The historic and majestic Basilica of Notre-Dame in Montreal. One of the oldest and perhaps the most beautiful church in the entire country. It may not be the largest church you have visited but it is clearly awe inspiring. It is truly a sight to behold and definitely not to be missed when visiting Montreal.
1) The document discusses the decline of the Spanish empire from its peak in the mid-1500s due to a series of costly wars and economic troubles.
2) It then covers the rise of European overseas empires through the 15th-18th centuries as nations established colonies and trade networks in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
3) The transatlantic slave trade played a key role in building and supporting these empires, with millions of enslaved Africans transported to the Americas between 1492-1820.
This document contains images and captions from a textbook on US history from 1500-1776. It includes 15 images related to colonial America, such as maps of Hispaniola and Georgia from the 1500s, portraits of historical figures like Abigail Adams and Queen Elizabeth I, depictions of cities like Philadelphia and Baltimore, and illustrations of topics like slavery and African slave trading. The images provide visual context about the people, places, and events discussed in Chapter 2 of the textbook.
Why Natchez became and remains a living museumJohnSaleeby1
A town with 120 National Register of Historic Places sites, 3 National Park sites, 13 National Historic Landmarks, 5 National Historic Districts, and more than 300 pre Civil War and 200 Victorian era buildings (all most all restored and well maintained) and we’re the terminus of the Natchez Trace a Historic National Parkway.
This document provides a history of Natchez, Mississippi told from the perspective of a tour guide. It summarizes that the author was drawn to Natchez due to its historic aura and buildings. Natchez became prosperous due to its location on the Mississippi River for trade and its fertile lands for cotton agriculture, leading to the construction of many grand homes in the 1800s. The town's historic architecture was preserved through the efforts of the local garden club who began the historic home pilgrimage tours in the 1920s to raise money for preservation.
The document summarizes the history of French colonization in North America between the 1500s-1700s. It discusses the French fur trade with indigenous peoples, the establishment of Quebec in 1608, conflicts with the Iroquois Confederacy, the spread of Catholic Jesuit missionaries, and the founding of Louisiana in the late 1600s-early 1700s. It portrayed the French colonial empire as relying heavily on alliances with native groups but also generating conflicts through trade imbalances and military assistance that disrupted existing power structures.
The document summarizes the development of French colonial empires in North America, focusing on New France and Louisiana. It describes how the French fur trade with indigenous peoples like the Huron led to the establishment of settlements like Quebec and Montreal. It also discusses the alliances and tensions between the French and groups like the Iroquois, as well as the introduction of African slaves to Louisiana plantations. Religious conversion efforts by Jesuit missionaries are outlined.
A PowerPoint that covers the French colony of Canada (New France), and the relations the French had with the natives, and the English colonies. (Created by Mr. Tim Bonnar)
The document discusses the indigenous peoples and colonial powers in North America between 1500-1750. It describes the Algonquian and Iroquoian peoples and their territories. It then discusses the developing fur trade between these groups and Europeans like the French and Dutch. The French established alliances with northern Algonquian groups and tried to convert indigenous peoples to Catholicism through Jesuit missionaries. However, the fur trade undermined these religious efforts. The French colony of New France grew to cover much of North America, but the population remained small and dependent on trade alliances with indigenous peoples.
1) The document discusses the decline of the Spanish empire from its peak in the mid-1500s due to a series of costly wars and economic troubles.
2) It then covers the rise of European overseas empires through the 15th-18th centuries as nations established colonies and trade networks in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
3) The transatlantic slave trade played a key role in building and supporting these empires, with millions of enslaved Africans transported to the Americas between 1492-1820.
This document contains images and captions from a textbook on US history from 1500-1776. It includes 15 images related to colonial America, such as maps of Hispaniola and Georgia from the 1500s, portraits of historical figures like Abigail Adams and Queen Elizabeth I, depictions of cities like Philadelphia and Baltimore, and illustrations of topics like slavery and African slave trading. The images provide visual context about the people, places, and events discussed in Chapter 2 of the textbook.
Why Natchez became and remains a living museumJohnSaleeby1
A town with 120 National Register of Historic Places sites, 3 National Park sites, 13 National Historic Landmarks, 5 National Historic Districts, and more than 300 pre Civil War and 200 Victorian era buildings (all most all restored and well maintained) and we’re the terminus of the Natchez Trace a Historic National Parkway.
This document provides a history of Natchez, Mississippi told from the perspective of a tour guide. It summarizes that the author was drawn to Natchez due to its historic aura and buildings. Natchez became prosperous due to its location on the Mississippi River for trade and its fertile lands for cotton agriculture, leading to the construction of many grand homes in the 1800s. The town's historic architecture was preserved through the efforts of the local garden club who began the historic home pilgrimage tours in the 1920s to raise money for preservation.
The document summarizes the history of French colonization in North America between the 1500s-1700s. It discusses the French fur trade with indigenous peoples, the establishment of Quebec in 1608, conflicts with the Iroquois Confederacy, the spread of Catholic Jesuit missionaries, and the founding of Louisiana in the late 1600s-early 1700s. It portrayed the French colonial empire as relying heavily on alliances with native groups but also generating conflicts through trade imbalances and military assistance that disrupted existing power structures.
The document summarizes the development of French colonial empires in North America, focusing on New France and Louisiana. It describes how the French fur trade with indigenous peoples like the Huron led to the establishment of settlements like Quebec and Montreal. It also discusses the alliances and tensions between the French and groups like the Iroquois, as well as the introduction of African slaves to Louisiana plantations. Religious conversion efforts by Jesuit missionaries are outlined.
A PowerPoint that covers the French colony of Canada (New France), and the relations the French had with the natives, and the English colonies. (Created by Mr. Tim Bonnar)
The document discusses the indigenous peoples and colonial powers in North America between 1500-1750. It describes the Algonquian and Iroquoian peoples and their territories. It then discusses the developing fur trade between these groups and Europeans like the French and Dutch. The French established alliances with northern Algonquian groups and tried to convert indigenous peoples to Catholicism through Jesuit missionaries. However, the fur trade undermined these religious efforts. The French colony of New France grew to cover much of North America, but the population remained small and dependent on trade alliances with indigenous peoples.
Introduction and development of slavery in the thirteen american coloniesPaulo Arieu
The introduction of slavery began in the American colonies in 1619 when a Dutch trader sold 20 African slaves to settlers in Jamestown, Virginia. Slavery expanded greatly over the following centuries as the plantation economy grew in the Southern colonies, fueled by the demand for cotton and other crops. By the late 1700s, over half a million slaves lived in the colonies, mostly in the South. Abolitionist movements gained traction in the late 1700s and early 1800s, but the Constitution did not ban slavery and it continued to be legally institutionalized across the South.
The document summarizes the early history of French colonization in North America, including their settlements in Canada and Louisiana between the 16th-18th centuries. It discusses how the French established the fur trade with indigenous peoples and explored the Mississippi River valley. However, the colonies struggled financially and failed to establish profitable export industries. Most early French colonists in Canada were poor, single men who arrived as indentured servants or soldiers.
The document discusses the Atlantic slave trade between Africa and the West Indies plantations from 1550-1800. It notes that Spanish settlers first introduced sugar cane cultivation to the West Indies after 1500. In the early 1600s, tobacco consumption grew popular in England, and tobacco production in the West Indies expanded through the formation of chartered companies and the use of indentured European servants for cheap labor.
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document is an excerpt from Chapter 1 of The Scarlet Pimpernel by Baroness Orczy. It describes the scene at the West Barricade in Paris in September 1792 during the French Revolution, where Sergeant Bibot is overseeing the gates and ensuring no aristocrats attempt to flee the city to escape execution. Bibot recounts how another sergeant was sent to the guillotine for allowing a family of aristocrats to escape disguised in a cart, which was supposedly driven by the elusive English spy known as the Scarlet Pimpernel. Bibot prepares to close the gates for the night as covered market carts prepare
The document provides an excerpt from Chapter 1 of The Scarlet Pimpernel by Baroness Orczy. It describes the setting of Paris in September 1792 during the French Revolution. Citizens are executing aristocrats daily via the guillotine. At the barricades, Sergeant Bibot enjoys catching aristocrats trying to escape disguised and sends them to their deaths. He brags about how he will catch the elusive English spy known as the Scarlet Pimpernel who has been helping many aristocrats escape France.
The document summarizes the interactions between European colonizers and Native Americans in North America, specifically in Canada. It describes how the French established trading partnerships with northern Algonquian tribes for fish, whales, and furs. This broke the Algonquians' alliance with the more aggressive Iroquoian tribes to the south, who partnered with the Dutch. The introduction of European goods and weapons escalated conflicts between tribes. The French took a different approach in Canada than other colonizers, allying with and relying on native warriors. They also had some success in missionary efforts by learning indigenous languages and building churches in native villages.
The document summarizes sections from "The Jesuit Relations" about the Jesuit missionary work in New France (Canada) in the 1600s-1700s. It describes the indigenous peoples like the Iroquois and Algonquians, the founding of Jesuit missions, the spread of disease, tensions and wars over land between indigenous groups and European settlers, writings about the natural environment, and explorations like Jacques Marquette's voyage down the Mississippi River. Disease wiped out much of the indigenous population. Conflict increased as European settlers colonized more indigenous lands for agriculture.
Suriname is a country in South America that was colonized by members of white tribes from the Netherlands. Some Africans enslaved by the Dutch men and women from the Netherlands fled the brutal and inhumane treatment to which they were subjected and lived in the forests of Suriname. One of the more shameful acts of that horrific period was the deliberate drowning of 664 African men, women and children. On January 1, 1738, the “Leusden” a ship owned by the Dutch West India Company was carrying 680 African men, women and children through Suriname when it was caught in a storm. The captain of the ship ordered the crew to lock the Africans below deck where they were shackled. He would not give them the opportunity to swim to safety and sentenced 664 African men, women and children to death by drowning as the boat sank in the Maroni River, and the crew escaped on lifeboats with 16 enslaved Africans who they sold in Suriname.
The British East India Company ruled India through a system of colonial exploitation from the 17th century until the mid-19th century. It established trading posts and gradually expanded its territorial control as the Mughal Empire declined. Figures like Robert Clive and policies of mercantilism allowed the Company to dominate Indian politics and loot the subcontinent's resources to fuel Britain's industrialization. Growing unrest among Indian soldiers, or sepoys, over cultural insensitivities like greased cartridges led to the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, which ended Company rule and established direct control by the British Crown as the Raj.
The document summarizes the establishment and development of French colonial empires in Canada and Louisiana between the 16th and 18th centuries. It discusses the French fur trade with indigenous groups, the establishment of settlements, competition with other European powers, relations and alliances with native peoples, and the economic dependence of New France on the fur trade. Key events included the French allying with Algonquians and Hurons against the Iroquois, competition with the Dutch fur trade, growth of the upper country population, and maintaining alliances being critical to containing British colonial expansion.
The document profiles several individuals who struggled against discrimination in the late 1700s-early 1800s:
- Michaela Angela Carrillo was a Native American widow in Mexico who sold pulque and wanted her illegitimate daughters to inherit her property, which her son contested.
- Francisco Baquero was a shoemaker in Buenos Aires who faced racial discrimination as a mestizo trying to join a guild. He appealed to authorities in Madrid and later a segregated non-white guild was permitted.
- Damiana da Cunha was a catechist among the Caiapo people in Brazil who helped them adapt to settlers while maintaining aspects of their culture.
Richard I, known as Richard the Lionheart, was King of England from 1189 to 1199. He spent most of his reign fighting in the Third Crusade and defending his French territories rather than in England. Though he won victories against Saladin, he failed to retake Jerusalem for Christians. Richard had no legitimate heirs, leading to conflict after his death over the English and French succession. His lack of an heir was the beginning of the dissolution of the Angevin Empire that his father had built.
The French established settlements in North America in the 16th century to avoid conflicts with the Spanish in the south. They formed alliances with Algonquian tribes, making the Iroquois their enemies. The lucrative fur trade led to overhunting of beaver by Native Americans and conflicts between tribes. The Iroquois conducted violent raids on other tribes, aided by guns from the Dutch fur trade. Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Native Americans to Catholicism by learning their languages and customs. French colonies in Canada and Louisiana struggled due to harsh climates, poor agricultural conditions, and high costs of maintaining forts and trade relations with Native Americans.
This document provides instructions for a grade 7 assignment on the British and French colonies in North America. Students are asked to create a T-chart comparing Rupert's Land and the Thirteen Colonies, collecting information on population, reasons for settlement, religion, economy, and government. For New France, students must gather similar data from multiple pages in their textbook. The document then provides details on the economy, government, Catholic church, population efforts, and social structure of New France to help students complete the assignment.
The French established colonies in North America focused on fur trading. They established good relations with local Indian groups like the Iroquois to help protect their economic interests from other colonial powers. However, European diseases severely impacted Indian populations. The French colony of New France struggled to become self-sustaining due to a lack of economic opportunities and difficulties attracting permanent settlers from France. Conflicts with British colonies eventually led the French to lose most of their North American territories.
Africans brought to the Americas as slaves often faced torture and were punished harshly through whippings and floggings if they disobeyed. While some slaves like Gurtudis de Escobar were born into slavery, it was very rare for a slave to gain freedom. Mulattos had more social mobility than Africans. Native Americans suffered greatly from diseases introduced by Europeans as well as invading forces with superior weapons. Some Native Americans like Red Shoes learned to take advantage of alliances with European colonizers by trading for guns. The Spanish relied on conquistadors and forced indigenous groups to convert to Christianity. The Portuguese traded over 1.8 million slaves annually to work on sugar plantations in Brazil. The
1) The French originally tried settling close to Spain but were wiped out, forcing them to settle in the safer northern latitudes of North America. The fur trade became crucial to sustaining the French colonies.
2) The French allied with some Native American tribes but made enemies of the Iroquois Confederacy, leading to frequent raids that disrupted French fur trading.
3) Disease and violence escalated in the mid-17th century as the Iroquois launched genocidal attacks, destroying French colonies and other Native villages to replenish their own declining population. The French colonies struggled to be profitable and yielded little return for the investment.
The document discusses the history of French colonization in North America. It describes the relationships between the French and indigenous groups like the Iroquois and Algonquian peoples. The French formed alliances with some tribes but were in conflict with the powerful Iroquois Confederacy. The fur trade was important but ultimately the French colonies struggled due to a lack of population growth and financial difficulties supporting the colonies. The French became reliant on indigenous peoples for trade and defense of their territories against the expanding British colonies.
Colonial rule in Africa from 1900-1945 brought economic and social changes that primarily benefited Europeans. A small European presence dominated African economies by developing exports of raw materials. Africans were forced to work under harsh conditions for little pay in European-owned mines and plantations. Colonial policies undermined public health and the African family while cities saw racial discrimination. Many Africans converted to Christianity or Islam introduced by missionaries as a reaction to colonial domination.
Introduction and development of slavery in the thirteen american coloniesPaulo Arieu
The introduction of slavery began in the American colonies in 1619 when a Dutch trader sold 20 African slaves to settlers in Jamestown, Virginia. Slavery expanded greatly over the following centuries as the plantation economy grew in the Southern colonies, fueled by the demand for cotton and other crops. By the late 1700s, over half a million slaves lived in the colonies, mostly in the South. Abolitionist movements gained traction in the late 1700s and early 1800s, but the Constitution did not ban slavery and it continued to be legally institutionalized across the South.
The document summarizes the early history of French colonization in North America, including their settlements in Canada and Louisiana between the 16th-18th centuries. It discusses how the French established the fur trade with indigenous peoples and explored the Mississippi River valley. However, the colonies struggled financially and failed to establish profitable export industries. Most early French colonists in Canada were poor, single men who arrived as indentured servants or soldiers.
The document discusses the Atlantic slave trade between Africa and the West Indies plantations from 1550-1800. It notes that Spanish settlers first introduced sugar cane cultivation to the West Indies after 1500. In the early 1600s, tobacco consumption grew popular in England, and tobacco production in the West Indies expanded through the formation of chartered companies and the use of indentured European servants for cheap labor.
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document is an excerpt from Chapter 1 of The Scarlet Pimpernel by Baroness Orczy. It describes the scene at the West Barricade in Paris in September 1792 during the French Revolution, where Sergeant Bibot is overseeing the gates and ensuring no aristocrats attempt to flee the city to escape execution. Bibot recounts how another sergeant was sent to the guillotine for allowing a family of aristocrats to escape disguised in a cart, which was supposedly driven by the elusive English spy known as the Scarlet Pimpernel. Bibot prepares to close the gates for the night as covered market carts prepare
The document provides an excerpt from Chapter 1 of The Scarlet Pimpernel by Baroness Orczy. It describes the setting of Paris in September 1792 during the French Revolution. Citizens are executing aristocrats daily via the guillotine. At the barricades, Sergeant Bibot enjoys catching aristocrats trying to escape disguised and sends them to their deaths. He brags about how he will catch the elusive English spy known as the Scarlet Pimpernel who has been helping many aristocrats escape France.
The document summarizes the interactions between European colonizers and Native Americans in North America, specifically in Canada. It describes how the French established trading partnerships with northern Algonquian tribes for fish, whales, and furs. This broke the Algonquians' alliance with the more aggressive Iroquoian tribes to the south, who partnered with the Dutch. The introduction of European goods and weapons escalated conflicts between tribes. The French took a different approach in Canada than other colonizers, allying with and relying on native warriors. They also had some success in missionary efforts by learning indigenous languages and building churches in native villages.
The document summarizes sections from "The Jesuit Relations" about the Jesuit missionary work in New France (Canada) in the 1600s-1700s. It describes the indigenous peoples like the Iroquois and Algonquians, the founding of Jesuit missions, the spread of disease, tensions and wars over land between indigenous groups and European settlers, writings about the natural environment, and explorations like Jacques Marquette's voyage down the Mississippi River. Disease wiped out much of the indigenous population. Conflict increased as European settlers colonized more indigenous lands for agriculture.
Suriname is a country in South America that was colonized by members of white tribes from the Netherlands. Some Africans enslaved by the Dutch men and women from the Netherlands fled the brutal and inhumane treatment to which they were subjected and lived in the forests of Suriname. One of the more shameful acts of that horrific period was the deliberate drowning of 664 African men, women and children. On January 1, 1738, the “Leusden” a ship owned by the Dutch West India Company was carrying 680 African men, women and children through Suriname when it was caught in a storm. The captain of the ship ordered the crew to lock the Africans below deck where they were shackled. He would not give them the opportunity to swim to safety and sentenced 664 African men, women and children to death by drowning as the boat sank in the Maroni River, and the crew escaped on lifeboats with 16 enslaved Africans who they sold in Suriname.
The British East India Company ruled India through a system of colonial exploitation from the 17th century until the mid-19th century. It established trading posts and gradually expanded its territorial control as the Mughal Empire declined. Figures like Robert Clive and policies of mercantilism allowed the Company to dominate Indian politics and loot the subcontinent's resources to fuel Britain's industrialization. Growing unrest among Indian soldiers, or sepoys, over cultural insensitivities like greased cartridges led to the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, which ended Company rule and established direct control by the British Crown as the Raj.
The document summarizes the establishment and development of French colonial empires in Canada and Louisiana between the 16th and 18th centuries. It discusses the French fur trade with indigenous groups, the establishment of settlements, competition with other European powers, relations and alliances with native peoples, and the economic dependence of New France on the fur trade. Key events included the French allying with Algonquians and Hurons against the Iroquois, competition with the Dutch fur trade, growth of the upper country population, and maintaining alliances being critical to containing British colonial expansion.
The document profiles several individuals who struggled against discrimination in the late 1700s-early 1800s:
- Michaela Angela Carrillo was a Native American widow in Mexico who sold pulque and wanted her illegitimate daughters to inherit her property, which her son contested.
- Francisco Baquero was a shoemaker in Buenos Aires who faced racial discrimination as a mestizo trying to join a guild. He appealed to authorities in Madrid and later a segregated non-white guild was permitted.
- Damiana da Cunha was a catechist among the Caiapo people in Brazil who helped them adapt to settlers while maintaining aspects of their culture.
Richard I, known as Richard the Lionheart, was King of England from 1189 to 1199. He spent most of his reign fighting in the Third Crusade and defending his French territories rather than in England. Though he won victories against Saladin, he failed to retake Jerusalem for Christians. Richard had no legitimate heirs, leading to conflict after his death over the English and French succession. His lack of an heir was the beginning of the dissolution of the Angevin Empire that his father had built.
The French established settlements in North America in the 16th century to avoid conflicts with the Spanish in the south. They formed alliances with Algonquian tribes, making the Iroquois their enemies. The lucrative fur trade led to overhunting of beaver by Native Americans and conflicts between tribes. The Iroquois conducted violent raids on other tribes, aided by guns from the Dutch fur trade. Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Native Americans to Catholicism by learning their languages and customs. French colonies in Canada and Louisiana struggled due to harsh climates, poor agricultural conditions, and high costs of maintaining forts and trade relations with Native Americans.
This document provides instructions for a grade 7 assignment on the British and French colonies in North America. Students are asked to create a T-chart comparing Rupert's Land and the Thirteen Colonies, collecting information on population, reasons for settlement, religion, economy, and government. For New France, students must gather similar data from multiple pages in their textbook. The document then provides details on the economy, government, Catholic church, population efforts, and social structure of New France to help students complete the assignment.
The French established colonies in North America focused on fur trading. They established good relations with local Indian groups like the Iroquois to help protect their economic interests from other colonial powers. However, European diseases severely impacted Indian populations. The French colony of New France struggled to become self-sustaining due to a lack of economic opportunities and difficulties attracting permanent settlers from France. Conflicts with British colonies eventually led the French to lose most of their North American territories.
Africans brought to the Americas as slaves often faced torture and were punished harshly through whippings and floggings if they disobeyed. While some slaves like Gurtudis de Escobar were born into slavery, it was very rare for a slave to gain freedom. Mulattos had more social mobility than Africans. Native Americans suffered greatly from diseases introduced by Europeans as well as invading forces with superior weapons. Some Native Americans like Red Shoes learned to take advantage of alliances with European colonizers by trading for guns. The Spanish relied on conquistadors and forced indigenous groups to convert to Christianity. The Portuguese traded over 1.8 million slaves annually to work on sugar plantations in Brazil. The
1) The French originally tried settling close to Spain but were wiped out, forcing them to settle in the safer northern latitudes of North America. The fur trade became crucial to sustaining the French colonies.
2) The French allied with some Native American tribes but made enemies of the Iroquois Confederacy, leading to frequent raids that disrupted French fur trading.
3) Disease and violence escalated in the mid-17th century as the Iroquois launched genocidal attacks, destroying French colonies and other Native villages to replenish their own declining population. The French colonies struggled to be profitable and yielded little return for the investment.
The document discusses the history of French colonization in North America. It describes the relationships between the French and indigenous groups like the Iroquois and Algonquian peoples. The French formed alliances with some tribes but were in conflict with the powerful Iroquois Confederacy. The fur trade was important but ultimately the French colonies struggled due to a lack of population growth and financial difficulties supporting the colonies. The French became reliant on indigenous peoples for trade and defense of their territories against the expanding British colonies.
Colonial rule in Africa from 1900-1945 brought economic and social changes that primarily benefited Europeans. A small European presence dominated African economies by developing exports of raw materials. Africans were forced to work under harsh conditions for little pay in European-owned mines and plantations. Colonial policies undermined public health and the African family while cities saw racial discrimination. Many Africans converted to Christianity or Islam introduced by missionaries as a reaction to colonial domination.
The document discusses various locations in the province of Quebec, Canada including the cities of Quebec City and Montreal as well as natural landmarks like rivers, waterfalls, and lakes. Specific sites mentioned include Notre Dame basilica, cliffs on Hudson Street, and countryside views of the Hudson Bay and seals.
Quebec City is the capital of the Canadian province of Quebec. It was founded in 1608 and is one of the oldest European settlements in North America. Throughout its over 400 years of existence, Quebec City has served as a capital for various political entities, including French Canada, Lower Canada, and the current Province of Quebec.
Culture & Civilization of Quebec (Montreal), Jan. 2010 (FR 291)Wagner College
In January 2010, students in Wagner College's "Culture & Civilization of Quebec" course (FR 291) spent a week in Montreal, studying in person what they had previously studied in the classroom. The course was part of Wagner's Expanding Your Horizons program. To view the video presentation that accompanies this PowerPoint presentation, go to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgsEK1yK59E
This document summarizes the history of immigration to the UK from various sources over many centuries, beginning with Celtic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Viking, and Norman invasions in ancient times. It discusses waves of Jewish, Flemish, Walloon, Huguenot, Palatine, Irish, and other European immigrants between the medieval era through the 19th century. It notes that many immigrants came from Britain's former colonies after World War 2 to help rebuild the country. Sources of additional information on specific immigrant groups are provided.
France has a long history dating back to 600 BC when Greek settlers founded Marseille. Key events include the Roman conquest in the 1st century BC and the rise of the Frankish kingdom that evolved into France. In the Middle Ages, France was at the center of vibrant cultural production in Europe. The French Revolution in 1789 established France as a democratic republic and introduced national symbols like the tricolour flag. France has a diverse population and was historically divided between northern and southern linguistic regions, though French is now the dominant language. While the majority of France follows Catholicism, the country has a secular government and religious diversity among its population. Food and meals play an important social and cultural role in French daily life.
The document summarizes French colonization in North America, including the following key points:
1) The Iroquois Confederacy formed between 1570-1600 as an alliance between the Seneca, Onondaga, Mohawk, Oneida, and Cayuga tribes for mutual protection. They became formidable enemies to the French.
2) The fur trade was a major industry starting in the 1500s, with the French trading goods to Native Americans in exchange for beaver pelts and other furs. This trade encouraged further French exploration of North America.
3) In the 1600s, the Dutch also engaged in the fur trade with tribes like the Mohawks, exchanging weapons for fur and making the
The French Revolution began in 1789 and overthrew the French monarchy and established a republic. It was inspired by liberal and radical ideas from the Enlightenment and profoundly altered modern history by replacing absolute monarchies with republics and democracies. The Revolution started with the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 and continued until Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power. It had far-reaching social and political impacts in France and beyond.
This document provides information about Louisiana Creole heritage and identity. It discusses the history of Creoles in New Orleans from the city's founding in 1718 through waves of French, Spanish, and African settlers. Creoles developed a unique culture that blended these influences, especially in terms of language, religion, and social structures. The document profiles important Creole figures and organizations that celebrate and promote Creole culture today.
The document summarizes the French settlements in North America, including Canada, Iroquoia, and Louisiana. It describes how the French settled in Canada along the St. Lawrence River to trade furs with local Algonquin and Iroquoian tribes. They relied on alliances with native groups for survival. The French also established settlements in Louisiana with the goal of expanding the fur trade, though Louisiana struggled with an underdeveloped economy. Conflicts arose between the French, English, Spanish, and various native tribes as they competed for resources and trade in North America.
The Creole people of Louisiana descended from European colonial settlers who intermarried with non-European peoples. Immigration from France began in the late 17th century as France claimed Louisiana and settlers arrived. In the mid-18th century, thousands of Acadians expelled from Canada also settled in Louisiana. Spain acquired Louisiana from France in the late 18th century, and Spanish settlers like the Canary Islanders arrived. African slaves were also brought to the region beginning in the early 18th century. The diverse cultures of European, African, and Native American peoples in Louisiana contributed to the unique Creole culture.
The document provides information on various topics related to European colonization of North America, including the international slave trade to Brazil, the Dutch and Portuguese empires, English and French colonies, and Native Americans. Specifically, it discusses how between 3.6-5 million slaves were transported to Brazil over centuries, how the Dutch supplanted the Portuguese in Asian trade routes, the founding and growth of English colonies in North America, the slow colonization of New France compared to English colonies, and that Native Americans lived in independent nations across North America when Europeans first arrived.
1) The document summarizes information about the Portuguese, Dutch, and English involvement in the international slave trade to Brazil between the 16th and 19th centuries. It discusses the large numbers of slaves transported by sailing ships to Brazil and laws passed in the 1820s making the slave trade illegal.
2) It also discusses the Dutch supplanting the Portuguese in the spice and silk trade from Asia to Europe in the 17th century. The Dutch captured the principal Portuguese fortified trading post in West Africa in 1637.
3) Sources used in the document include academic journals and textbooks on American colonial history and the slave trade.
Miguel de Cervantes was born in 1547 in Spain and traveled extensively in his youth as the son of a barber-surgeon. He fought bravely against the Turks in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, losing the use of his left hand. Later, he was captured by Barbary pirates and spent five years as a slave in Algiers before being ransomed. After returning to Spain, he struggled financially but found success as a writer with his pastoral romance La Galatea in 1585 and, most famously, with Don Quixote, published in two parts in 1605 and 1615. Don Quixote had a massive influence on later literature and established Cervantes as
This document provides information about France in 3 paragraphs. The first paragraph discusses France's early history from Paleolithic settlement through the Roman conquest. The second paragraph covers the division of Charlemagne's empire in 843 and the rise of the Capetian dynasty starting in 987. The third paragraph briefly outlines some key events in French history from the Middle Ages through the Renaissance, including the Hundred Years' War and Wars of Religion. It mentions several rulers and discusses the establishment of the Bourbon dynasty.
This document provides background information on France in three sections. It begins with a brief history of France from prehistoric times through the Middle Ages and establishment of the Capetian dynasty in 987 AD. The second section describes France's geography, highlighting major mountain ranges and rivers. The third section provides a timeline of important events and periods in French history from prehistory through the Napoleonic era. It discusses the rise and fall of empires and dynasties that shaped France.
The document discusses Bastille Day (July 14th), the national holiday of France. It summarizes that on July 14, 1789, angry Parisian crowds stormed the Bastille prison, freeing the few prisoners inside and marking the start of the French Revolution against the monarchy. Today, Bastille Day commemorates this event with military parades, fireworks, and celebrations across France.
This document provides a historical overview of immigration to France from pre-Roman times to the present. It discusses how immigration contributed economically at different periods, including the immigration of Greeks and Phoenicians who established trade in Gaul before the Roman conquest. Under the Romans, Gaul experienced Romanization and internal migration from other parts of the Empire. After the fall of Rome, the Franks conquered Gaul and established control, influencing the culture. From the Middle Ages to the French Revolution, France experienced waves of immigration including Vikings to Normandy and settlement of its colonial empire, which had profound impacts on immigration. Currently, France faces challenges and opportunities from its long history of immigration and emigration.
This document provides a summary of research conducted by a group of students on France. It begins with a brief overview of the archeological history of settlements in France dating back to Paleolithic times. It then outlines some of the major political developments in France, including the Treaty of Verdun which divided Frankish territory, the rise of the Capetian dynasty, and the establishment of Paris as the capital. The document also includes sections on French geography, the etymology and flag of France, the French language, and notable French accomplishments in fashion, food, and other areas. It concludes with a timeline of major events in French history from prehistory to the Napoleonic era. Costumes from different time periods and social classes
This document provides a summary of research conducted by a group of students on the history and culture of France. It covers the following key points:
1. France has been continuously settled since Paleolithic times, with Celts migrating in around 600 BC and the country becoming part of the Roman Empire until the 5th century AD.
2. The modern nation of France began taking shape in the 9th century following the Treaty of Verdun which divided Frankish territory among Charlemagne's grandsons.
3. Key aspects of French culture discussed include its fashion industry centered in Paris, renowned cuisine influenced by regional styles, and the French language which evolved from Latin and is now spoken internationally.
This document provides a summary of research conducted by a group of students on the history and culture of France. It covers the following key points:
1. France has been continuously settled since Paleolithic times, with Celts migrating in around 600 BC and the country becoming part of the Roman Empire until the 5th century AD.
2. The modern nation of France began taking shape in the 9th century following the Treaty of Verdun which divided Frankish territory among Charlemagne's grandsons.
3. Key aspects of French culture discussed include its fashion industry centered in Paris, renowned cuisine influenced by regional styles, and the French language which evolved from Latin and is now spoken internationally.
This document provides a summary of research conducted by a group of students on France. It begins with a brief overview of the archeological and historical background of France, including the Celtic migrations, Roman conquest, and Frankish invasions. It then discusses the geography of France and provides timelines of important political and cultural developments throughout French history from prehistory to the Napoleonic era. The document also includes sections on the etymology and flag of France, as well as summaries of research on French fashion, food, and costumes from different time periods.
The document discusses the history of European colonization in various regions including Spain, Portugal, England, France, and the Dutch Republic during the 16th-18th centuries. It describes the establishment and growth of European empires, exploration and conquest of new lands, economic and political developments, and conflicts between European powers in their pursuit of territorial expansion and control of trade.
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The Historic and Majestic Basilica of Notre-Dame in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
1. proudly presents:
The Notre Dame Basilica
of
Montréal, Québec, Canada.
written & photographed by: Fergus JM Ducharme,
assisted by: Roselyn J. Parrenas & Jessica Ducharme- Gauthier.
2.
3. She Who Must be Obeyed # 1
(my wife Roselyn Parrenas) along with
She Who Must be Obeyed # 2
(my daughter Jessica Gauthier)
At the outset I want to sincerely thank my companions on this trip who were:
4.
5. We traveled to Montréal particularly to see “Old Montréal” the impressive and historic district of this
cosmopolitan city. The city is note worthy for being one of the largest French speaking cities of the world
outside of France.
Montréal was actually first ‘discovered, as we have seen previously in our Explorers Series, when we brought
you the story of Jacques Cartier. He ‘discovered Canada’ in the 1530’s and subsequently was the first
European to visit the Iroquois Village of Hochelaga, where the current city of Montréal is located in October of
1535.
Seventy years after Cartier, explorer Samuel de Champlain went to Hochelaga, but the village no longer
existed, nor was there sign of any human habitation in the valley. Champlain decided to establish a fur trading
post at Place Royal on the Island of Montreal, but the Mowhawk, based mostly in present-day New York,
successfully defended what had by then become their hunting grounds and paths for their war parties. It was
not until 1639 that the French created a permanent settlement on the Island of Montreal, started by tax
collector Jerome le Royer de la Dauversiere. Under the authority of the Roman Catholic Société Notre Dame
de Montréal, missionaries Paul Chomedey de Maisoneuve, Jeanne Mance and a few French colonists set up
a mission named Ville Marie on May 17, 1642 as part of a project to create a colony dedicated to the Virgin
Mary. In 1644, Jeanne Mance founded the Hôtel-Dieu, the first hospital in North America north of Mexico.
Paul Chomedey de Maisoneuve was governor of the colony. On January 4, 1648, he granted Pierre Gadois
(who was in his fifties) the first concession of land - some 40 acres (160,000 m2).
8. In 1650, family Grou, the lineage of historian Lionel Groulx, arrived from Rouen France and established a
land holding known as Coulée Grou which is today encompassed by the borough Rivière-des-Prairies &
Pointe-aux-Trembles. In November 1653, another 140 French arrived to enlarge the settlement.
By 1651, Ville-Marie had been reduced to less than 50 inhabitants by repeated attacks by the Mohawk.
Maisonneuve returned to France that year to recruit 100 men to bolster the failing colony. He had already
decided that should he fail to recruit these settlers, he would abandon Ville-Marie and move everyone
back downriver to Québec City. (Even 10 years after its founding, the people of Quebec City still thought
of Montreal as "une folle entreprise" - a crazy undertaking.) These recruits arrived on 16 November 1653
and essentially guaranteed the evolution of Ville Marie and of all New France.
In 1653, Marguerite Bourgeoy arrived to serve as a teacher. She founded Montreal's first school that year,
as well as the Congrégation of the Sisters of Notre Dame, which became mostly a teaching order . In
1663, the Sulpician seminary became the new Seigneur of the island.
Ville Marie would become a centre for the fur trade. The town was fortified in 1725. The French and
Iroquois Wars threatened the survival of Ville-Marie until a peace treaty (see the Great Peace of Montreal
was signed at Montreal in 1701. With the Great Peace, Montreal and the surrounding seigneuries nearby
could develop without the fear of Iroquois raids.
The Population of the Island of the Montreal during French rule consisted of both natives and French.
When the first census was conducted in the colony in 1666, the French population was 659 with an
estimated native population of 1000. According to the sources, this was the only point when the native
population was higher than the French population on the Island of Montreal. By 1716, the French
population had grown to 4,409 people while the native population was 1,177. The French Population of
Montreal began slowly through immigration. In 1642 a party of 50 Frenchmen representing the Societe de
Notre Dame de Montreal pour la conversion des Sauvages de la Nouvelle France set foot on the island
that the Compagnie des Cent Associes donated.
9. The initial settlement had 150 individuals in the first ten years; few remained for long because the site of
Montreal was vulnerable to Iroquois attacks. Immigration to Montreal increased thereafter; between
1653 and 1659, 200 persons arrived.
Eventually approximately 1200 to 1500 immigrants settled on the island of Montreal between 1642 and
1714; 75% remained and half of them came before 1670. Immigrants came from different regions of
France: 65 percent of the immigrants were rural; 25 percent of the immigrants were from the largest
cities of France; 10 percent from smaller urban communities. These immigrants came from different
groups the largest of which were indentured servants, they were half of the males, excluding those still in
service that potentially could go home.
By 1681, indentured labour had seen its heyday in both the colony and in Montreal, only religious
communities and the richest supported engages who performed agricultural labour. Another prominent
group of immigrants was soldiers who accounted for a fifth of all immigrants. Soldiers who came in the
early part of the colony’s history became the notable residents of Ville-Marie, and eventually Montreal.
Immigrants from a miscellaneous background, who paid their own way to the colony, were an additional
fifth of the immigrants to Montreal. Women also came to the colony, ¾ of all women were single, and
looking for husband, these were truly permanent residents since single women and whole families did
not intend to return to France. The thirty-one girls who arrived in Montreal with the 1653 and 1659
married within the year, some within weeks of landing.
Between 1646 and 1717, 178 French girls were married on the Island of Montreal, 20 percent of the
overall permanent immigrants. During this period the merchant population was relatively small, a
hundred came. This was because Quebec City was the primary place for merchants to immigrate to; all
the merchants who came to Montreal were related to a resident or another merchant.
10.
11. During the 17th century there were drastic change in the demographics of Montreal. In 1666, 56 percent of
the population was newcomers to Montreal; by 1681, 66% of Montreal was native-born.The sex ratio
163:100 was male to female in 1666; 1681 it was 133:100. Although the population of Montreal was still
dominated by males, the female population grew. The rural proportion represented two-thirds in the first 40
years; however, by 1715-1730 the urban proportion was about 45 percent. Data from 1681 to 1739 show
that the point of equilibrium was reached around 1695, with males accounting for 51.6 percent of the
population. This percent of the population was maintained until 1710, through immigration that was
predominantly male. The infant mortality rates in Montreal grew from 9.8% in 1676 to 18.0% to 1706-1715.
Illegitimacy rate for Montreal was 1.87 percent higher than the rest of colony due to the status of the
Montreal as a garrison town; some unwed mothers from the countryside would abandon their children in
the town. Despite some differences in the pattern of population in comparison to the rest of the colony,
Montreal’s population developed at approximately the same rhythm as that of the whole colony. In the 18th
century, the population grew at an even rate of 2.5 percent per annum until 1725 when the growth rate
decreased to 0.7 percent per annum.
Military History of Montreal
In 1645, a fort was established on the island of Montreal and this was the beginning of Montreal’s military
history. The fort was key and effective in repelling the raids of the Iroquois and would become a station for
soldiers for years to come. After the arrival of Maisonneuve in the Second Foundation in 1653, Montreal
became a front for activity throughout New France and a key launching point for expeditions into the
frontier. Montreal did not become reinforced however until after the establishment of New France as a
province and the welcoming of the ‘king’s engineers’ who came with the military reinforcements. Many of
the expeditions who went out to explore Ontario and the Ohio River Valley would start in Montreal, but
much of the time in the beginning they would not make it far or they would be forced to return by hostile
native forces.
12. During the early 1700s, many military expeditions left from Montreal to finally deal with the Hostile natives
and to strengthen alliances with the Native allies. This led to one of the most significant events to occur in
Montreal during this period was the Great Peace of 1701. The conference took place in August and was
between the French and representatives of thirty-nine different Aboriginal nations. For the conference an
estimated 2000-3000 people (including roughly 1300 native delegates) entered a theatre south of Pointe-
à-Callière to listen to speeches given by French leaders and native chiefs. The French engaged in many
Aboriginal gestures of peace, including the burying of hatchets, the exchange of wampum belts, and the
use of peace pipes. While the French signed their names using their alphabet, the Aboriginal leaders
notably used totem symbols to sign the treaty. The Great Peace resulted in an end to the Iroquois Wars
and, according to historian Gilles Havard, “ostensibly (brought) peace to the vast territory extending from
Acadia in the East to the Mississippi in the west, and from James Bay in the north to Missouri in the
south”. The French had hoped to form a military frontier with their Native allies along the borders on New
France against the advancing British colonies. The military thus established many forts along the
‘borders’ down the Ohio Valley into New Orleans. Many of these such as Detroit relied on Montreal to
reinforce them with supplies and military men furthering Montreal’s military involvement and development.
Due to the importance of Montreal to New France, a double wall 6.4 metres tall and over three kilometres
long was erected in 1737 (after twenty years of construction) to protect the city. Only some of the base of
the wall remains today. This helped make Montreal the most militarily capable town in New France, and
so when the seven years war started Montreal was declared the military headquarters for operations in
the North American Theater. As the military headquarters, the number of military men in Montreal began
to increase and the town itself was further expanded and stressed Montreal for supplies. In 1757 the
amount of soldiers and Natives stationed in Montreal had gotten so great that Pierre de Rigaud de
Vaudreuil the governour of New France realized they needed to take action on a campaign or the army
and the town would begin to suffer from starvation. This led to the great campaign of 1757 and with his
large force of Native allies and the ‘bronzed soldiery of France General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm
moved the large force out of Montreal and left a garrison in its place, relieving the pressure on the city to
supply the military slightly.
13. Montcalm was very successful in his military efforts keeping spirits in Montreal high and the people hopeful.
After his victory at Carillon Montcalm returned to Montreal having just defeated 16,000 British forces
Montcalm seemed to be in a good position. This would prove false, because of Montcalm’s lack of troops in
comparison to the British. Learning of an invasion coming over the Saint Laurence Montcalm took his forces
to reinforce Quebec City. Montcalm would die there and Quebec City would be lost, this caused a major
shock in Montreal as it now seemed they were doomed and though the city was also briefly established as
the capital, but with three British armies headed for it the town would not last long. In September 1760, the
French forces finally capitulated to the British and the French colonial rule ended in Montreal.
Surrender of the colony:
Ville-Marie remained French settlement until 1760, when Pierre Francois de Rigaud, the Marquis of
Vaudreuil-Cavagnal surrendered it to the British army under Lord Amherst. With Great Britain's victory in
the Seven Years War, the Treaty of Paris in 1763 marked its end, with the French being forced to
cede Canada and all its dependencies to the other nation.
As a British colony, and with immigration no longer limited to members of the Roman Catholic religion, the
city began to grow from British immigration. Often having suffered loss of property and personal attacks
during hostilities, thousands of English-speaking Loyalists migrated to Canada from the American colonies
during and after the American Revolution. The government provided most with land, settling them in what
became Ontario to the west, as well as Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to the east. With 19th-century
immigration, more and more English-speaking merchants and residents continued to arrive in what had by
then become known as Montreal. Soon the main language of commerce in the city was English. The golden
era of fur trading began in the city with the advent of the locally owned North West Company, the main rival
to the primarily British Hudson’s Bay Company. The town's population was majority Francophones until
around the 1830s. From the 1830s, to about 1865, it was inhabited by a majority of Anglophones, most of
recent immigration from the British Isles or other parts of British North America. Fire destroyed one quarter
of the town on May 18, 1765.
20. As we saw earlier, Montreal was actually founded by three people – they were: Jerome le Royer de la
Dauversiere, Paul Chomedey de Maisoneuve and Jeanne Mance on May 17, 1642. They named their
settlement Ville Marie.
Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière a
French nobleman spent his life in serving
the needs of the poor. A founder of the
Société Notre-Dame de Montréal, he also
helped to establish the French colony of
Montreal. B: March 18, 1597, La Fleche,
France. D: November 6, 1659, La Fleche,
France. Le Royer was beautified by
Pope Benedict in 2007.
On June 1, 1641, Jeanne Mance and the
first colonists set sail for New
France Miss Mance looked after the
produce and merchandise necessary for
the subsistence of the first French
inhabitants of the island, built a hospital,
nursed the sick and wounded, and
prepared for the arrival of the Daughters
of St. Joseph.
At the age of 30, he was hired
by Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière ,
a Jesuits who was head of the Societe
Notre-Dame de Montreal. Le Royer had
a vision that inspired him to build a
mission on Montreal Island in New
France. Maisonneuve was hired to lead
the colonists and ensure their safety in
the new land.
21. The square where the Basilica is located is surrounded by some rather impressive and noteworthy
buildings. They include:
The Bank of Montreal. The oldest banking institution
in British North America founded on November 3rd,
1817, incorporated by Royal Charter July 2nd, 1822.
This building was erected in 1847.
26. The St Sulpice Seminary (1685) currently under renovation and refurbishment.
27.
28. The Old Sulpician Seminary is the oldest standing building in Montréal. Designed by François Dollier de
Casson, at the time the head of the Sulpicians in Montréal, it was started in 1684 and modified several times
thereafter. It is the finest example in Montréal of institutional architecture dating from the French Régime.
With its cartouche, dated 1740, the sculpted exterior of the entrance is the oldest still in existence.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34. A masterpiece of Gothic Revival architecture, Notre-Dame Basilica was built between 1824 and 1829. The
magnificent interior in wood and the boldly modern design of the Notre-Dame-du-Sacré-Coeur Chapel,
captivate hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. Paintings, sculptures and stained-glass windows
illustrate biblical passages as well as 350 years of parish history.
In 1657, the Roman Catholic Sulpician Order arrived in Ville-Marie, now known as Montreal; six years later
the seigneury (a semi-feudal lordship over lands claimed by the king of France) of the island was vested in
them. They ruled until 1840. The parish they founded was dedicated to the Holy Name of Mary, and the parish
church of Notre-Dame was built on the site in 1672.
By 1824 the congregation had completely outgrown the church, andJames O'Donnell, an Irish-American
Protestant from New York, was commissioned to design the new building. O'Donnell was a proponent of the
Gothic Revival architectural movement, and designed the church as such. It is said that the experience of
designing Notre-Dame affected O'Donnell so profoundly that he converted to Catholicism just prior to his 1930
death. He is the only person to be buried in the church's crypt.
When the structure was finished it was the largest church in North America. The interior took much longer,
and Victor Bourgeau, who also worked on Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral in Montreal, worked on it from
1872 to 1879. Stonemason John Redpath was a major participant in the construction of the Basilica.
Because of the splendor and scale of the church, a more intimate chapel (Chapelle du Sacré-Coeur) was
built behind it along with some offices and a sacristy. It was completed in 1888. A major arson fire destroyed
the Sacré-Coeur Chapel on December 7, 1978. It was rebuilt with the first two levels being reproduced from
old drawings and photographs, with modern vaulting and reredos and an immense bronze altarpiece by
Quebec sculptor Charles Daudelin.
Notre-Dame was raised to the status of a minor basilica by Pope John Paul II during a visit to the city on April
21, 1982. It was the site of the state funeral of Pierre Trudeau, Canada's 15th prime minister, in 2000.
35. Of the hundreds of churches on the island of Montréal, Notre-Dame's interior is the most stunning, with a
wealth of exquisite detail, most of it carved from rare woods that have been delicately gilded and painted.
O'Donnell, one of the proponents of the Gothic Revival style in the early decades of the 19th century, is the
only person honored by burial in the crypt.
The main altar was carved from linden wood, the work of Victor Bourgeau. Behind it is the Chapelle Sacré-
Coeur (Sacred Heart Chapel), much of it destroyed by a deranged arsonist in 1978 but rebuilt and rededicated
in 1982. The altar, with 32 panels representing birth, life, and death, was cast in bronze by Charles Daudelin of
Montréal.
A 10-bell carillon resides in the east tower, while the west tower contains a single massive bell. Nicknamed "Le
Gros Bourdon," it weighs more than 12 tons and has a low, resonant rumble that vibrates right up through your
feet. It is tolled only on special occasions.
The church is among the most dramatic in the world; its interior is grand and colorful, its ceiling is colored
deep blue and decorated with golden stars, and the rest of the sanctuary is a polychrome of blues, azures,
reds, purples, silver, and gold. It is filled with hundreds of intricate wooden carvings and several religious
statues. Unusual for a church, the stained-glass windows along the walls of the sanctuary are not biblical, but
depict scenes from the religious history of Montreal.
It also has a Canadian-built Casavant Frères pipe organ.
58. 58
1657 – 2007
The 350th Anniversary of the Arrival of
the Sulpician Fathers in Montreal
The order was founded in Paris in 1642 by
Jean-Jacques Olier (1608 – 1657).
The Company of St Sulpician Priests sent it first
Missionaries to Montreal in 1657.
Sulpicians became leaders in both the religious and cultural
Lives of Montreal. They took over the administration of
Notre Dame Basilica Parish on the 12th of August 1657 and of
the Seignuerie of Montreal Island in 1663, the Montreal
College in 1767, the Grand Seminaire in 1840 and of the
André Grasset College in 1927.
This commemoration is made on the 350th anniversary of
their arrival in Montreal and in recognition of their
‘apostolic work in the community’
60. 60
1642 – 1917
The 275th Anniversary of the Founding of Montreal.
Judith Moreau de Brésoles
Catherine Mace and Marie Maillet
The first hospital religious nuns and collaborartors of
Jeanne Mance
Came to this place in 1659 to live in Hôtel-Dieu
which had been built ona part of this site.
Sister de Brésoles
born in 1611
Died here on July 1st, 1687.
This plaque, was unvieled on the 18th of May 1980
By the Montreal Historical Society
replacing the original plaque unveiled in 1917.
61.
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