The document discusses different wiring systems used to distribute electricity within buildings, including cleat wiring, wood casting wiring, batten wiring, and conduit wiring. It also describes safety precautions when using electricity, such as circuit protection devices like fuses and circuit breakers that help protect circuits from overloads or short circuits. Finally, it lists some common applications of electricity including lighting, appliances, irrigation, transportation, and industrial processes.

1. System of Wiring
State electricity board provide electric supply up to a point
outside the consumer premises. From this point consumer
take the connection to his main board. Insulated electrical
wires will be taken out to various places in the premises to
supply power to different type of loads like lights, fans,
refrigerators, room coolers, heaters, etc.

2. Various type of Wiring:-
1.Cleat Wiring.
2.Wood casting Wiring.
3.Batten Wiring.
4.Conduit Wiring.

3. • Cleat Wiring:-cleat are made by porcelain and fixed on
wall or ceiling at interval of 0.6 m. The cable is taken
through the holes of each cleat. such a wiring is cheap &
use in temporary installation.
• Wood casting Wiring:-In this Wiring the cable is run
through a Wood casting having grooves. The cable are
placed in side the grooves of the casting. A capping also
made of wood with grooves , is used to cover the
cables . The casting and capping are made from well-
seasoned teak wood. Wood casting Wiring system are
use in dry place like Rajasthan.

4. • Batten Wiring:-In Batten Wiring insulated wires are run on
wooden battens.PVC wires are run on well-seasoned straight
teak wood battens. Batten Wiring is cheap & takes
comparatively less time to install.
• Conduit Wiring:-Conduit Wiring consists of PVC wires taken
through either steel conduit pipes or through PVC conduit
pipes. Conduit are over the surface of wall and ceiling . when
Conduit are run over the surface of wall ,the wiring is called as
surface Conduit Wiring . when Conduit are run inside wall, the
wiring is called as concealed Conduit Wiring. Conduit Wiring is
water proof & replacement of defective wire is very easy.

5. Safety precaution in using Electricity:-
1.Every circuit should be given supply through a
switch-fire arrangement
2.The phase provided should be of proper
rating.
3.No connection should be taken directly using
naked wire.
4.All metallic parts of electrical equipment
should be earthed.

6. Circuit protective device and safety
precaution:-
• Circuit should be protected against any
abnormal condition like overload or short
circuit which may be due to any fault
condition or excess load connected to the
circuit. protective device like fuses, circuit
breakers are used , which help protect the
circuit from burning under abnormal
condition.

7. Fuses
• A fuse is a short piece of metal , inserted in
the circuit ,which melts when excessive
current flows through it and thus break the
circuit.

8. Desirable characteristics of fuse element:-
• Click to edit Master text styles
– Second level
• Third level
– Fourth level
» Fifth level

9. Type of fuses
1.Low voltage fuse:-
a. semi-closed rewirable type.
b.High rupturing capacity(H.R.C) cartridge type.
2.High voltage fuse.

10. Circuit Breakers
A circuit breaker will break the circuit
automatically under any fault conditions. Circuit
breaker can be operated by remote control with
the help of relay .Relay detect the fault and
initiate tripping of the circuit breaker. under fault
conditions the electrical quantities like current,
voltage and frequency become abnormal and is
sensed by the relay.

11. Classification of Circuit Breaker:-
1.Oil Circuit Breaker.
2.Air-blast Circuit Breaker
3.Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) Circuit Breaker.
4.Vacuum Circuit Breaker.

12. Efficient use of Electricity:-
1. Lighting, heating, cooling and other domestic electrical
appliances used in home.
2. Street lighting, flood lighting of sporting arena, office
building lighting, powering PCs etc.
3. Irrigating vast agricultural lands using pumps and operating
cold storages for various agricultural products.
4. Running motors, furnaces of various kinds, in industries.
5. Running locomotives (electric trains) of railways.