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Systematic Reviews Searching Strategies

The document outlines the resources and support provided by Becker librarians for conducting systematic reviews, including search strategies and citation management tools like Endnote and Zotero. It emphasizes the importance of combining standardized index terms with natural language terms for effective search strategies. Additionally, it provides examples of keyword harvesting for specific topics, including quality of life and obstetric labor.

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Library Resources for Systematic Reviews Susan Fowler, MLIS fowler@wustl.edu
Systematic Review Guide http://beckerguides.wustl.edu/SystematicReviews
Citation Management • EndNote: http://sl.wustl.edu/ • Zotero: http://libguides.wustl.edu/zotero
Library Services • 6 Becker Librarians are trained to support systematic reviews – PICOTT Refinement – Search Strategy – Databases and Grey Lit Resource recommendations – EndNote Libraries – Excel workbook preloaded with citations – Publication recommendations – Inter-library loan
What we think searching is like – 2 minute scene
What searching is really like – 18 hours
Search Strategies Quality of Life “Quality of Life"[Mesh] OR “Quality of Life" OR “Life Qualities” OR “Life Quality” OR “HRQL” OR “health related quality of life”
Standardized Index Terms
Standardized Index Terms • Preterm Pregnancy – “Preterm Pregnancy” = 27 hits – "Obstetric Labor, Premature”[Mesh] = 16,252 hits
Combine Standardized Terms with Natural Language • Preterm Labor – “Preterm Pregnancy” = 72 hits – "Obstetric Labor, Premature”[Mesh] = 16,252 hits – "Obstetric Labor, Premature"[Mesh] OR "preterm pregnancy“ = 16,286
Search Strategy with Harvested Terms • Preterm Labor – "Obstetric Labor, Premature"[Mesh] OR "preterm pregnancy" OR “Premature Labor” OR “Preterm Labor” OR “Premature Obstetric Labor” OR “premature delivery” OR “premature labour” OR “preterm birth” OR “preterm delivery” 25,605
Term Harvesting • Natural language terms can be harvested from… – Synonyms in standard index entries – Titles and abstracts of key articles – Dictionaries and Thesauri
Synonyms in Indexes
Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh
Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh
Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh
Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh
Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh
Extremely premature infants textword/phrase Harvest • Extremely preterm • Extremely preterm birth • Extremely preterm infants • Extremely preterm children • Extremely preterm child • Extremely premature • Extremely premature newborns • Extremely premature neonates • Extremely immature • Extremely low birth weight • Extremely low-birth-weight • Extremely low birthweight • ELBW • EI infants • EI survivors • Extremely small • ES infants • ES survivors • Extreme prematurity • Very-low-birth-weight – Very low birth weight – Very low birth weight young adults – Very low birth weight men • 401 – 1000 g birth weight • Birth weight >400 g • 501- to 600 –g birth weight • 901 – 1000 g birth weight • 501 to 1000g • 500 to 999 g • 500 to 999-g birth weight • Birth weight 500 – 999 g • Birth weight <1000g • Birthweight <1000g • Birth weight less than 1001g • Birth weight 401 to 500 grams • Birth weight 401 to 500g • 401 to 500g
Extremely premature infants textword/phrase harvest • <750 g • 800 g or less • <or=2000g • <1000 g • 1000g • <or=2000 g • Weighing less than 1500 g • Mean birth weight, 1179 g • Mean birth weight 811 g • Mean body weight: 756 g • Low birth weight premature infants • Very preterm • Very preterm survivors • Very preterm infants • Lighter low birth weight • LLBW • Smallest infants • EPICure Study • Prognostic value of birth weight • Less than 25 weeks’ gestational age • <25 weeks estimated gestational age • <25 weeks EGA • 25 or fewer completed weeks of gestation • 25 weeks of gestational age or less • <or=25 weeks 6 days gestations • <or=25 weeks gestation • 23 to 25 weeks gestation • 25 or fewer completed weeks of gestation • Before 26 weeks of gestation • Less than 30 weeks’ gestation • <30 weeks’ gestation • 23 to 29 weeks gestation • Mean gestational age 25.5 weeks • <32 weeks’ gestation • Low gestation (22-26 weeks) • Higher gestation (27-32 weeks) • Low gestational age • 24-26 weeks of gestation • 23-27 weeks gestational age • 23-27 weeks • Before 26 weeks gestation • <28 weeks • Born preterm • Preterm • Preterm-born
Final Search Strategy ("obesity"[Mesh] OR "obesity, morbid"[Mesh] OR "overnutrition"[Mesh] OR obes* OR dipose tissue hyperplsi OR oberts OR overnutrition) AND ("Women"[Mesh] OR womn) AND ("Infertility, Femle/diet therpy"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Femle/drug therpy"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Femle/rdiotherpy"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Femle/rehbilittion"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Femle/surgery"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Femle/therpy"[Mesh] OR "Ovultion Indution"[Mesh] OR "Ovultion Indution" OR Ovrin Stimultion OR Ovrin Stimultions OR Anovultion OR indued ovultion OR indue ovultion OR Superovult* OR "Gondotropins"[Mesh] OR "Proltin"[Mesh] OR "Follile Stimulting Hormone"[Mesh] OR "Luteinizing Hormone"[Mesh] OR "Menotropins"[Mesh] OR Gondotropin* OR Choriogondotropin OR Choriogonin OR Pregnyl OR Chorulon OR Gonbion OR Biogondil OR nthrogon OR folistimn OR gond stimulting hormone OR gondotrophi hormone OR gondotrophin OR gondotropi hormone OR pituitry gondotrophin OR pregondotropin OR Proltin OR PRL OR Mmmotropin OR ltogen OR ltogeni hormone OR ltotropin OR lth OR luteotrophi hormone OR luteotropi hormone OR luteotropin OR mmmotropin OR mmmotropine OR "Follile Stimulting Hormone" OR FSH OR Follile-Stimulting Hormone OR Follitropin OR fertilin OR folliotropin OR folliulostimulting hormone OR fsh nostion OR TSH-lph OR TSH lph OR Chorioni Gondotropin, lph OR Follile Stimulting Hormone, lph Subunit OR Glyoprotein Hormones, lph Polypeptide OR Thyrotropin lph Subunit OR TSH, lph Subunit OR "Luteinizing Hormone" OR Lutropin OR Interstitil Cell Stimulting Hormone OR Interstitil Cell-Stimulting Hormone OR Luteozymn OR Luteozimn OR luteinising hormone OR ish OR ovulting hormone OR "Menotropins" OR Menotrophin OR HMG Mssone OR Pergonl- 00 OR Pergonl 00 OR Menopur OR Menogon OR Normegon OR ORG-1 OR ORG 1 OR Pergonl OR Humegon OR Clomiphene itrte OR Letrozole OR Metformin OR gondoryl OR humegon OR merionl OR neopergonl OR repronex OR "Insemintion"[Mesh] OR Insemint* OR Eutelegenesis OR Eutelegeneses OR "Reprodutive Tehniques, Assisted"[Mesh] OR Assisted Reprodutive Tehnique OR Assisted Reprodutive Tehnis OR Assisted Reprodutive Tehniques OR Assisted Reprodutive Tehnologies OR Assisted Reprodutive Tehnology OR ART OR infertility therpy OR reprodution tehniques OR in vitro fertiliztion OR IF OR extrorporel fertiliztion OR in vitro fertiliztion OR In itro Fertiliztions OR Test-Tube Fertiliztion OR Test Tube Bbies OR Test-Tube Bby OR Test Tube Fertiliztion OR Fertiliztions in itro OR Test-Tube Bbies OR ICSI OR intrytoplsmi sperm injetion OR intrytoplsmi sperm injetions OR Embryo Trnsfer OR embryo trnsplnttion OR zygote intrfllopin trnsfer OR Embryo Trnsfers OR Blstoyst Trnsfer OR Tubl Embryo Stge Trnsfer OR Fertility Preservtion OR Fertility Preservtions OR reprodutive proedure OR folliulr spirtion OR follile spirtion OR ooyte spirtion OR ovum spirtion OR ooyte retrievl OR egg retrievl OR ooyte hrvest OR ooyte reovery OR Ooyte Colletion OR g.i.f.t. OR intrfllopin gmete trnsfer OR In itro Ooyte Mturtion OR IM tehnique OR ooyte in vitro mturtion OR In itro Mturtion of Ooytes OR Ooyte Dontion OR Ooyte Dontions OR Ovum Dontion OR Ovum Dontions OR Ovum Dontion OR Posthumous Coneption OR posthumous ssisted reprodution OR posthumous reprodution OR posthumous sperm prourement OR postmortem reprodution OR Sperm Retrievl OR mirosurgil epididyml sperm spirtion OR perutneous epididyml sperm spirtion OR perutneous sperm spirtion OR testiulr sperm spirtion OR testiulr sperm extrtion OR testis sperm extrtion OR Sperm Retrievls OR Sperm Aspirtion) AND ("Diet"[Mesh] OR "Diet Therpy"[Mesh] OR "diet therpy" [Subheding] OR diet* OR diets OR dieting OR dieted OR dieter OR dieters OR dietry OR formulted food OR high roughge OR ft mel OR lipid mel OR protein mel OR vegetrin* OR vegn* OR slt restrition OR lorie restrition OR lori restrition OR low iron intke OR low potssium intke OR potssium restrition OR shm feeding OR nutritionl support OR vitmin supplementtion OR Food Fds OR Food Fd OR Clori Intke OR energy intke OR fsting OR strvtion OR "Weight Loss"[Mesh] OR "Weight Loss" OR Weight Losses OR Weight Redution OR Weight Redutions OR weight derese OR weight losing OR weight reduing OR weight wthing OR "Exerise"[Mesh] OR exeris* OR streth* OR resistne trining OR strength trining OR Weight-Lifting OR Weight Lifting OR Weight Bering OR Weight-Bering OR running OR runnings OR Jogging OR Joggings OR swimming OR wlking OR mbultion OR erobi* OR nerobi work OR endurne trining OR isometri endurne OR isometri trining OR piltes OR "Relxtion"[Mesh] OR "Relxtion Therpy"[Mesh] OR "Attention/therpy"[Mesh] OR "Medittion"[Mesh] OR stress redution OR stress reduers OR yog OR mindful OR mindfulness OR relxtion method OR relxtion tehnis OR relxtion tehniques OR relxtion therpy OR relxtion trining OR "Mind-Body Therpies"[Mesh] OR Mind Body Mediine OR Mind-Body Mediine OR Mind Body Therpies OR Mind-Body Therpy OR Aromtherpy OR Aromtherpies OR Arom Therpy OR Arom Therpies OR Biofeedbk OR biofeedbks OR Myofeedbk OR psyhophysiologi response OR Neurofeedbk OR Neurofeedbks OR Alph Feedbk OR Eletromyogrphy Feedbk OR EEG Feedbk OR Brething Exerises OR Brething Exerise OR Respirtory Musle Trining OR Qigong OR Qi Gong OR Ch'i Kung OR brething therpy OR hest physil therpy OR hest physiotherpy OR respirtion exerise OR respirtion therpy OR respirtory exerise OR respirtory physiotherpy OR Hypnosis OR Hypnoses OR Mesmerism OR mesmerize OR hypnogenesis OR hypnotism OR hypnotist OR hypnoti OR Autogeni Trining OR Autogeni Trinings OR utogenous trining OR Suggestion OR suggestions OR utosuggestion OR Autosuggestions OR uto suggestion OR Imgery OR Imgeries OR Lughter Therpy OR Medittion OR Mentl Heling OR mind heling OR Psyhodrm OR drm therpy OR drmtherpy OR Role Plying OR role ply OR Psyhophysiology OR Physiologil Psyhology OR Physiologi Psyhology OR Mind-Body Reltions OR Mind Body Reltions OR Mind-Body Reltion OR Mind- Body Reltionship OR Mind Body Reltionship OR Mind-Body Reltionships OR Relxtion Therpy OR relxtion method OR relxtion tehnis OR relxtion tehniques OR relxtion therpy OR relxtion trining OR Ti Ji OR Ti-ji OR Ti Chi OR Tiji OR Tijiqun OR T'i Chi OR Therpeuti Touh OR Reiki OR Lying-on-of-Hnds OR og) AND ("Pregnny Outome"[Mesh] OR "Delivery, Obstetri"[Mesh] OR "Cesren Setion"[Mesh] OR "ginl Birth fter Cesren"[Mesh] OR "Pregnny Rte"[Mesh] OR Live Birth OR Live Births OR stillbirths OR stillbirth OR birth outome OR obstetri outome OR Cesren* OR Abdominl Deliveries OR Abdominl Delivery OR C-Setion OR C Setion OR C-Setions OR Postesren Setion OR indued lbor OR Fetl ersions OR Fetl ersion OR Externl Cephli ersions OR Externl Cephli ersion OR bort* OR birthing position OR home delivery OR home birth OR home hildbirth OR instrumentl delivery OR breeh extrtion OR breeh delivery OR delivery indution OR lbor elertion OR lbor induing OR lbor indution OR lbour indution OR prturition indution OR stimulted lbor OR mniotomy OR vginl delivery OR norml delivery OR vginl birth OR vginl hildbirth OR "Pregnny Rte" OR "Pregnny Rtes OR birth rte OR birth rtes OR fertility rte OR fertility rtes)
Why search >1 database? Betran et al (2005) evaluated the effectiveness of each source used in a systematic review. That identified >64,000 citations and included 2093. Of these: – MEDLINE identified 62% – EMBASE 44% – BIOSIS 17% – POPLINE 12% – Unique items – MEDLINE ~20% – EMBASE 7.4% – LILACS 5.6% 22Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh
Beyond PubMed PubMed = 25,605 "Obstetric Labor, Premature"[Mesh] OR "preterm pregnancy" OR “Premature Labor” OR “Preterm Labor” OR “Premature Obstetric Labor” OR “premature delivery” OR “premature labour” OR “preterm birth” OR “preterm delivery” Embase = 96,943 'premature labor'/exp OR ‘preterm pregnancy’ OR ‘Premature Labor’ OR ‘Preterm Labor’ OR ‘Premature Obstetric Labor’ OR ‘premature delivery’ OR ‘premature labour’ OR ‘preterm birth’ OR ‘preterm delivery’
Database Overlap 24Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh (Gavel, 2008)
What about Google Scholar?
Google Scholar, cont. Embase = 96,943 'premature labor'/exp OR ‘preterm pregnancy’ OR ‘Premature Labor’ OR ‘Preterm Labor’ OR ‘Premature Obstetric Labor’ OR ‘premature delivery’ OR ‘premature labour’ OR ‘preterm birth’ OR ‘preterm delivery’ Google Scholar = 20,200 “premature labor” OR “preterm pregnancy” OR “Premature Labor” OR “Preterm Labor” OR “Premature Obstetric Labor” OR “premature delivery” OR “premature labour” OR “preterm birth” OR “preterm delivery”
Grey Literature • “…literature that is not formally published in sources such as books or journal articles.” http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_6/6_2_1_8_grey_literature_databases.htm • "That which is produced on all levels of government, academics, business and industry in print and electronic formats, but which is not controlled by commercial publishers.“ The Fourth International Conference on Grey Literature (GL '99) in Washington, DC, in October 1999
Clinicaltrials.gov
Hand Searching • “Handsearching involves a manual page-by-page examination of the entire contents of a journal issue or conference proceedings to identify all eligible reports of trials.” • Authors are not routinely expected to hand search journals for their reviews but they should discuss with their Trials Search Coordinator whether in their particular case hand searching of any journals or conference proceedings might be beneficial. http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_6/6_2_2_1_hand searching.htm

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Systematic Reviews Searching Strategies

  • 1.
    Library Resources for SystematicReviews Susan Fowler, MLIS fowler@wustl.edu
  • 2.
  • 3.
    Citation Management • EndNote:http://sl.wustl.edu/ • Zotero: http://libguides.wustl.edu/zotero
  • 4.
    Library Services • 6Becker Librarians are trained to support systematic reviews – PICOTT Refinement – Search Strategy – Databases and Grey Lit Resource recommendations – EndNote Libraries – Excel workbook preloaded with citations – Publication recommendations – Inter-library loan
  • 5.
    What we thinksearching is like – 2 minute scene
  • 6.
    What searching isreally like – 18 hours
  • 7.
    Search Strategies Quality ofLife “Quality of Life"[Mesh] OR “Quality of Life" OR “Life Qualities” OR “Life Quality” OR “HRQL” OR “health related quality of life”
  • 8.
  • 9.
    Standardized Index Terms •Preterm Pregnancy – “Preterm Pregnancy” = 27 hits – "Obstetric Labor, Premature”[Mesh] = 16,252 hits
  • 10.
    Combine Standardized Termswith Natural Language • Preterm Labor – “Preterm Pregnancy” = 72 hits – "Obstetric Labor, Premature”[Mesh] = 16,252 hits – "Obstetric Labor, Premature"[Mesh] OR "preterm pregnancy“ = 16,286
  • 11.
    Search Strategy withHarvested Terms • Preterm Labor – "Obstetric Labor, Premature"[Mesh] OR "preterm pregnancy" OR “Premature Labor” OR “Preterm Labor” OR “Premature Obstetric Labor” OR “premature delivery” OR “premature labour” OR “preterm birth” OR “preterm delivery” 25,605
  • 12.
    Term Harvesting • Naturallanguage terms can be harvested from… – Synonyms in standard index entries – Titles and abstracts of key articles – Dictionaries and Thesauri
  • 13.
  • 14.
    Systematic Review Workshop©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh
  • 15.
    Systematic Review Workshop©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh
  • 16.
    Systematic Review Workshop©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh
  • 17.
    Systematic Review Workshop©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh
  • 18.
    Systematic Review Workshop©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh
  • 19.
    Extremely premature infants textword/phraseHarvest • Extremely preterm • Extremely preterm birth • Extremely preterm infants • Extremely preterm children • Extremely preterm child • Extremely premature • Extremely premature newborns • Extremely premature neonates • Extremely immature • Extremely low birth weight • Extremely low-birth-weight • Extremely low birthweight • ELBW • EI infants • EI survivors • Extremely small • ES infants • ES survivors • Extreme prematurity • Very-low-birth-weight – Very low birth weight – Very low birth weight young adults – Very low birth weight men • 401 – 1000 g birth weight • Birth weight >400 g • 501- to 600 –g birth weight • 901 – 1000 g birth weight • 501 to 1000g • 500 to 999 g • 500 to 999-g birth weight • Birth weight 500 – 999 g • Birth weight <1000g • Birthweight <1000g • Birth weight less than 1001g • Birth weight 401 to 500 grams • Birth weight 401 to 500g • 401 to 500g
  • 20.
    Extremely premature infants textword/phraseharvest • <750 g • 800 g or less • <or=2000g • <1000 g • 1000g • <or=2000 g • Weighing less than 1500 g • Mean birth weight, 1179 g • Mean birth weight 811 g • Mean body weight: 756 g • Low birth weight premature infants • Very preterm • Very preterm survivors • Very preterm infants • Lighter low birth weight • LLBW • Smallest infants • EPICure Study • Prognostic value of birth weight • Less than 25 weeks’ gestational age • <25 weeks estimated gestational age • <25 weeks EGA • 25 or fewer completed weeks of gestation • 25 weeks of gestational age or less • <or=25 weeks 6 days gestations • <or=25 weeks gestation • 23 to 25 weeks gestation • 25 or fewer completed weeks of gestation • Before 26 weeks of gestation • Less than 30 weeks’ gestation • <30 weeks’ gestation • 23 to 29 weeks gestation • Mean gestational age 25.5 weeks • <32 weeks’ gestation • Low gestation (22-26 weeks) • Higher gestation (27-32 weeks) • Low gestational age • 24-26 weeks of gestation • 23-27 weeks gestational age • 23-27 weeks • Before 26 weeks gestation • <28 weeks • Born preterm • Preterm • Preterm-born
  • 21.
    Final Search Strategy ("obesity"[Mesh]OR "obesity, morbid"[Mesh] OR "overnutrition"[Mesh] OR obes* OR dipose tissue hyperplsi OR oberts OR overnutrition) AND ("Women"[Mesh] OR womn) AND ("Infertility, Femle/diet therpy"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Femle/drug therpy"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Femle/rdiotherpy"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Femle/rehbilittion"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Femle/surgery"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Femle/therpy"[Mesh] OR "Ovultion Indution"[Mesh] OR "Ovultion Indution" OR Ovrin Stimultion OR Ovrin Stimultions OR Anovultion OR indued ovultion OR indue ovultion OR Superovult* OR "Gondotropins"[Mesh] OR "Proltin"[Mesh] OR "Follile Stimulting Hormone"[Mesh] OR "Luteinizing Hormone"[Mesh] OR "Menotropins"[Mesh] OR Gondotropin* OR Choriogondotropin OR Choriogonin OR Pregnyl OR Chorulon OR Gonbion OR Biogondil OR nthrogon OR folistimn OR gond stimulting hormone OR gondotrophi hormone OR gondotrophin OR gondotropi hormone OR pituitry gondotrophin OR pregondotropin OR Proltin OR PRL OR Mmmotropin OR ltogen OR ltogeni hormone OR ltotropin OR lth OR luteotrophi hormone OR luteotropi hormone OR luteotropin OR mmmotropin OR mmmotropine OR "Follile Stimulting Hormone" OR FSH OR Follile-Stimulting Hormone OR Follitropin OR fertilin OR folliotropin OR folliulostimulting hormone OR fsh nostion OR TSH-lph OR TSH lph OR Chorioni Gondotropin, lph OR Follile Stimulting Hormone, lph Subunit OR Glyoprotein Hormones, lph Polypeptide OR Thyrotropin lph Subunit OR TSH, lph Subunit OR "Luteinizing Hormone" OR Lutropin OR Interstitil Cell Stimulting Hormone OR Interstitil Cell-Stimulting Hormone OR Luteozymn OR Luteozimn OR luteinising hormone OR ish OR ovulting hormone OR "Menotropins" OR Menotrophin OR HMG Mssone OR Pergonl- 00 OR Pergonl 00 OR Menopur OR Menogon OR Normegon OR ORG-1 OR ORG 1 OR Pergonl OR Humegon OR Clomiphene itrte OR Letrozole OR Metformin OR gondoryl OR humegon OR merionl OR neopergonl OR repronex OR "Insemintion"[Mesh] OR Insemint* OR Eutelegenesis OR Eutelegeneses OR "Reprodutive Tehniques, Assisted"[Mesh] OR Assisted Reprodutive Tehnique OR Assisted Reprodutive Tehnis OR Assisted Reprodutive Tehniques OR Assisted Reprodutive Tehnologies OR Assisted Reprodutive Tehnology OR ART OR infertility therpy OR reprodution tehniques OR in vitro fertiliztion OR IF OR extrorporel fertiliztion OR in vitro fertiliztion OR In itro Fertiliztions OR Test-Tube Fertiliztion OR Test Tube Bbies OR Test-Tube Bby OR Test Tube Fertiliztion OR Fertiliztions in itro OR Test-Tube Bbies OR ICSI OR intrytoplsmi sperm injetion OR intrytoplsmi sperm injetions OR Embryo Trnsfer OR embryo trnsplnttion OR zygote intrfllopin trnsfer OR Embryo Trnsfers OR Blstoyst Trnsfer OR Tubl Embryo Stge Trnsfer OR Fertility Preservtion OR Fertility Preservtions OR reprodutive proedure OR folliulr spirtion OR follile spirtion OR ooyte spirtion OR ovum spirtion OR ooyte retrievl OR egg retrievl OR ooyte hrvest OR ooyte reovery OR Ooyte Colletion OR g.i.f.t. OR intrfllopin gmete trnsfer OR In itro Ooyte Mturtion OR IM tehnique OR ooyte in vitro mturtion OR In itro Mturtion of Ooytes OR Ooyte Dontion OR Ooyte Dontions OR Ovum Dontion OR Ovum Dontions OR Ovum Dontion OR Posthumous Coneption OR posthumous ssisted reprodution OR posthumous reprodution OR posthumous sperm prourement OR postmortem reprodution OR Sperm Retrievl OR mirosurgil epididyml sperm spirtion OR perutneous epididyml sperm spirtion OR perutneous sperm spirtion OR testiulr sperm spirtion OR testiulr sperm extrtion OR testis sperm extrtion OR Sperm Retrievls OR Sperm Aspirtion) AND ("Diet"[Mesh] OR "Diet Therpy"[Mesh] OR "diet therpy" [Subheding] OR diet* OR diets OR dieting OR dieted OR dieter OR dieters OR dietry OR formulted food OR high roughge OR ft mel OR lipid mel OR protein mel OR vegetrin* OR vegn* OR slt restrition OR lorie restrition OR lori restrition OR low iron intke OR low potssium intke OR potssium restrition OR shm feeding OR nutritionl support OR vitmin supplementtion OR Food Fds OR Food Fd OR Clori Intke OR energy intke OR fsting OR strvtion OR "Weight Loss"[Mesh] OR "Weight Loss" OR Weight Losses OR Weight Redution OR Weight Redutions OR weight derese OR weight losing OR weight reduing OR weight wthing OR "Exerise"[Mesh] OR exeris* OR streth* OR resistne trining OR strength trining OR Weight-Lifting OR Weight Lifting OR Weight Bering OR Weight-Bering OR running OR runnings OR Jogging OR Joggings OR swimming OR wlking OR mbultion OR erobi* OR nerobi work OR endurne trining OR isometri endurne OR isometri trining OR piltes OR "Relxtion"[Mesh] OR "Relxtion Therpy"[Mesh] OR "Attention/therpy"[Mesh] OR "Medittion"[Mesh] OR stress redution OR stress reduers OR yog OR mindful OR mindfulness OR relxtion method OR relxtion tehnis OR relxtion tehniques OR relxtion therpy OR relxtion trining OR "Mind-Body Therpies"[Mesh] OR Mind Body Mediine OR Mind-Body Mediine OR Mind Body Therpies OR Mind-Body Therpy OR Aromtherpy OR Aromtherpies OR Arom Therpy OR Arom Therpies OR Biofeedbk OR biofeedbks OR Myofeedbk OR psyhophysiologi response OR Neurofeedbk OR Neurofeedbks OR Alph Feedbk OR Eletromyogrphy Feedbk OR EEG Feedbk OR Brething Exerises OR Brething Exerise OR Respirtory Musle Trining OR Qigong OR Qi Gong OR Ch'i Kung OR brething therpy OR hest physil therpy OR hest physiotherpy OR respirtion exerise OR respirtion therpy OR respirtory exerise OR respirtory physiotherpy OR Hypnosis OR Hypnoses OR Mesmerism OR mesmerize OR hypnogenesis OR hypnotism OR hypnotist OR hypnoti OR Autogeni Trining OR Autogeni Trinings OR utogenous trining OR Suggestion OR suggestions OR utosuggestion OR Autosuggestions OR uto suggestion OR Imgery OR Imgeries OR Lughter Therpy OR Medittion OR Mentl Heling OR mind heling OR Psyhodrm OR drm therpy OR drmtherpy OR Role Plying OR role ply OR Psyhophysiology OR Physiologil Psyhology OR Physiologi Psyhology OR Mind-Body Reltions OR Mind Body Reltions OR Mind-Body Reltion OR Mind- Body Reltionship OR Mind Body Reltionship OR Mind-Body Reltionships OR Relxtion Therpy OR relxtion method OR relxtion tehnis OR relxtion tehniques OR relxtion therpy OR relxtion trining OR Ti Ji OR Ti-ji OR Ti Chi OR Tiji OR Tijiqun OR T'i Chi OR Therpeuti Touh OR Reiki OR Lying-on-of-Hnds OR og) AND ("Pregnny Outome"[Mesh] OR "Delivery, Obstetri"[Mesh] OR "Cesren Setion"[Mesh] OR "ginl Birth fter Cesren"[Mesh] OR "Pregnny Rte"[Mesh] OR Live Birth OR Live Births OR stillbirths OR stillbirth OR birth outome OR obstetri outome OR Cesren* OR Abdominl Deliveries OR Abdominl Delivery OR C-Setion OR C Setion OR C-Setions OR Postesren Setion OR indued lbor OR Fetl ersions OR Fetl ersion OR Externl Cephli ersions OR Externl Cephli ersion OR bort* OR birthing position OR home delivery OR home birth OR home hildbirth OR instrumentl delivery OR breeh extrtion OR breeh delivery OR delivery indution OR lbor elertion OR lbor induing OR lbor indution OR lbour indution OR prturition indution OR stimulted lbor OR mniotomy OR vginl delivery OR norml delivery OR vginl birth OR vginl hildbirth OR "Pregnny Rte" OR "Pregnny Rtes OR birth rte OR birth rtes OR fertility rte OR fertility rtes)
  • 22.
    Why search >1database? Betran et al (2005) evaluated the effectiveness of each source used in a systematic review. That identified >64,000 citations and included 2093. Of these: – MEDLINE identified 62% – EMBASE 44% – BIOSIS 17% – POPLINE 12% – Unique items – MEDLINE ~20% – EMBASE 7.4% – LILACS 5.6% 22Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh
  • 23.
    Beyond PubMed PubMed =25,605 "Obstetric Labor, Premature"[Mesh] OR "preterm pregnancy" OR “Premature Labor” OR “Preterm Labor” OR “Premature Obstetric Labor” OR “premature delivery” OR “premature labour” OR “preterm birth” OR “preterm delivery” Embase = 96,943 'premature labor'/exp OR ‘preterm pregnancy’ OR ‘Premature Labor’ OR ‘Preterm Labor’ OR ‘Premature Obstetric Labor’ OR ‘premature delivery’ OR ‘premature labour’ OR ‘preterm birth’ OR ‘preterm delivery’
  • 24.
    Database Overlap 24Systematic ReviewWorkshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh (Gavel, 2008)
  • 25.
  • 26.
    Google Scholar, cont. Embase= 96,943 'premature labor'/exp OR ‘preterm pregnancy’ OR ‘Premature Labor’ OR ‘Preterm Labor’ OR ‘Premature Obstetric Labor’ OR ‘premature delivery’ OR ‘premature labour’ OR ‘preterm birth’ OR ‘preterm delivery’ Google Scholar = 20,200 “premature labor” OR “preterm pregnancy” OR “Premature Labor” OR “Preterm Labor” OR “Premature Obstetric Labor” OR “premature delivery” OR “premature labour” OR “preterm birth” OR “preterm delivery”
  • 27.
    Grey Literature • “…literaturethat is not formally published in sources such as books or journal articles.” http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_6/6_2_1_8_grey_literature_databases.htm • "That which is produced on all levels of government, academics, business and industry in print and electronic formats, but which is not controlled by commercial publishers.“ The Fourth International Conference on Grey Literature (GL '99) in Washington, DC, in October 1999
  • 28.
  • 29.
    Hand Searching • “Handsearchinginvolves a manual page-by-page examination of the entire contents of a journal issue or conference proceedings to identify all eligible reports of trials.” • Authors are not routinely expected to hand search journals for their reviews but they should discuss with their Trials Search Coordinator whether in their particular case hand searching of any journals or conference proceedings might be beneficial. http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_6/6_2_2_1_hand searching.htm