Respiratory Tract Infections are
most common observed illness followed by diarrhea .Majority of the mothers (90%)
Were given colostrum ,50% were breast fed their babies with in 1 hour of delivery,60% were given
EBF(Exclusive Breast Feeding ). The illnesses are less common in first 6 months of infancy compared to
letter half of life .A Significant association between feeding practices and morbidities
Conclusion: Hence focusing education on faulty feeding practices and implementation of IMNCI(integrated
management of newborn and childhood illnesses ) at gross root level by health workers need to be emphasized
The study identified 11 factors that contribute to stunting in children under 5 years old in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The strongest associated factor was complications during pregnancy like intrauterine growth restriction. Other significant factors included mid-parental height less than 150cm, low household income, low birth weight, use of pacifiers, lower maternal education, unemployed fathers, anemia in children, bottle feeding, lack of minimum dietary diversity, and care by babysitters. Addressing these maternal, socioeconomic, childcare and nutritional factors through community interventions and policies could help reduce the high prevalence of stunting in Putrajaya.
Patterns and determinants of breast feeding among mother infant pairs in dera...Zubia Qureshi
Background: Proper breastfeeding practices are effective ways for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. The objective of the present study was to determine the patterns and explore the determinants associated with breast feeding practices among the nursing women in Dera Ghazi Khan. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on randomly selected lactating mother infant pairs in Dera Ghazi Khan. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Analysis was done by using SPSS, chi square test was applied to see the association between breast feeding practices and its determinants such as knowledge of breast feeding practices. Results: Majority 372 (93%) of mothers mentioned that they had ever breastfed the youngest child. About 292 (73%) mothers gave colostrum to the child, and 48 (12%) exclusively breastfed. Weaning babies before four month of age was practiced by 84 (21%) of the mothers, 120 (55%) mothers started weaning at 4-6 months of child age, while 72 (18%) started to give additional food after baby turned six months old. Out of total 276 (69%) mothers reported that they had knowledge regarding breast feeding. Significant association was found between knowledge of breastfeeding and initiation and Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) practices (p-values <0.05). Income, family type, mode of delivery and assistance for child were significantly associated with initiation of breastfeeding within one hour after birth (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Breast feeding practices in the studied area were not up to the mark. There is a strong need to improve the breastfeeding practices by Behavior Change Communication. Keywords: Breast feeding; Early initiation; Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF); Colostrum; Supplementary feeding; Infants
A STUDY OF THE PERCEPTION ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS ...edianbiir
This document presents a study on the perception of exclusive breastfeeding among postnatal mothers at Legon Hospital in Ghana. It provides background information on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for six months and highlights breastfeeding rates in Ghana. While nearly all Ghanaian mothers initiate breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding rates drop significantly after the first few months. The study aims to address the lack of record keeping on exclusive breastfeeding and mother support groups at Legon Hospital.
Factors influencing the practice of exclusive breast feeding in rural communi...Alexander Decker
This study aimed to identify factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in rural communities in Osun State, Nigeria. The study surveyed 480 nursing mothers across 5 communities. It found that only 20% of respondents practiced exclusive breastfeeding, while 80% did not. Factors found to significantly influence breastfeeding practices included: the mother's age, marital status, occupation, family income, education, and number of children. Mothers with higher incomes, education, and older/more experienced mothers were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding. The study concluded that health workers need to address cultural barriers through education to promote exclusive breastfeeding among rural women.
ABSTRACT- Background: Malnutrition constitutes a major public health concern worldwide and serves as an indicator
of hospitalized patient’s prognosis. Nutritional support is an essential aspect of the clinical management of children
admitted to hospital. Malnutrition has been long associated with poor quality, poor diet and inadequate access to health
care, and it remains a key global health issue that both stems from and contributes to weakness, with 50% of childhood
deaths due to principal under nutrition.
Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in April to Dec 2015 among 300 rural
adolescents of 9-18 years age (146 boys and 154 girls) attending the outpatient department at Patna Medical College and
Hospital, Bihar, India, belonging to the all caste communities. The nutritional status was assessed in terms of under
nutrition (weight-for-age below 3rd percentile), stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age
below 5th percentile). Diseases were accepted as such as diagnosed by pediatrician, skin specialist and medical officer.
Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were found to be 31%, 22.3% and 30.7% respectively. The
maximum prevalence of malnutrition was observed among early adolescents (23% - 54%) and the most common
morbidities were diarrhoea (16.7%), carbuncle / furuncle (16.7%) and scabies (12%).
Conclusion: Malnutrition among hospitalized under five children and around suffers moderately high rates of
malnutrition. Present nutrition programs attention on education for at risk children and referral to regional hospitals for
malnourished children. Screening tools to classify children at risk of developing malnutrition might be helpful.
Key-words- Malnutrition, Hospitalized children, Morbidities, Prevalence, Stunting
This document summarizes a study that examined mothers' actions and treatment preferences for febrile illnesses in under-five-year-old children in Osun State, Nigeria. 150 mothers of febrile children across 7 health institutions participated in interviews. Results showed that most mothers took initial home care and bought drugs from chemists as a first response. While fever prompted treatment, many mothers lacked knowledge of proper drug dosages. Treatment preferences increased from herbs to chemists to hospitals as lines of treatment. Mothers with lower education were more likely to use herbs initially. The study concluded that training is needed for mothers on appropriate drug use and treatment of febrile illnesses in children.
“Morbidity profile of children [6-11 years] attending Municipal Corporation P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
A Longitudinal Study On Feeding Practices And Morbidity Patterns Of Infants I...iosrjce
Background: Feeding practices and illnesses during infancy are of critical importance for growth and
development of children .Though several programs have been implemented by WHO and UNICEF to improve
the health status of newborn and infant, child morbidity and mortality rates in rural area are still higher
compared to urban areas in India.
Objective: To assess the feeding practices and morbidity patterns of infants in a rural field practice area .
Methodology: A longitudinal study was undertaken in field practice area under community medicine
Department, Guntur from Jan 2013 to march 2014.A birth cohort of hundred children born during first 3
months of study period were assessed and followed up till they attained 1year age .Data collected on feeding
practices ,infant illnesses and socio-demographic factors.
Results: The incidence of episodes of morbidity was 2.78 per infant per year. Respiratory Tract Infections are
most common observed illness followed by diarrhea .Majority of the mothers (90%)
Were given colostrum ,50% were breast fed their babies with in 1 hour of delivery,60% were given
EBF(Exclusive Breast Feeding ). The illnesses are less common in first 6 months of infancy compared to
letter half of life .A Significant association between feeding practices and morbidities
Conclusion: Hence focusing education on faulty feeding practices and implementation of IMNCI(integrated
management of newborn and childhood illnesses ) at gross root level by health workers need to be emphasized
The study identified 11 factors that contribute to stunting in children under 5 years old in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The strongest associated factor was complications during pregnancy like intrauterine growth restriction. Other significant factors included mid-parental height less than 150cm, low household income, low birth weight, use of pacifiers, lower maternal education, unemployed fathers, anemia in children, bottle feeding, lack of minimum dietary diversity, and care by babysitters. Addressing these maternal, socioeconomic, childcare and nutritional factors through community interventions and policies could help reduce the high prevalence of stunting in Putrajaya.
Patterns and determinants of breast feeding among mother infant pairs in dera...Zubia Qureshi
Background: Proper breastfeeding practices are effective ways for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. The objective of the present study was to determine the patterns and explore the determinants associated with breast feeding practices among the nursing women in Dera Ghazi Khan. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on randomly selected lactating mother infant pairs in Dera Ghazi Khan. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Analysis was done by using SPSS, chi square test was applied to see the association between breast feeding practices and its determinants such as knowledge of breast feeding practices. Results: Majority 372 (93%) of mothers mentioned that they had ever breastfed the youngest child. About 292 (73%) mothers gave colostrum to the child, and 48 (12%) exclusively breastfed. Weaning babies before four month of age was practiced by 84 (21%) of the mothers, 120 (55%) mothers started weaning at 4-6 months of child age, while 72 (18%) started to give additional food after baby turned six months old. Out of total 276 (69%) mothers reported that they had knowledge regarding breast feeding. Significant association was found between knowledge of breastfeeding and initiation and Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) practices (p-values <0.05). Income, family type, mode of delivery and assistance for child were significantly associated with initiation of breastfeeding within one hour after birth (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Breast feeding practices in the studied area were not up to the mark. There is a strong need to improve the breastfeeding practices by Behavior Change Communication. Keywords: Breast feeding; Early initiation; Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF); Colostrum; Supplementary feeding; Infants
A STUDY OF THE PERCEPTION ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS ...edianbiir
This document presents a study on the perception of exclusive breastfeeding among postnatal mothers at Legon Hospital in Ghana. It provides background information on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for six months and highlights breastfeeding rates in Ghana. While nearly all Ghanaian mothers initiate breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding rates drop significantly after the first few months. The study aims to address the lack of record keeping on exclusive breastfeeding and mother support groups at Legon Hospital.
Factors influencing the practice of exclusive breast feeding in rural communi...Alexander Decker
This study aimed to identify factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in rural communities in Osun State, Nigeria. The study surveyed 480 nursing mothers across 5 communities. It found that only 20% of respondents practiced exclusive breastfeeding, while 80% did not. Factors found to significantly influence breastfeeding practices included: the mother's age, marital status, occupation, family income, education, and number of children. Mothers with higher incomes, education, and older/more experienced mothers were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding. The study concluded that health workers need to address cultural barriers through education to promote exclusive breastfeeding among rural women.
ABSTRACT- Background: Malnutrition constitutes a major public health concern worldwide and serves as an indicator
of hospitalized patient’s prognosis. Nutritional support is an essential aspect of the clinical management of children
admitted to hospital. Malnutrition has been long associated with poor quality, poor diet and inadequate access to health
care, and it remains a key global health issue that both stems from and contributes to weakness, with 50% of childhood
deaths due to principal under nutrition.
Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in April to Dec 2015 among 300 rural
adolescents of 9-18 years age (146 boys and 154 girls) attending the outpatient department at Patna Medical College and
Hospital, Bihar, India, belonging to the all caste communities. The nutritional status was assessed in terms of under
nutrition (weight-for-age below 3rd percentile), stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age
below 5th percentile). Diseases were accepted as such as diagnosed by pediatrician, skin specialist and medical officer.
Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were found to be 31%, 22.3% and 30.7% respectively. The
maximum prevalence of malnutrition was observed among early adolescents (23% - 54%) and the most common
morbidities were diarrhoea (16.7%), carbuncle / furuncle (16.7%) and scabies (12%).
Conclusion: Malnutrition among hospitalized under five children and around suffers moderately high rates of
malnutrition. Present nutrition programs attention on education for at risk children and referral to regional hospitals for
malnourished children. Screening tools to classify children at risk of developing malnutrition might be helpful.
Key-words- Malnutrition, Hospitalized children, Morbidities, Prevalence, Stunting
This document summarizes a study that examined mothers' actions and treatment preferences for febrile illnesses in under-five-year-old children in Osun State, Nigeria. 150 mothers of febrile children across 7 health institutions participated in interviews. Results showed that most mothers took initial home care and bought drugs from chemists as a first response. While fever prompted treatment, many mothers lacked knowledge of proper drug dosages. Treatment preferences increased from herbs to chemists to hospitals as lines of treatment. Mothers with lower education were more likely to use herbs initially. The study concluded that training is needed for mothers on appropriate drug use and treatment of febrile illnesses in children.
“Morbidity profile of children [6-11 years] attending Municipal Corporation P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Prevalence of malnutrition_and_associated_factors_AmanualNuredin
This study assessed the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months in Hidabu Abote district, North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 8-23, 2012 using a multistage sampling method to select 820 children. The analysis revealed that 47.6% of children were stunted, 30.9% were underweight, and 16.7% were wasted. Main factors associated with stunting included child age, family monthly income, receiving butter as a pre-lacteal feeding, and family planning practices. Underweight was associated with number of children in the household and receiving butter as a pre-lacteal feeding
Factors Associated with Growth in the First 1,000 Days CHECKLEYCORE Group
CORE Group GHPC15
October 8, 2015
Concurrent Session: Factors Associated with Growth in the First 1,000 Days: Translating Evidence into Programs for Stunting, Wasting, and the Double Burden of Malnutrition
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pakistan to evaluate maternal knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding newborn care and breastfeeding. 218 mothers were interviewed using a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis found that presence of a professional birth attendant, sterilization of feeding bottles, and knowledge about the reasons for vaccination were significantly associated with urban residence. Maternal education level was significantly associated with several appropriate newborn care practices and knowledge, such as correct timing of weaning, adequacy of breast milk, handwashing before breastfeeding, and knowledge about jaundice. The results suggest that young, literate mothers were more likely to initiate breastfeeding earlier than older, illiterate mothers. Traditional risky newborn care practices were common. Improving
Web of a problem exclusive breastfeeding ratesDenise Breheny
This document discusses factors that contribute to low rates of exclusive breastfeeding in the United States. It begins by outlining the Healthy People 2010 goals for breastfeeding initiation and duration, which have not been met. Major health organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. The document then examines reasons why mothers experience difficulties breastfeeding and cease breastfeeding, such as breast discomfort, perceptions of insufficient milk, lack of support, and the need to return to work. Identifying groups at higher risk, like low-income mothers and those returning to work, can help address barriers and improve breastfeeding outcomes.
Latent Class Analysis of Adolescent Health Behaviorsasclepiuspdfs
This document discusses a study that uses latent class analysis to identify patterns of health behaviors among adolescents ages 10-19 using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The study examines eight health behaviors - sleep, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, physician visits, meal autonomy, wearing braces, general health assessment, and tattoos. Latent class analysis identified three distinct classes of adolescents - healthy, moderately healthy, and unhealthy - based on their responses to questions about these behaviors. The classes differed for males and females. The study aims to characterize adolescent health behaviors without including parental attributes.
Factors contributing to malnutrition among HIV positive children aged between...iosrjce
The objective of the study was to identify factors contributing to malnutrition among HIV positive
children aged between 6 and 60 months. The study utilized a non experimental descriptive design. It was a
hospital based study conducted at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospital pediatric wards. A total of 30 children and
30 caregivers were recruited through convenience sampling. The children had a confirmed diagnosis of
malnutrition, confirmed HIV positive, aged between 6 and 60 months and had to have a present caregiver
during data collection. There were no dropouts. The main outcome measure were anthropometric measurements
of the children namely; height, weight and mid upper arm circumference and the various stressors contributing
to malnutrition. Twenty-two (73.33%) children were males and 8 (26.66%) were females. Contributing factors
to malnutrition identified were presence other illnesses such as diarrhea, pneumonia, tuberculosis and
kwashiorkor, 19 (63.33%), low socioeconomic status (earned less than USD$100 dollars per month), 16
(53.33%), coming from a family with more than 5 dependants 11 (36.67%), not being on ART 15 (50%), and
birth weight below or equal to 2500g 6 (20%). The major contributing factors to malnutrition were
extrapersonal stressors (54.83) interpersonal stressors (30.28%) and intrapersonal stressors (29.76%).
Abstract—Obesity is the major global nutrition concern. Modernisation and urbanisation have led to changes in dietary and lifestyle factors which are contributing to the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Objective: To find out various life style risk factors for obesity among school children of affluent families aged 10-18 years in Jaipur city.
Methods: A cross-sectional study in ten randomly selected schools of Jaipur city with tuition fee > 18000 ₹/year was conducted from July 2012 to April 2013. 1610 students of class V to XII were included and their detailed life style history with anthropometric measurements was recorded after their informed written consent. Indian Academy of Pediatrics' growth Monitoring Guidelines for children from birth to 18 years was followed for defining and classifying obesity.
Result: 364 (22.61%) participants were found obese/overweight. Watching television during meals, frequency of main meals outside home per month, frequency of snacks outside home per week and duration of television/ computer watching per day were found significant predictors of overweight/ obesity on binary multivariate logistic regression method.
Conclusion: The present study highlights childhood overweight/obesity is an emerging health problem (22.61%) and lifestyle factors are important risk for it.
This study analyzed infant feeding practices in ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services) and non-ICDS urban slum areas in Lucknow, India. The study found that practices were generally better in the ICDS areas, which had received nutrition/health education, compared to non-ICDS areas. In ICDS areas, more mothers fed colostrum and initiated breastfeeding earlier. Introduction of complementary foods also differed between the areas. While practices were suboptimal in both areas, the results suggest that nutrition education programs can help improve infant feeding knowledge and behaviors.
Impact of awareness program on prevention of childhood obesityAlexander Decker
1. The study evaluated the impact of a school-based childhood obesity awareness program on the knowledge levels of 255 school children in Chennai, India.
2. There was a significant increase in knowledge about obesity, physical activity, and diet in normal and overweight children after the program, but not in obese children who had higher baseline knowledge.
3. The results suggest that while mass awareness programs are effective, obese children may require more targeted interventions like family-based programs to help change behaviors and BMI.
This study examined risk factors for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children aged 6 months to 59 months through a case-control study. The results showed statistically significant associations between SAM and inappropriate infant and young child feeding practices such as delayed breastfeeding initiation, lack of colostrum, and lack of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. SAM was also associated with poor maternal education and low socioeconomic status. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to modify these risk factors and improve feeding practices through strengthening parental knowledge.
This study assessed mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding in Kirkuk governorate, Iraq. A questionnaire was administered to 72 mothers to evaluate their knowledge of breastfeeding. The results found that over half of mothers were young, nearly half completed primary school, and over 60% regularly visited health centers during pregnancy. However, only 40% received education on breastfeeding. The study also found that over 60% of mothers correctly answered questions about the benefits of breastfeeding, and there was a significant relationship between education during pregnancy and breastfeeding knowledge. The study recommends increased health education on breastfeeding during pregnancy to improve mothers' knowledge.
Management of Labor in Pregnant Women using Traditional Medicines in Northern...Premier Publishers
Labor comes with pain, hence expectant mothers would desire for procedures and materials that would quicken the process and provide relief to the extreme pain. Women in developing countries are known to patronize traditional medicines hence it is most probable traditional medicines will be used for labor purposes. This study therefore assessed the level of usage of traditional medicines among pregnant women in the Tamale metropolis, identified the products used and their reasons for usage. Using convenience sampling method, data was collected from 301 respondents from 20 suburbs within the Tamale metropolis using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and association between variables obtained using appropriate tools. Up to 25.9% of respondents used traditional medicine immediately before or during their most recent labor. Lower educational status, staying with extended family members, being a believer in Islam, home delivery and ever using traditional medicine before the most recent pregnancy were statistically associated with the use of traditional medicine to manage labor processes (p < 0.05). Various plants were found in formulating the traditional labor medicine known locally as ‘kalghutim’ with the bark of the Shea tree ((Vitellaria paradoxa) being present in most formulations.
This study analyzed survey responses from 1,323 mothers who stopped breastfeeding their infants before 12 months to identify the primary reasons for stopping breastfeeding at different infant ages. The researchers conducted factor analysis to group mothers' reasons into seven constructs: lactation issues, psychosocial factors, nutritional concerns, lifestyle interference, medical issues, pumping difficulties, and self-weaning. Across all ages, mothers most frequently cited their infant not being satisfied by breast milk alone as a key reason for stopping. Younger, unmarried, and lower-income mothers tended to stop earlier. Reasons for stopping varied by infant age, from lactation issues in early months to self-weaning in later months.
Nutritional Status of School Age Children in Private Elementary Schools: Basi...IJAEMSJORNAL
Department of Education (DepEd) organizes nutritional programs to improve the health status of children in public schools. Likewise, the researcher believes that health awareness must be raised in private schools as well. This study aimed to affect the community to be aware and more knowledgeable about nutrition. Specifically, this study focused on the nutritional status of school age children in private elementary schools in Santa Rosa, Nueva Ecija. It sought to determine the profile of the learners, anthropometrics, clinical data and the knowledge of the learners as to dietary and the significant relationship between the profile of the learners and the nutritional status of the school aged children. With all the data gathered a meal management program was proposed. The study employed the quantitative description design. The study manifests that majority of the respondents were not yet aware of what they eat. In addition, age, greatly affects the respondent’s anthropometrics as to height. More so, age, number of siblings and family income, greatly affect the respondents’ anthropometrics as to weight. The researcher adopted the Nutritional Guidelines for Filipino program that was developed by the DOST- FNRI.
Effect of Nesting on Posture Discomfort and Physiological Parameters of Low B...iosrjce
A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of “nesting” among low birth weight infants in
NICU of selected government hospital of Delhi. An experimental study was conducted in which low birth weight
infants (birth weight 1.00-2.5kg) were stratified into three groups based on their birth weight (1.0-1.5kg, 1.5-
2.0kg, 2.0-2.5kg). The samples consisted of 60 low birth weight infants; 30 in experimental group and 30 in
control group. Pre-test Post-test control group design was used in which nesting was provided in experimental
group 9 hours per day for 5 days. Posture, comfort and physiological parameters were assessed before and
during administration of nesting. A significant improvement in posture (t=12.64) was observed in experimental
group during application of nesting. A significant reduction in the discomfort was observed in experimental
group as compared to control group (t=10.65).Low birth weight infants exhibit comparatively stable
physiological parameters during the period of nesting.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Eating habits and nutritional status among adolescent school girls: an experi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Childhood obesity prevention literature reviewAmber Breidel
This document provides a literature review on childhood obesity prevention and treatment. It summarizes 18 research studies related to prevention and treatment approaches. Key findings from the prevention studies include the role of television in childhood obesity, the relationship between fussy eating and body composition, and the impact of parental support programs. Key findings from the treatment studies include the effectiveness of appetite awareness training and factors influencing healthy lifestyle changes in low-income families engaged in obesity treatment programs. The review covers a range of interventions, outcomes, populations and methodologies.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on the Knowle...ijtsrd
Malnutrition and Tuberculosis chronic infectious disease are both problems of considerable magnitude in the most underdeveloped regions of the world. Malnutrition can leads to secondary immunodeficiency that increase the host susceptibility to infection. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on the knowledge and practice regarding dietary pattern among mothers of children with tuberculosis admitted in pediatric ward. Quasi experimental with two groups pre test post test design was used for 60 mothers at IPD and OPD of pediatric department and purposive sampling technique was used. Self structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and checklist for practice. In post test experimental group mothers have 63.3 average knowledge, 26.6 poor knowledge and 10 good knowledge while in the control group, 53.3 poor knowledge, 46.6 average knowledge and non hove good knowledge. In experimental group mean score was 17.9 1.96 while in control group mean score was 11.8 2.99. At the “p” value 0.05, the calculated t value 3.21 was compared with the tabulated value 2.01 . In post test experimental group, mothers have 53.3 good practice, 46.6 average practice and none have poor practice while in the control group, 63.33 average practice, 23.3 poor practice and 13.3 good practice. In experimental group mean score was 19.13 1.99 while in the control group, mean score was 14.06 2.85.At the “p” value 0.05, the calculated t value 3.28 was compared with the tabulated value 2.01 . These finding reveals that the planned teaching program on dietary pattern was effective. Mrs. Anchal Tiwari | Mrs. Anugrah Charan | Dr. Sarika Gupta "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Dietary Pattern among Mothers of Children with Tuberculosis Admitted in Pediatric Ward at KGMU Hospital, Lucknowv" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38591.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/38591/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-program-on-the-knowledge-and-practice-regarding-dietary-pattern-among-mothers-of-children-with-tuberculosis-admitted-in-pediatric-ward-at-kgmu-hospital-lucknowv/mrs-anchal-tiwari
Prevalence of malnutrition_and_associated_factors_AmanualNuredin
This study assessed the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months in Hidabu Abote district, North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 8-23, 2012 using a multistage sampling method to select 820 children. The analysis revealed that 47.6% of children were stunted, 30.9% were underweight, and 16.7% were wasted. Main factors associated with stunting included child age, family monthly income, receiving butter as a pre-lacteal feeding, and family planning practices. Underweight was associated with number of children in the household and receiving butter as a pre-lacteal feeding
Factors Associated with Growth in the First 1,000 Days CHECKLEYCORE Group
CORE Group GHPC15
October 8, 2015
Concurrent Session: Factors Associated with Growth in the First 1,000 Days: Translating Evidence into Programs for Stunting, Wasting, and the Double Burden of Malnutrition
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pakistan to evaluate maternal knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding newborn care and breastfeeding. 218 mothers were interviewed using a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis found that presence of a professional birth attendant, sterilization of feeding bottles, and knowledge about the reasons for vaccination were significantly associated with urban residence. Maternal education level was significantly associated with several appropriate newborn care practices and knowledge, such as correct timing of weaning, adequacy of breast milk, handwashing before breastfeeding, and knowledge about jaundice. The results suggest that young, literate mothers were more likely to initiate breastfeeding earlier than older, illiterate mothers. Traditional risky newborn care practices were common. Improving
Web of a problem exclusive breastfeeding ratesDenise Breheny
This document discusses factors that contribute to low rates of exclusive breastfeeding in the United States. It begins by outlining the Healthy People 2010 goals for breastfeeding initiation and duration, which have not been met. Major health organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. The document then examines reasons why mothers experience difficulties breastfeeding and cease breastfeeding, such as breast discomfort, perceptions of insufficient milk, lack of support, and the need to return to work. Identifying groups at higher risk, like low-income mothers and those returning to work, can help address barriers and improve breastfeeding outcomes.
Latent Class Analysis of Adolescent Health Behaviorsasclepiuspdfs
This document discusses a study that uses latent class analysis to identify patterns of health behaviors among adolescents ages 10-19 using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The study examines eight health behaviors - sleep, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, physician visits, meal autonomy, wearing braces, general health assessment, and tattoos. Latent class analysis identified three distinct classes of adolescents - healthy, moderately healthy, and unhealthy - based on their responses to questions about these behaviors. The classes differed for males and females. The study aims to characterize adolescent health behaviors without including parental attributes.
Factors contributing to malnutrition among HIV positive children aged between...iosrjce
The objective of the study was to identify factors contributing to malnutrition among HIV positive
children aged between 6 and 60 months. The study utilized a non experimental descriptive design. It was a
hospital based study conducted at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospital pediatric wards. A total of 30 children and
30 caregivers were recruited through convenience sampling. The children had a confirmed diagnosis of
malnutrition, confirmed HIV positive, aged between 6 and 60 months and had to have a present caregiver
during data collection. There were no dropouts. The main outcome measure were anthropometric measurements
of the children namely; height, weight and mid upper arm circumference and the various stressors contributing
to malnutrition. Twenty-two (73.33%) children were males and 8 (26.66%) were females. Contributing factors
to malnutrition identified were presence other illnesses such as diarrhea, pneumonia, tuberculosis and
kwashiorkor, 19 (63.33%), low socioeconomic status (earned less than USD$100 dollars per month), 16
(53.33%), coming from a family with more than 5 dependants 11 (36.67%), not being on ART 15 (50%), and
birth weight below or equal to 2500g 6 (20%). The major contributing factors to malnutrition were
extrapersonal stressors (54.83) interpersonal stressors (30.28%) and intrapersonal stressors (29.76%).
Abstract—Obesity is the major global nutrition concern. Modernisation and urbanisation have led to changes in dietary and lifestyle factors which are contributing to the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Objective: To find out various life style risk factors for obesity among school children of affluent families aged 10-18 years in Jaipur city.
Methods: A cross-sectional study in ten randomly selected schools of Jaipur city with tuition fee > 18000 ₹/year was conducted from July 2012 to April 2013. 1610 students of class V to XII were included and their detailed life style history with anthropometric measurements was recorded after their informed written consent. Indian Academy of Pediatrics' growth Monitoring Guidelines for children from birth to 18 years was followed for defining and classifying obesity.
Result: 364 (22.61%) participants were found obese/overweight. Watching television during meals, frequency of main meals outside home per month, frequency of snacks outside home per week and duration of television/ computer watching per day were found significant predictors of overweight/ obesity on binary multivariate logistic regression method.
Conclusion: The present study highlights childhood overweight/obesity is an emerging health problem (22.61%) and lifestyle factors are important risk for it.
This study analyzed infant feeding practices in ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services) and non-ICDS urban slum areas in Lucknow, India. The study found that practices were generally better in the ICDS areas, which had received nutrition/health education, compared to non-ICDS areas. In ICDS areas, more mothers fed colostrum and initiated breastfeeding earlier. Introduction of complementary foods also differed between the areas. While practices were suboptimal in both areas, the results suggest that nutrition education programs can help improve infant feeding knowledge and behaviors.
Impact of awareness program on prevention of childhood obesityAlexander Decker
1. The study evaluated the impact of a school-based childhood obesity awareness program on the knowledge levels of 255 school children in Chennai, India.
2. There was a significant increase in knowledge about obesity, physical activity, and diet in normal and overweight children after the program, but not in obese children who had higher baseline knowledge.
3. The results suggest that while mass awareness programs are effective, obese children may require more targeted interventions like family-based programs to help change behaviors and BMI.
This study examined risk factors for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children aged 6 months to 59 months through a case-control study. The results showed statistically significant associations between SAM and inappropriate infant and young child feeding practices such as delayed breastfeeding initiation, lack of colostrum, and lack of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. SAM was also associated with poor maternal education and low socioeconomic status. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to modify these risk factors and improve feeding practices through strengthening parental knowledge.
This study assessed mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding in Kirkuk governorate, Iraq. A questionnaire was administered to 72 mothers to evaluate their knowledge of breastfeeding. The results found that over half of mothers were young, nearly half completed primary school, and over 60% regularly visited health centers during pregnancy. However, only 40% received education on breastfeeding. The study also found that over 60% of mothers correctly answered questions about the benefits of breastfeeding, and there was a significant relationship between education during pregnancy and breastfeeding knowledge. The study recommends increased health education on breastfeeding during pregnancy to improve mothers' knowledge.
Management of Labor in Pregnant Women using Traditional Medicines in Northern...Premier Publishers
Labor comes with pain, hence expectant mothers would desire for procedures and materials that would quicken the process and provide relief to the extreme pain. Women in developing countries are known to patronize traditional medicines hence it is most probable traditional medicines will be used for labor purposes. This study therefore assessed the level of usage of traditional medicines among pregnant women in the Tamale metropolis, identified the products used and their reasons for usage. Using convenience sampling method, data was collected from 301 respondents from 20 suburbs within the Tamale metropolis using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and association between variables obtained using appropriate tools. Up to 25.9% of respondents used traditional medicine immediately before or during their most recent labor. Lower educational status, staying with extended family members, being a believer in Islam, home delivery and ever using traditional medicine before the most recent pregnancy were statistically associated with the use of traditional medicine to manage labor processes (p < 0.05). Various plants were found in formulating the traditional labor medicine known locally as ‘kalghutim’ with the bark of the Shea tree ((Vitellaria paradoxa) being present in most formulations.
This study analyzed survey responses from 1,323 mothers who stopped breastfeeding their infants before 12 months to identify the primary reasons for stopping breastfeeding at different infant ages. The researchers conducted factor analysis to group mothers' reasons into seven constructs: lactation issues, psychosocial factors, nutritional concerns, lifestyle interference, medical issues, pumping difficulties, and self-weaning. Across all ages, mothers most frequently cited their infant not being satisfied by breast milk alone as a key reason for stopping. Younger, unmarried, and lower-income mothers tended to stop earlier. Reasons for stopping varied by infant age, from lactation issues in early months to self-weaning in later months.
Nutritional Status of School Age Children in Private Elementary Schools: Basi...IJAEMSJORNAL
Department of Education (DepEd) organizes nutritional programs to improve the health status of children in public schools. Likewise, the researcher believes that health awareness must be raised in private schools as well. This study aimed to affect the community to be aware and more knowledgeable about nutrition. Specifically, this study focused on the nutritional status of school age children in private elementary schools in Santa Rosa, Nueva Ecija. It sought to determine the profile of the learners, anthropometrics, clinical data and the knowledge of the learners as to dietary and the significant relationship between the profile of the learners and the nutritional status of the school aged children. With all the data gathered a meal management program was proposed. The study employed the quantitative description design. The study manifests that majority of the respondents were not yet aware of what they eat. In addition, age, greatly affects the respondent’s anthropometrics as to height. More so, age, number of siblings and family income, greatly affect the respondents’ anthropometrics as to weight. The researcher adopted the Nutritional Guidelines for Filipino program that was developed by the DOST- FNRI.
Effect of Nesting on Posture Discomfort and Physiological Parameters of Low B...iosrjce
A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of “nesting” among low birth weight infants in
NICU of selected government hospital of Delhi. An experimental study was conducted in which low birth weight
infants (birth weight 1.00-2.5kg) were stratified into three groups based on their birth weight (1.0-1.5kg, 1.5-
2.0kg, 2.0-2.5kg). The samples consisted of 60 low birth weight infants; 30 in experimental group and 30 in
control group. Pre-test Post-test control group design was used in which nesting was provided in experimental
group 9 hours per day for 5 days. Posture, comfort and physiological parameters were assessed before and
during administration of nesting. A significant improvement in posture (t=12.64) was observed in experimental
group during application of nesting. A significant reduction in the discomfort was observed in experimental
group as compared to control group (t=10.65).Low birth weight infants exhibit comparatively stable
physiological parameters during the period of nesting.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Eating habits and nutritional status among adolescent school girls: an experi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Childhood obesity prevention literature reviewAmber Breidel
This document provides a literature review on childhood obesity prevention and treatment. It summarizes 18 research studies related to prevention and treatment approaches. Key findings from the prevention studies include the role of television in childhood obesity, the relationship between fussy eating and body composition, and the impact of parental support programs. Key findings from the treatment studies include the effectiveness of appetite awareness training and factors influencing healthy lifestyle changes in low-income families engaged in obesity treatment programs. The review covers a range of interventions, outcomes, populations and methodologies.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on the Knowle...ijtsrd
Malnutrition and Tuberculosis chronic infectious disease are both problems of considerable magnitude in the most underdeveloped regions of the world. Malnutrition can leads to secondary immunodeficiency that increase the host susceptibility to infection. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on the knowledge and practice regarding dietary pattern among mothers of children with tuberculosis admitted in pediatric ward. Quasi experimental with two groups pre test post test design was used for 60 mothers at IPD and OPD of pediatric department and purposive sampling technique was used. Self structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and checklist for practice. In post test experimental group mothers have 63.3 average knowledge, 26.6 poor knowledge and 10 good knowledge while in the control group, 53.3 poor knowledge, 46.6 average knowledge and non hove good knowledge. In experimental group mean score was 17.9 1.96 while in control group mean score was 11.8 2.99. At the “p” value 0.05, the calculated t value 3.21 was compared with the tabulated value 2.01 . In post test experimental group, mothers have 53.3 good practice, 46.6 average practice and none have poor practice while in the control group, 63.33 average practice, 23.3 poor practice and 13.3 good practice. In experimental group mean score was 19.13 1.99 while in the control group, mean score was 14.06 2.85.At the “p” value 0.05, the calculated t value 3.28 was compared with the tabulated value 2.01 . These finding reveals that the planned teaching program on dietary pattern was effective. Mrs. Anchal Tiwari | Mrs. Anugrah Charan | Dr. Sarika Gupta "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Dietary Pattern among Mothers of Children with Tuberculosis Admitted in Pediatric Ward at KGMU Hospital, Lucknowv" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38591.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/38591/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-program-on-the-knowledge-and-practice-regarding-dietary-pattern-among-mothers-of-children-with-tuberculosis-admitted-in-pediatric-ward-at-kgmu-hospital-lucknowv/mrs-anchal-tiwari
Measuring Poverty through Child Malnutrition A Study With Special Referance T...iosrjce
This study examines child malnutrition in Arumbavur Village, Perambalur District, India. It finds that 81.74% of children in the village are malnourished based on body mass index (BMI) measurements, which is higher than the national average of 43%. Through interviews with 115 households, it identifies several socioeconomic factors contributing to malnutrition, including low family incomes below the national average, lack of sanitation facilities, and limited access to nutritious foods. While most children are breastfed, the average duration is only 6.7 months. The study concludes that despite families' efforts to provide nutrition, children in the village remain underweight and stunted due to their socioeconomic conditions.
This study assessed the nutritional status of school-age children in urban slums in India. The researchers found high rates of malnutrition, with over 30% of children wasted and nearly 20% stunted. Younger children, those from joint families, and those whose mothers had low education levels were most at risk. Interventions like nutrition education and food fortification were recommended to address the poor nutritional status found.
Diet intake trends among pregnant women in rural area of rawalpindi, pakistanZubia Qureshi
Background: Adequate and healthy diet during pregnancy is essential for the health of both mother and new-born. This study was designed to know the health status of pregnant women and new-born by determining food taking habits of pregnant women. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on pregnant women of 2nd and 3rd trimester in a rural area of district Rawalpindi. Food frequency questionnaire and 24 hours dietary recall methods were used to identify their food consumption practices. Analysis was done by SPSS, while Nutrisurvey software was used to check the presence of Vitamin A, C, and Iron in specific fruits or vegetables. Results: A total of 110 pregnant women participated in the study. Most of them were illiterate, had low household income, and unemployed. Intake of meal frequency was according to the standards of Institute of Medicine (IOM), but food group consumption was not according to the recommendations of the United State Department of Agriculture (USDA). Most participants 102 (93.2%) knew that food is important during pregnancy. However an increase in frequency intake was observed in 63 (57.3%); while, 19 (17.3%) reported no change in food intake practices. About 67 (61%) were taking some sort of dietary supplements. Avoidance of any food 24 (22%), intake of additional food 51 (46%), craving 86 (78%), and aversion to any sort of food 42 (38%) was also identified in the study sample. No significant association was found between food group consumption, food availability and accessibility. Dietary diversity score, calculated according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines, indicated that about half study participants were not consuming adequate food. Conclusion: Study results show that food intake practices of pregnant women in the study area were not satisfactory. The results suggest that pregnant women need nutrition counselling regarding food intake practices during pregnancy.
Keywords: food intake practices, diet consumption, pregnant women
1) The document presents guidelines from the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) on the integrated management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children under five years of age in India.
2) It defines SAM based on weight-for-height Z-scores and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) cut-offs using WHO growth charts.
3) The guidelines recommend an integrated approach, treating SAM as part of broader nutrition and child health programs. They provide guidance on outpatient and inpatient treatment, including the use of therapeutic foods.
1) The document presents guidelines from the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) on the integrated management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children under five years of age in India.
2) It defines SAM based on weight-for-height Z-scores and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) cut-offs using WHO growth charts.
3) The guidelines recommend an integrated approach, treating SAM as part of broader nutrition and child health programs. They provide guidance on outpatient and inpatient treatment, including use of therapeutic foods.
Guidelines for the management of severely acute malnourished childrenSM Lalon
This document provides guidelines for managing severely acute malnourished (SAM) children aged 6-59 months in both facility-based and community-based settings. SAM is a major public health problem that increases child mortality and morbidity. Early identification and treatment of SAM can help reduce complications and death. The guidelines outline procedures for assessing and admitting SAM children based on weight-for-height criteria and presence of edema. Facility-based care focuses on stabilizing children with medical complications, while community-based care provides outpatient treatment for children without complications. Key principles of management include treating hypoglycemia, hypothermia, dehydration and infection, as well as starting feeding and providing follow-up care.
This study assessed factors associated with nutritional status of under five children in Rupandehi District of Nepal. It found that over half (45.9%) of children aged 36-59 months were underweight. Nearly half (50%) of children born to illiterate mothers were underweight. The majority (65%) of children were stunted according to Waterlow's classification. Over half (57.75%) of children born to mothers under 18 years old were underweight, as were 75% of children born to mothers over 35 years old, though the association between maternal age and nutritional status was not statistically significant. The study concluded that greater emphasis should be given to under five children through community-based awareness programs for mothers and caregivers
The Effect of Community Risk Perception on Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Screening...Carly Freeman
This document summarizes a study on the effect of risk perception on type 2 diabetes screening in a rural Thai village. The study found that:
1) The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was much higher in adults over age 45 (12.8%) than under age 45 (0.7%), and screening rates followed a similar pattern.
2) Less than half of residents were aware of the Ministry of Health's dietary recommendations. Risk perception emphasized genetic and age-related factors over behavioral factors like diet.
3) There may be an undiagnosed population of type 2 diabetes residents because of a misguided risk perception from a lack of nutritional knowledge, as screening participation was low among adults under 45.
A STUDY ON THE PRACTICE OF LACTATING MOTHERS IN THANJAVUR DISTRICTIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on breastfeeding practices of lactating mothers in Thanjavur District, India. The study aimed to understand breastfeeding cultural practices and the association between breastfeeding practices and socioeconomic factors. 50 mothers were surveyed using interviews. Key findings include that most mothers were below age 27, Hindu, and from backward castes. The majority (66%) breastfed exclusively while others supplemented with formula or solids. Most deliveries were in hospitals. Knowledge of optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding was low. The study concluded breastfeeding practices in rural areas were better but nutritional education programs are still needed to address issues like malnutrition and obesity.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Kandhamal_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
The school age period is nutritionally
significant because this is the prime time to build up body
stores of nutrients in preparation for rapid growth of
adolescence.1 Malnutrition remains the world’s most
serious health problem and the single biggest contributor to
child mortality, nearly one third of the children in the
developing world are either underweight or stunted and
more than 30% of the developing world’s population suffer
from micronutrient deficiencies. However the data available
from urban slums of Hyderabad in this age group is very
sparse and hence an attempt has been made to study the
same.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Angul_OdishaPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Maternal perception about neonatal jaundice in eastern nepal a qualitative studydineshdharel13
The perception of mothers regarding recognition, seriousness, causes and treatment of jaundice in their newborn babies mostly reflected their own misconceptions about this common neonatal problem. The experience of mothers caring for children with jaundice in their neonatal period along with the influence of their family and society evidently shaped their perceptions about neonatal jaundice.
This document proposes solutions to reduce malnutrition globally. It states that malnutrition affects billions and contributes to millions of child deaths daily from lack of essential nutrients. It recommends providing affordable vitamin/mineral supplements to vulnerable people and encouraging communities to improve food production/consumption. The proposed solutions aim to integrate health services, ensure quality care, alleviate cost barriers, and receive funding from eliminating user fees and establishing cash transfer systems. However, challenges include lack of political will due to funding issues, lack of awareness, and orthodox societies.
Nutritional status of boarding and non boarding children in selected schools ...Alexander Decker
This study assessed and compared the nutritional status of boarding and non-boarding children aged 8-10 years in selected private schools in Accra, Ghana. A total of 124 children participated, with 94 being non-boarders and 30 boarders. Anthropometric measurements and 24-hour dietary recalls were collected. The prevalence of stunting and underweight was low at 0.8% each, while overweight and obesity were higher at 12.1% and 11.3%, respectively. Nutrient intakes of calcium and energy were inadequate for many children. No significant differences were found in nutritional status or nutrient intakes between boarding and non-boarding children.
GUIDELINES FOR RATIONAL USE OF ANTIBIOTICS AND SURGICAL.pptxImmanuel Jebastine M
This document provides guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics and surgical prophylaxis. It defines rational drug use and discusses the importance of promoting it. Guidelines are presented for rational prescribing and use of antibiotics. Key points include using antibiotics only when necessary, obtaining cultures before treatment when possible, choosing appropriate agents, doses and durations. Guidelines for surgical prophylaxis emphasize using antibiotics only for specific procedures shown to reduce infections and administering the appropriate agent at induction of anesthesia for most surgeries under 4 hours. Causes of non-responsiveness to antibiotics are also summarized.
This document provides information on establishing pharmacovigilance programs and resources in pharmacovigilance. It discusses the importance of classification systems like ATC, ICD, and INN for monitoring drugs and adverse events. Primary resources include clinical trial data and reports, while secondary resources summarize primary sources. Tertiary sources compile information from multiple sources. Establishing an effective pharmacovigilance program requires a structured organization, trained staff, coordination between stakeholders, and support from regulatory authorities and healthcare priorities. Monitoring drug safety is crucial for public health.
Rheumatic diseases include rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and destruction of joints, tendons, and bones. It affects around 1% of the adult population and women more than men. While the cause is unknown, genetic and environmental factors are involved. Symptoms include joint stiffness, pain, swelling and decreased range of motion. Treatment involves medications like NSAIDs, DMARDs and corticosteroids to relieve symptoms and slow disease progression. Psoriatic arthritis causes joint pain and swelling in some joints and scaly skin patches, with symptoms varying between individuals.
This study analyzed 150 prescriptions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated at a tertiary care hospital in India. The study found:
1. Hydroxychloroquine was the most commonly prescribed drug (20.1%), followed by paracetamol (18.6%). Combination therapy using 3 or more drugs was preferred over monotherapy.
2. The majority of patients were female (91.3%) and the average age was 50 years old. Common comorbidities included hypertension (60%), diabetes (26.6%), and asthma (13.3%).
3. A total of 552 drugs were prescribed and 221 drug-drug interactions were identified. The highest number of interactions occurred with
This study evaluated prescribing patterns in outpatient departments at 24 secondary-level government hospitals in Tamilnadu, India. A total of 4,750 prescriptions were analyzed. The most common diagnoses were diseases of the respiratory system (990 cases), certain infectious and parasitic diseases (427 cases), and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (667 cases). On average, prescriptions contained 4 drugs, with antibiotics prescribed in 56% of cases. Based on the findings, an essential medicines list was prepared for each hospital category to improve prescribing practices.
This document defines and describes several communicable diseases including their symptoms and modes of transmission. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection of the lungs that spreads through the air when infected individuals cough or sneeze. Symptoms include chronic cough, fever, night sweats and weight loss. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that causes jaundice, fatigue and abdominal pain. It spreads through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. Malaria is a parasitic infection spread by mosquitos that causes fever, chills and flu-like symptoms.
1. 6
ISSN (Online): 2349-056X
International Journal of Pharmacy Education and Research
Jul-Sept 2015; 2(3): 6-10.
Available online: www.ijper.net
Email: editor.ijper@gmail.com
Research Article
Determination of severe acute malnutrition and management of
children below 59 months in Theni District of Tamilnadu
Immanuel JEBASTINE MASILAMANI*1
, Gudanagaram RAMAMOORTHI
VIJAYASANKAR1
, Apollo JAMES2
*1
Vinayaka Mission’s College of Pharmacy, Yercaud Main Road, Kondappanaickenpatty, Salem – 636
008, Tamilnadu, INDIA.
2
Nandha College of Pharmacy, Koorapalayam Pirivu, Pitchampalayam, Erode – 638 052, Tamilnadu,
INDIA.
INTRODUCTION
The World Bank estimates that India is
ranked 2nd
in the world of the number of children
suffering from malnutrition, after Bangladesh (in
1998), where 47% of the children exhibit a degree of
malnutrition. The prevalence of underweight
children in India is among the highest in the world
and is nearly double that of Sub-Saharan Africa with
dire consequences for mobility, mortality, productivity
and economic growth. The United Nations estimate
that 2.1 million Indian children die before reaching the
age of 5 every year, four every minute, mostly from
preventable illnesses such as diarrhoea, typhoid,
malaria, measles and pneumonia. Every day, 1,000
Indian children die because of diarrhoea alone.
According to the 1991 census of India, it has around
150 million children, constituting 17.5% of India's
Received on: 24 Jul, 2015
Revised on: 30 Jul, 2015
Accepted on: 1 Aug, 2015
*Corresponding author:
Immanuel Jebastine M.
Department of Pharmacy Practice,
Vinayaka Mission’s College of
Pharmacy,
Salem – 636 308,
Tamilnadu, INDIA.
Mobile #: +91-99941-69248
Email: masilaarul@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to determine the malnutrition and
its management in children below 59 months. The study was conducted
in the community health area in Theni District of Tamilnadu State in
India between July 2012 to January 2013 with 138 malnourished
children who have taken malnutritious food and most of the children
have eye deficiency. We found that the children having Myopia,
Metropia and fewer children have Xerophthalmia. In addition, they also
have Gum Bleeding, Bitot’s Spots and Angular Stomatitis due to
vitamin deficiency. The results were compared with WHO Growth
Standards. A questionaire was prepared to collect the status after
finding the malnourished child; and after providing a healthy nutritious
food. The children under investigation were taken proper care and the
results in triplicate were compared with the improvement from time to
time with a gap of 30 days.
Key words: Malnutrition, Eye defect, Vitamin deficiency,
Malnourished.
2. Immanuel et al. IJPER | Jul-Sept, 2015; 2(3): 6-10.
7
population who are below the age of 6 years[1]
.
Malnutrition refers to the situation where there is an
unbalanced diet in which some nutrients are in excess,
lacking or wrong proportion. Simply, we can
categorize it to be under-nutrition and over-nutrition.
Despite India's 50% increase in GDP since 1991,
more than one third of the world's malnourished
children live in India. Among these, half of them
under three are underweight and a third of
wealthiest children are over-nutrient[2]
. Malnutrition
can be identified into two constituents, protein-energy
malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, where
protein-energy malnutrition is clearly observed in
India and other developing countries. There are
different methods of identifying malnutrition; physical
findings generally help in the diagnosis of advanced
malnutrition. In identifying it early in the
development malnutrition, it is of advantage to
allowing early rehabilitation one of the classifications
of protein-energy malnutrition is done by Gomez,
which uses anthropometric indices[3]
.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study carried out in a community based
area and in primary health centre in Theni district of
Tamilnadu, India between July-2012 to January-2013
with 138 children who were suffering from nutrition
deficiency. A questionaire was used to collect the
malnutrition status in the children to find the
demographical data’s such like age, sex, the care giver
of the child and it says whether the childs parent are
educated are not. The information collected regarding
all the deficiency was recorded in a Master Sheet[4]
.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The information collected regarding all the
selected cases were recorded in a Master Chart. Data
analysis was done with the help of computer using
Epidemiological Information Package (EPI 2010)
developed by the Centre for Disease Control, Atlanta.
Using this software range, frequencies, percentages,
means, standard deviations, chi square and 'p' values
were calculated. Kruskul Wallis chi-square test was
used to test the significance of difference between
quantitative variables and Yate’s chi square test for
qualitative variables. A 'P' value less than 0.05 is taken
to denote significant relationship[5,6]
.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The study give a brief description of sample
characteristics, the children data like age, sex,
malnutrition status, parents occupation, educational
qualification mal nutrition status and the stage
involved in the management of children below 59
months are discussed[7]
.
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
In every study before going into the target
area, it’s necessary to about the demographic of that
community. The study was undertook in Gudalur,
Theni District. This study focused on the 138 children
who are accepted with severe acute malnutrition.
SEX DISTRIBUTION
Among 138 children 84.05% are females and
15.94% are males (Table 1). According the cense
2010, already it was determined that female ratio is
more in this area. Due to the lack of education in many
parents are not admitting their children’s to school
especially female children. Government is already
supplying noon meals, nutrition food vitamin A
supplement are being provide by the Government but
the population which prevails in this area, basic school
education so, this paved the way for the severe acute
malnutrition. In this study, 116 female children have
acute malnutrition which is higher while 22 male were
suffering from severe acute malnutrition[8-10]
.
Table 1: Sex distribution
Sl.
No.
Female Male
No. of
Patients
%
No. of
Patients
%
1 116 84.05 22 15.94
DISTRIBUTION BASED ON AGE
From the total nunmer of children, 20
children belong to the group of 1-12 months, 30
childrens belongs to 13-24 months, 25 children’s
belong to 25-36 months, between 37-48 months 30
childrens are present and 33 numbers of children
comes under the group of 49-60 months (Table 2).
Hence, the least amount are present in the each
between 1 to 12 months through there is no significant
in the age group distribution.
Table 2: Age distribution
Sl.
No.
Age group
(month)
No. of
patients
%
1 1-12 20 14.492
2 13-24 30 21.739
3 25-36 25 18.115
4 37-48 30 21.739
5 49-60 33 23.913
CARE GIVE DISTRIBUTION
Of the total 138 patients, mother care 96
patients, father care 12 patients, grand-mother care 20
patients, and grand-father care 10 patients (Table 3).
The child growth is based on the person
behind whom they are being cared. Show the study
aimed to determine who are those caregivers and
difference analyzed.
3. Immanuel et al. IJPER | Jul-Sept, 2015; 2(3): 6-10.
8
Among the total population, 70% childrens
are cared by their mothers while the 8% of the
childrens care by the father. This is because in the
community setting male are the workers, who
supported their family need. While female are
confined to the house works, in community the
educated parents are confined to their works. Hence,
21% are cared by the grandparents.
This lead to the bypass of the mother feeding,
at the yearly stage children are exposed to synthetic
products which may lead to the outcome of acute
malnutrition.
Table 3: Care give distribution
No. of
Children
%
Mother care 96 69.5652
Father care 12 8.6956
Grand mother care 20 14.92
Grand father care 10 7.2463
WORKING AND NON-WORKING
This data is collected by a pharmacist from
the patients who are caring their children who are
caring their children from our analysis. It was found
that 80 children are working the nature of the work is
crop cultivation and building works 36 childrens are
not working the higher no.of fathers are working
(Table 4). Therefore, it was found that the
malnourished child can be controlled by which the
help of their caregivers.
Table 4: Working and Non-working distribution
Working Non-working
Mother 80 36
Father 22 0
Grand parents 0 0
Total patients 138
MYOPIA
Myopia is commonly known as being near
sighted and short sighted is a condition of the eye
where the light that comes in does not directly focus
on the retina but in front of it. Absence of vitamin B
and vitamin A cause myopia.
In the total number of patients at the first visit
72 children have myopia at the 30th
day visit, 60
children having myopia at the 60th
day visit and
myopia in the 90th
day visit almost came down to 39.
Table 5 shows the first visit followed by 90th
day visit
the P value of which is significant.
After giving non-pharmacological treatment,
the patient get improved from the 1st
visit to 3rd
intervention. Nutrition supplement has been given to
the patient.
Table 5: Myopia
Yes (Mean±SD) No (Mean±SD)
First 72 (0.54±50) 66 (1.08±1.00)
30th
60 (0.86±1.00) 78 (0.56±50)
60th
50 (0.78±98) 88 (60.86±49)
90th
39 (0.56±91) 99 (0.71±45)
Chi square “P”; P value (One way ANOVA); 0.0072
significant
METROPIA
Metropia it is known as retraction of the eye
due the vitamin B12 deficiency.
In the total number of patients at the first visit
60 child have metropia at the 30th
day visit, 50 child
having metropia at the 60th
day visit and metropia in
the 90th
day visit almost came down to 42. Table 6
shows the first visit followed by 90th
day visit the P
value of which is significant.
Table 6: Metropia
Yes (Mean±SD) No (Mean±SD)
First 60 (0.84±1.00) 78 (0.56±0.50)
30th
50 (0.78±0.98) 88 (0.60±0.43)
60th
48 (0.69±0.96) 90 (0.65±0.48)
90th
42 (0.60±0.93) 96 (0.69±0.46)
Chi square “P”; P value (One way ANOVA) < 0.53
not significant (P>0.05)
After giving non-pharmacological treatment,
the patient get improved from the 1st
visit to 3rd
intervention. Nutrition supplement has been given to
the patient.
XEROPHTHALMIA
Xerophthalmia is a medical condition in
which the eye fails to produce tears it may be caused
by a deficiency in vitamin A[11,12]
.
In the total number of patients at the first visit
12 children have xerophalmia at the 30th
day visit, 9
children having xerophalmia at the 60th
day visit and
xerophalmia in the 90th
day visit almost came down to
2. Table 7 shows the first visit followed by 90th
day
visit the P value of which is significant.
In the first visit 12% of patients were having
Xerophthalmia while 126 patients were not having this
on the second visit. It decreased to 9%, third visit it
decreased to 4.
4. Immanuel et al. IJPER | Jul-Sept, 2015; 2(3): 6-10.
9
Table 7: Xerophthalmia
Yes (Mean±SD) No (Mean±SD)
First 12 (0.86±0.28) 126 (0.82±0.56)
30th
9 (0.06±0.24) 124 (1.86±0.49)
60th
3 (0.02±1.95) 135 (1.95±0.29)
90th
2 (0.21±0.14) 134 (1.91±0.41)
Chi square “P”; P value (One way ANOVA) <
0.0001*** Statistical value extremely significant.
BITOT’S SPOTS
Bitot’s spots foamy gray, triangular spots of
keratinized epithelium on the conjunction associated
with vitamin A deficiency.
In the total number of patients at the first visit
99 children have Bitot’s spots a at the 30th
day visit, 78
children having Bitot’s spots at the 60th
day visit and
Bitot’s spots in the 90th
day visit almost came down to
54. Table 8 shows the first visit followed by 90th
day
visit the P value of which is significant.
Table 8: Bitot’s spots
Yes (Mean±SD) No (Mean±SD)
First 99 (1.43±0.91) 39 (0.28±0.45)
30th
78 (1.13±1.00) 60 (0.43±0.50)
60th
60 (0.86±1.00) 78 (0.56±0.50)
90th
54 (0.78±0.98) 84 (0.60±0.49)
Chi square “P”; P value (One way ANOVA) <
0.0071
GUM BLEEDING
Gum bleeding which is also known as
bleeding gums or gingival bleeding is a term used by
deutists is dye to vitamin C deficiency.
In the total number of patients at the first visit
108 children have Gum Bleeding at the 30th
day visit,
78 children having myopia at the 60th
day visit and
Gum Bleeding in the 90th
day visit almost came down
to 60. Table 9 shows the comparative chart shown for
first visit followed by 90th
day visit the P value of
which is significant.
Angular stomatitis refers to inflammation
cracking, or irritation at the cotners of the mouth. As
may be initial sign of anemia or vitamin deficiency.
Table 9: Gum bleeding
Yes (Mean±SD) No (Mean±SD)
First 108 (1.56±0.83) 30 (0.21±0.41)
30th
78 (1.13±1.00) 60 (0.43±0.50)
60th
60 (0.86±1.00) 78 (0.56±0.50)
90th
60 (0.86±1.00) 84 (0.56±0.50)
Chi square “P”; P value (One way ANOVA) <
0.0005***
In the total number of patients at the first visit
105 children have Angular Stomatitis at the 30th
day
visit, 78 children having Angular Stomatitis at the 60th
day visit and Angular Stomatitis in the 90th
day visit
almost came down to 66. Table 9 shows the
comparative chart shown for first visit followed by
90th
day visit the P value of which is significant.
ANGULAR STOMATITIS
Angular stomatitis refers to inflammation
cracking, or irritation at the cotners of the mouth. As
may be initial sign of anemia or vitamin deficiency.
In the total number of patients at the first visit
105 children have Angular Stomatitis at the 30th
day
visit, 78 children having Angular Stomatitis at the 60th
day visit and Angular Stomatitis in the 90th
day visit
almost came down to 66. The table 10 shows the first
visit followed by 90th
day visit the P value of which is
significant.
Table 10: Gum bleeding
Yes (Mean±SD) No (Mean±SD)
First 105 (1.52±0.86) 33 (0.23±0.43)
30th
78 (0.86±1.00) 60 (0.56±0.50)
60th
66 (1.01±1.00) 72 (0.50±0.43)
90th
60 (1.13±1.00) 78 (0.43±0.50)
Chi square “P”; P value (One way ANOVA) <
0.047*
DISCUSSION
Malnutrition is a condition which the body
lacks the essential which needs the daily life possible.
In children in both age 3 months the nutrition essential
are being reached to the baby through his mother
through breast feeding of that essential diet
supplement has to reach to the child through food. In
the study which conducted in rural area the result
found that the total area has been much effected with
malnutrition, even the malnurrtion has cause many
disease to the infants. The ladies also go for work on
early that’s daily work based on did not even go time
to feed the babies properly. The lack of education has
through made a big impact on the children and made
them nutritionally deficient.
CONCLUSION
The study shows that there comes a high
change the in diet of the children and the malnutrition
has been quiet due to this study. Finally it’s found that
the malnutrition due to the lack of education and
uncontrolled diet. The study established the people
5. Immanuel et al. IJPER | Jul-Sept, 2015; 2(3): 6-10.
10
about the diet control and the malnutrition and
reduced.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are grateful to the Management
of Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamilnadu,
India, and Vinayaka Mission’s College of Pharmacy,
Salem, Tamilnadu, India, for providing the necessary
facilities to carry out this research work.
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