The document discusses syntax and sentence structure. It defines the basic units of syntax as the sentence, subject and predicate. It identifies four types of sentences: declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamative. It also defines phrases, clauses and the four sentence structures: simple, compound, complex and compound-complex. Key terms discussed include nouns, verbs, finite verbs, coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions. Examples are provided to illustrate different sentence types, phrases and clause structures.

1. SYNTAX - part 1
Prácticas Discursivas de la Comunicación Escrita 1
1°2°
ISFD 41
Prof. Stella Maris Saubidet Oyhamburu

4. Short story: “Guess who’s coming to dinner?”
The UNIT OF ANALYSIS OF SYNTAX IS
THE SENTENCE.
There are TWO NUCLEAR ELEMENTS
in a sentence: SUBJECT & PREDICATE.
There are 4 KINDS of sentences:
DECLARATIVE: sentences that make a
statement.
INTERROGATIVE: sentences that ask
questions.
IMPERATIVE: sentences that make
commands or requests.
EXCLAMATIVE: sentences that express
strong feelings.

5. Let’s revise...
Which types of sentences are these?
● Why should I speak Russian?
● Middle-class English housewives
always look elegant.
● Be polite!
● Nonsense, dear!
● DECLARATIVE
● INTERROGATIVE:
● IMPERATIVE.
● EXCLAMATIVE

6. Let’s revise...
Which types of sentences are these?
1. Why should I speak Russian?
2. Middle-class English housewives
always look elegant.
3. Be polite!
4. Nonsense, dear!
2. DECLARATIVE
1. INTERROGATIVE:
3. IMPERATIVE.
4. EXCLAMATIVE

8. WORDS, PHRASES, CLAUSES & SENTENCES.

9. Let’s revise...
Which types of PHRASES are these?
● your name
● really sad
● most beautiful dining room
● the last chance
● nearly six months
● on the table
● have been invited
● very politely
● silently and politely
● knife and fork
● full of self-confidence
● financially broken
● on the floor
● in the dining room
● have never ever been
invited

10. Let’s revise...
Which types of PHRASES are these?
● your name: NOUN phrase
● really sad: ADJECTIVAL phrase
● most beautiful dining room: NOUN phrase
● the last chance: NOUN phrase
● nearly six months: NOUN phrase
● on the table: PREPOSITIONAL phrase
● have been invited: VERB phrase
● very politely:ADVERBIAL phrase
● silently and politely:ADVERBIAL
phrase
● knife and fork: NOUN phrase
● full of self-confidence/ financially
broken: ADJECTIVAL phrase
● on the floor/ in the dining room:
PREPOSITIONAL phrase
● have never ever been invited:
VERBAL phrase

11. PHRASES vs CLAUSES.

12. a

13. Let’s revise...
Are these sentences TRUE or FALSE?
● Clauses can be either dependent or
independent clauses. ___
● A simple sentence is a dependent
clause. ___
● Noun clauses and adverbial clauses
are always dependent, but adjectival
clauses are independent. ___
● If clauses are always independent. ___
● Relative clauses and adjectival
clauses are the same. ___
● Noun clauses can be divided
into: that clauses, if/whether
clauses and wh- clauses.___.

14. Let’s revise...
Are these sentences TRUE or FALSE?
● Clauses can be either dependent or
independent clauses. _T_
● A simple sentence is a dependent
clause. _F__
● Noun clauses and adverbial clauses
are always dependent, but adjectival
clauses are independent. _F__
● If clauses are always independent.
_F__
● Relative clauses and adjectival
clauses are the same. _T__
● Noun clauses can be divided
into: that clauses, if/whether
clauses and wh- clauses.__T_

15. FOUR SENTENCE STRUCTURES
1. SIMPLE (SS)
2. COMPOUND (CS)
3. COMPLEX (CxS)
4. COMPOUND-
COMPLEX (CCS)
Match the sentences with the structure:
___They do not know if they have surplus
energy and time.
___ I’m sorry, but we’re an independent
country.
___I asked him a simple question, and he
answered what I wanted to know. .
___ We can easily recognize rich English
middle-class housewives.

16. FOUR SENTENCE STRUCTURES
1. SIMPLE (SS)
2. COMPOUND (CS)
3. COMPLEX (CxS)
4. COMPOUND-
COMPLEX (CCS)
Match the sentences with the structure:
___They do not know if they have surplus
energy and time.
___ I’m sorry, but we’re an independent
country
___I asked him a simple question, and he
answered what I wanted to know. .
_1_ We can easily recognize rich English
middle-class housewives.

17. FOUR SENTENCE STRUCTURES
1. SIMPLE (SS)
2. COMPOUND (CS)
3. COMPLEX (CxS)
4. COMPOUND-
COMPLEX (CCS)
Match the sentences with the structure:
___They do not know if they have surplus
energy and time.
_2_ [I’m sorry], but [we’re an independent
country.]BUT= coordinating conjunction.
__I asked him a simple question, and he
answered what I wanted to know. .
___ We can easily recognize rich English
middle-class housewives.

18. FOUR SENTENCE STRUCTURES
1. SIMPLE (SS)
2. COMPOUND (CS)
3. COMPLEX (CxS)
4. COMPOUND-
COMPLEX (CCS)
Match the sentences with the structure:
_3_[They do not know [if they have surplus
energy and time].] >>> [if they have surplus
energy.] IF= SUBordinating conjunction. [.... [...] ]
__ I’m sorry, but we’re an independent country
___I asked him a simple question, and he
answered what I wanted to know. .
___ We can easily recognize rich English middle-
class housewives.

19. FOUR SENTENCE STRUCTURES
1. SIMPLE (SS)
2. COMPOUND (CS)
3. COMPLEX (CxS)
4. COMPOUND-
COMPLEX (CCS)
Match the sentences with the corresponding
structure:
___They do not know if they have surplus
energy and time.
___ I’m sorry, but we’re an independent country
_4_[[I asked him a simple question], and [he
answered [what I wanted to know].] .[ what I
wanted to know.]

20. Let’s revise...
Can you complete these definitions?
WORD, PHRASE, CLAUSE or
SENTENCE.
● A _______ is a collection of words
that may have nouns or verbs, but it
does not have a subject or predicate.
● A _______ is a collection of words
that has a subject, a predicate, a
finite verb.
● A _______ is a single distinct
meaningful element of speech or
writing, used with others(or
sometimes alone) to form a sentence
and typically shown with a space on
either side when written or printed,
● A _______ is a group of words which
expresses a complete thought.

21. Let’s revise...
Can you complete these definitions?
WORD, PHRASE, CLAUSE or SENTENCE.
● A PHRASE is a collection of words that
may have nouns or verbs, but it does
not have a subject or predicate.
● A SENTENCE/CLAUSE is a collection
of words that has a subject, a predicate,
a finite verb.
NB: finite verb = conjugated verb (Simple
Present, Past Continuous...)
● A WORD is a single distinct
meaningful element of speech or
writing, used with others(or
sometimes alone) to form a sentence
and typically shown with a space on
either side when written or printed,
● A SENTENCE is a group of words
which expresses a complete thought.