Abstract Keyword search in relational database is a technique that has higher relevance in the present world. Extracting data from a large number of sets of database is very important .Because it reduces the usage of man power and time consumption. Data extraction from a large database using the relevant keyword based on the information needed is a very interactive and user friendly. Without knowing any database schemas or query languages like sql the user can get information. By using keyword in relational database data extraction will be simpler. The user doesn’t want to know the query language for search. But the database content is always changing for real time application for example database which store the data of publication data. When new publications arrive it should be added to database so the database content changes according to time. Because the database is updated frequently the result should change. In order to handle the database updation takes the top-k result from the currently updated data for each search. Top-k keyword search means take greatest k results based on the relevance of document. Keyword search in relational database means to find structural information from tuples from the database. Two types of keyword search are schema-based method and graph based approach. Using top-k keyword search instead of executing all query results taking highest k queries. By handling database updation try to find the new results and remove expired one
EFFICIENT SCHEMA BASED KEYWORD SEARCH IN RELATIONAL DATABASESIJCSEIT Journal
Keyword search in relational databases allows user to search information without knowing database
schema and using structural query language (SQL). In this paper, we address the problem of generating
and evaluating candidate networks. In candidate network generation, the overhead is caused by raising the
number of joining tuples for the size of minimal candidate network. To reduce overhead, we propose
candidate network generation algorithms to generate a minimum number of joining tuples according to the
maximum number of tuple set. We first generate a set of joining tuples, candidate networks (CNs). It is
difficult to obtain an optimal query processing plan during generating a number of joins. We also develop a
dynamic CN evaluation algorithm (D_CNEval) to generate connected tuple trees (CTTs) by reducing the
size of intermediate joining results. The performance evaluation of the proposed algorithms is conducted
on IMDB and DBLP datasets and also compared with existing algorithms.
Optimized Access Strategies for a Distributed Database DesignWaqas Tariq
Abstract Distributed Database Query Optimization has been an active area of research for Database research Community in this decade. Research work mostly involves mathematical programming and evolving new algorithm design techniques in order to minimize the combined cost of storing the database, processing transactions and communication amongst various sites of storage. The complete problem and most of its subsets as well are NP-Hard. Most of proposed solutions till date are based on use of Enumerative Techniques or using Heuristics. In this paper we have shown benefits of using innovative Genetic Algorithms (GA) for optimizing the sequence of sub-query operations over the enumerative methods and heuristics. A stochastic simulator has been designed and experimental results show encouraging improvements in decreasing the total cost of a query. An exhaustive enumerative method is also applied and solutions are compared with that of GA on various parameters of a Distributed Query, like up to 12 joins and 10 sites. Keywords: Distributed Query Optimization, Database Statistics, Query Execution Plan, Genetic Algorithms, Operation Allocation.
USING ONTOLOGIES TO IMPROVE DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION WITH TRANSDUCTIVE SUPPORT...IJDKP
Many applications of automatic document classification require learning accurately with little training
data. The semi-supervised classification technique uses labeled and unlabeled data for training. This
technique has shown to be effective in some cases; however, the use of unlabeled data is not always
beneficial.
On the other hand, the emergence of web technologies has originated the collaborative development of
ontologies. In this paper, we propose the use of ontologies in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency
of the semi-supervised document classification.
We used support vector machines, which is one of the most effective algorithms that have been studied for
text. Our algorithm enhances the performance of transductive support vector machines through the use of
ontologies. We report experimental results applying our algorithm to three different datasets. Our
experiments show an increment of accuracy of 4% on average and up to 20%, in comparison with the
traditional semi-supervised model.
EFFICIENT SCHEMA BASED KEYWORD SEARCH IN RELATIONAL DATABASESIJCSEIT Journal
Keyword search in relational databases allows user to search information without knowing database
schema and using structural query language (SQL). In this paper, we address the problem of generating
and evaluating candidate networks. In candidate network generation, the overhead is caused by raising the
number of joining tuples for the size of minimal candidate network. To reduce overhead, we propose
candidate network generation algorithms to generate a minimum number of joining tuples according to the
maximum number of tuple set. We first generate a set of joining tuples, candidate networks (CNs). It is
difficult to obtain an optimal query processing plan during generating a number of joins. We also develop a
dynamic CN evaluation algorithm (D_CNEval) to generate connected tuple trees (CTTs) by reducing the
size of intermediate joining results. The performance evaluation of the proposed algorithms is conducted
on IMDB and DBLP datasets and also compared with existing algorithms.
Optimized Access Strategies for a Distributed Database DesignWaqas Tariq
Abstract Distributed Database Query Optimization has been an active area of research for Database research Community in this decade. Research work mostly involves mathematical programming and evolving new algorithm design techniques in order to minimize the combined cost of storing the database, processing transactions and communication amongst various sites of storage. The complete problem and most of its subsets as well are NP-Hard. Most of proposed solutions till date are based on use of Enumerative Techniques or using Heuristics. In this paper we have shown benefits of using innovative Genetic Algorithms (GA) for optimizing the sequence of sub-query operations over the enumerative methods and heuristics. A stochastic simulator has been designed and experimental results show encouraging improvements in decreasing the total cost of a query. An exhaustive enumerative method is also applied and solutions are compared with that of GA on various parameters of a Distributed Query, like up to 12 joins and 10 sites. Keywords: Distributed Query Optimization, Database Statistics, Query Execution Plan, Genetic Algorithms, Operation Allocation.
USING ONTOLOGIES TO IMPROVE DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION WITH TRANSDUCTIVE SUPPORT...IJDKP
Many applications of automatic document classification require learning accurately with little training
data. The semi-supervised classification technique uses labeled and unlabeled data for training. This
technique has shown to be effective in some cases; however, the use of unlabeled data is not always
beneficial.
On the other hand, the emergence of web technologies has originated the collaborative development of
ontologies. In this paper, we propose the use of ontologies in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency
of the semi-supervised document classification.
We used support vector machines, which is one of the most effective algorithms that have been studied for
text. Our algorithm enhances the performance of transductive support vector machines through the use of
ontologies. We report experimental results applying our algorithm to three different datasets. Our
experiments show an increment of accuracy of 4% on average and up to 20%, in comparison with the
traditional semi-supervised model.
New proximity estimate for incremental update of non uniformly distributed cl...IJDKP
The conventional clustering algorithms mine static databases and generate a set of patterns in the form of
clusters. Many real life databases keep growing incrementally. For such dynamic databases, the patterns
extracted from the original database become obsolete. Thus the conventional clustering algorithms are not
suitable for incremental databases due to lack of capability to modify the clustering results in accordance
with recent updates. In this paper, the author proposes a new incremental clustering algorithm called
CFICA(Cluster Feature-Based Incremental Clustering Approach for numerical data) to handle numerical
data and suggests a new proximity metric called Inverse Proximity Estimate (IPE) which considers the
proximity of a data point to a cluster representative as well as its proximity to a farthest point in its vicinity.
CFICA makes use of the proposed proximity metric to determine the membership of a data point into a
cluster.
With the rapid development in Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and their applications, more and
more geo-graphical databases have been developed by different vendors. However, data integration and
accessing is still a big problem for the development of GIS applications as no interoperability exists among
different spatial databases. In this paper we propose a unified approach for spatial data query. The paper
describes a framework for integrating information from repositories containing different vector data sets
formats and repositories containing raster datasets. The presented approach converts different vector data
formats into a single unified format (File Geo-Database “GDB”). In addition, we employ “metadata” to
support a wide range of users’ queries to retrieve relevant geographic information from heterogeneous and
distributed repositories. Such an employment enhances both query processing and performance.
A time efficient and accurate retrieval of range aggregate queries using fuzz...IJECEIAES
Massive growth in the big data makes difficult to analyse and retrieve the useful information from the set of available data’s. Existing approaches cannot guarantee an efficient retrieval of data from the database. In the existing work stratified sampling is used to partition the tables in terms of stratic variables. However k means clustering algorithm cannot guarantees an efficient retrieval where the choosing centroid in the large volume of data would be difficult. And less knowledge about the stratic variable might leads to the less efficient partitioning of tables. This problem is overcome in the proposed methodology by introducing the FCM clustering instead of k means clustering which can cluster the large volume of data which are similar in nature. Stratification problem is overcome by introducing the post stratification approach which will leads to efficient selection of stratic variable. This methodology leads to an efficient retrieval process in terms of user query within less time and more accuracy.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An investigative scheme for keyword search using inverted key tacticeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis of different similarity measures: SimrankAbhishek Mungoli
SimRank exploits object-to-object relationships very well and finds out the similarity between two objects.
We have used it in our project to find similar reasearch papers from DBLP dataset (DBLP Dataset provides a comprehensive list of research papers in computer science domain).
SimRank is a generic approach and its basic idea can also be applied to other domain of interests as well.
Clustering the results of a search helps the user to overview the information returned. In this paper, we
look upon the clustering task as cataloguing the search results. By catalogue we mean a structured label
list that can help the user to realize the labels and search results. Labelling Cluster is crucial because
meaningless or confusing labels may mislead users to check wrong clusters for the query and lose extra
time. Additionally, labels should reflect the contents of documents within the cluster accurately. To be able
to label clusters effectively, a new cluster labelling method is introduced. More emphasis was given to
/produce comprehensible and accurate cluster labels in addition to the discovery of document clusters. We
also present a new metric that employs to assess the success of cluster labelling. We adopt a comparative
evaluation strategy to derive the relative performance of the proposed method with respect to the two
prominent search result clustering methods: Suffix Tree Clustering and Lingo.
we perform the experiments using the publicly available Datasets Ambient and ODP-239
Design & simulation of dual band t shaped slot micro strip antenna for c-...eSAT Journals
Abstract Microstrip patches radiate from the currents induced on the surface of the patch because of the electromagnetic cavity with significant resonant frequencies formed between patch and ground plane according to the frequencies applied with different feeding techniques. This paper presents the design and simulation of a T-shaped Dual band Microstrip patch antenna with operating frequencies 5.40GHz, and 6.60GHz for C-Band applications. The T-shape provides Dual band characteristics with good bandwidth which is required in wireless devices with significant design characteristics and can be easily mounted on air craft, space craft, satellites, missiles etc., An Edge-Fed microstrip with substrate FR4epoxy having dielectric constant 4.4 and substrate heights of 6.5mm, 4.56 mm, 3.048mm, and 1.524mm are designed and analyzed with different parameters like VSWR, Gain, Peak directivity, Return losses, Bandwidth, Radiation efficiency, FBR etc,. This antenna design is an improvement from previous research and it is simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 software. Keywords :T-shaped slot microstrip,Dual Band, C-Band, Edge-Fed, HFSS Software 13.0
Finite element analysis of frame with soil structure interactioneSAT Journals
Abstract For the analysis of a building frame, the columns at the foundation level are considered as fixed. But in real condition it is not the case. While considering soil in the analysis of building frame 100% fixity may not be ensured. Because of the settlement and rotation of foundation, shear force and bending moment in superstructure get altered. This effect is called as “Soil Structure Interaction” Present work is to study behavior of bare frame & in-filled frame having soil beneath. In these cases three types of soils are considered, soft, medium stiff and hard. Also in-filled panel is of brick masonry only. Various cases frames are studied. The following are the cases: 1] Analysis of bare frame with soil.2] Analysis of In-filled frame with Soil.3] Analysis of Bare frame without Soil.4] Analysis of In-filled frame without Soil Frame with different combinations mentioned above (with/without infill panel, with/without soil) is analyzed by using ANSYS 14.5. These results are comprised with SSI and without SSI. Keywords: Soil Structure Interaction, In-Filled Frame, Bare Frame.
Sensing properties of mno2 doped polyanilineeSAT Journals
Abstract MnO2-Doped Polyaniline/Poly (Vinyl alcohol) thin films were prepared chemical oxidative polymerization, using microwave oven technique on glass substrate. These thin films prepared by using Analytical Reagent grade solutions of Polyaniline, Poly (Vinyl alcohol), MnO2, primary dopant hydrochloric acid are mixed in stoichiometric proportion. The solutions were kept in microwave for 10 sec then oxides with ammonium peroxydisulphate oxidant, then after kept in water bath to obtain the uniform thin films. Films were dries it in air medium for an hour. The electrical and gas sensing properties of these films were investigated. MnO2, Doped Polyaniline/Poly(Vinyl alcohol) thin films showed better ammonia and trimethyl ammine vapour response as compared to undoped Polyaniline / Poly (Vinyl alcohol) thin films. The gas response was observed to be increased with their stoichiometric composition of films. Keywords: - Trimethyl ammine, ammonia, Polyaniline, Poly (Vinyl alcohol) and dopant.
Design of t shaped fractal patch antenna for wireless applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract Since the evolution of the patch antennas, there is rapid growth observed in the applications of the patch antenna. There are number of advantages such as small size, ease of fabrication and installment, and a stable performance, so there are huge number of designs has been developed and presented by the researchers time to time. Taking an example of the mobile phone antennas, the antenna must have a small size and must be capable to resonate at multiple frequency bands. Reviewing about the various requirements of the antenna design for the wireless applications a novel multiple band fractal patch antenna has been designed. In this paper, a T-shaped patch antenna has been designed and discussed and fractal geometry has been applied to it in order to obtain self-similar characteristics. The dimensions of the Square Patch has been taken as 36 x 36 mm. Dimension of ground has been taken as been taken as 50 x 50 mm. The substrate material used for antenna design is FR-4 having dielectric constant 4.4. Antenna resonates at four operating bands 3.5 GHz, 4.48 GHz, 6.1 GHz and 8.17 GHz. This antenna has return loss of -16.76 dB, -16 dB, -28.63 dB and -15.03dB with bandwidth of 432 MHz, 332 MHz, 295 MHz and 364 MHz at resonant frequencies. Further this antenna has impressive gain of 3.55 dBi, 5.7 dBi and 3.16 dBi and 3.27 dBi at corresponding frequencies. This antenna can be useful for Wi-Max, 4G network, WLAN, Satellite & RADAR communication applications. Key Words: Wireless applications, WLAN, Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna.
New proximity estimate for incremental update of non uniformly distributed cl...IJDKP
The conventional clustering algorithms mine static databases and generate a set of patterns in the form of
clusters. Many real life databases keep growing incrementally. For such dynamic databases, the patterns
extracted from the original database become obsolete. Thus the conventional clustering algorithms are not
suitable for incremental databases due to lack of capability to modify the clustering results in accordance
with recent updates. In this paper, the author proposes a new incremental clustering algorithm called
CFICA(Cluster Feature-Based Incremental Clustering Approach for numerical data) to handle numerical
data and suggests a new proximity metric called Inverse Proximity Estimate (IPE) which considers the
proximity of a data point to a cluster representative as well as its proximity to a farthest point in its vicinity.
CFICA makes use of the proposed proximity metric to determine the membership of a data point into a
cluster.
With the rapid development in Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and their applications, more and
more geo-graphical databases have been developed by different vendors. However, data integration and
accessing is still a big problem for the development of GIS applications as no interoperability exists among
different spatial databases. In this paper we propose a unified approach for spatial data query. The paper
describes a framework for integrating information from repositories containing different vector data sets
formats and repositories containing raster datasets. The presented approach converts different vector data
formats into a single unified format (File Geo-Database “GDB”). In addition, we employ “metadata” to
support a wide range of users’ queries to retrieve relevant geographic information from heterogeneous and
distributed repositories. Such an employment enhances both query processing and performance.
A time efficient and accurate retrieval of range aggregate queries using fuzz...IJECEIAES
Massive growth in the big data makes difficult to analyse and retrieve the useful information from the set of available data’s. Existing approaches cannot guarantee an efficient retrieval of data from the database. In the existing work stratified sampling is used to partition the tables in terms of stratic variables. However k means clustering algorithm cannot guarantees an efficient retrieval where the choosing centroid in the large volume of data would be difficult. And less knowledge about the stratic variable might leads to the less efficient partitioning of tables. This problem is overcome in the proposed methodology by introducing the FCM clustering instead of k means clustering which can cluster the large volume of data which are similar in nature. Stratification problem is overcome by introducing the post stratification approach which will leads to efficient selection of stratic variable. This methodology leads to an efficient retrieval process in terms of user query within less time and more accuracy.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An investigative scheme for keyword search using inverted key tacticeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis of different similarity measures: SimrankAbhishek Mungoli
SimRank exploits object-to-object relationships very well and finds out the similarity between two objects.
We have used it in our project to find similar reasearch papers from DBLP dataset (DBLP Dataset provides a comprehensive list of research papers in computer science domain).
SimRank is a generic approach and its basic idea can also be applied to other domain of interests as well.
Clustering the results of a search helps the user to overview the information returned. In this paper, we
look upon the clustering task as cataloguing the search results. By catalogue we mean a structured label
list that can help the user to realize the labels and search results. Labelling Cluster is crucial because
meaningless or confusing labels may mislead users to check wrong clusters for the query and lose extra
time. Additionally, labels should reflect the contents of documents within the cluster accurately. To be able
to label clusters effectively, a new cluster labelling method is introduced. More emphasis was given to
/produce comprehensible and accurate cluster labels in addition to the discovery of document clusters. We
also present a new metric that employs to assess the success of cluster labelling. We adopt a comparative
evaluation strategy to derive the relative performance of the proposed method with respect to the two
prominent search result clustering methods: Suffix Tree Clustering and Lingo.
we perform the experiments using the publicly available Datasets Ambient and ODP-239
Design & simulation of dual band t shaped slot micro strip antenna for c-...eSAT Journals
Abstract Microstrip patches radiate from the currents induced on the surface of the patch because of the electromagnetic cavity with significant resonant frequencies formed between patch and ground plane according to the frequencies applied with different feeding techniques. This paper presents the design and simulation of a T-shaped Dual band Microstrip patch antenna with operating frequencies 5.40GHz, and 6.60GHz for C-Band applications. The T-shape provides Dual band characteristics with good bandwidth which is required in wireless devices with significant design characteristics and can be easily mounted on air craft, space craft, satellites, missiles etc., An Edge-Fed microstrip with substrate FR4epoxy having dielectric constant 4.4 and substrate heights of 6.5mm, 4.56 mm, 3.048mm, and 1.524mm are designed and analyzed with different parameters like VSWR, Gain, Peak directivity, Return losses, Bandwidth, Radiation efficiency, FBR etc,. This antenna design is an improvement from previous research and it is simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 software. Keywords :T-shaped slot microstrip,Dual Band, C-Band, Edge-Fed, HFSS Software 13.0
Finite element analysis of frame with soil structure interactioneSAT Journals
Abstract For the analysis of a building frame, the columns at the foundation level are considered as fixed. But in real condition it is not the case. While considering soil in the analysis of building frame 100% fixity may not be ensured. Because of the settlement and rotation of foundation, shear force and bending moment in superstructure get altered. This effect is called as “Soil Structure Interaction” Present work is to study behavior of bare frame & in-filled frame having soil beneath. In these cases three types of soils are considered, soft, medium stiff and hard. Also in-filled panel is of brick masonry only. Various cases frames are studied. The following are the cases: 1] Analysis of bare frame with soil.2] Analysis of In-filled frame with Soil.3] Analysis of Bare frame without Soil.4] Analysis of In-filled frame without Soil Frame with different combinations mentioned above (with/without infill panel, with/without soil) is analyzed by using ANSYS 14.5. These results are comprised with SSI and without SSI. Keywords: Soil Structure Interaction, In-Filled Frame, Bare Frame.
Sensing properties of mno2 doped polyanilineeSAT Journals
Abstract MnO2-Doped Polyaniline/Poly (Vinyl alcohol) thin films were prepared chemical oxidative polymerization, using microwave oven technique on glass substrate. These thin films prepared by using Analytical Reagent grade solutions of Polyaniline, Poly (Vinyl alcohol), MnO2, primary dopant hydrochloric acid are mixed in stoichiometric proportion. The solutions were kept in microwave for 10 sec then oxides with ammonium peroxydisulphate oxidant, then after kept in water bath to obtain the uniform thin films. Films were dries it in air medium for an hour. The electrical and gas sensing properties of these films were investigated. MnO2, Doped Polyaniline/Poly(Vinyl alcohol) thin films showed better ammonia and trimethyl ammine vapour response as compared to undoped Polyaniline / Poly (Vinyl alcohol) thin films. The gas response was observed to be increased with their stoichiometric composition of films. Keywords: - Trimethyl ammine, ammonia, Polyaniline, Poly (Vinyl alcohol) and dopant.
Design of t shaped fractal patch antenna for wireless applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract Since the evolution of the patch antennas, there is rapid growth observed in the applications of the patch antenna. There are number of advantages such as small size, ease of fabrication and installment, and a stable performance, so there are huge number of designs has been developed and presented by the researchers time to time. Taking an example of the mobile phone antennas, the antenna must have a small size and must be capable to resonate at multiple frequency bands. Reviewing about the various requirements of the antenna design for the wireless applications a novel multiple band fractal patch antenna has been designed. In this paper, a T-shaped patch antenna has been designed and discussed and fractal geometry has been applied to it in order to obtain self-similar characteristics. The dimensions of the Square Patch has been taken as 36 x 36 mm. Dimension of ground has been taken as been taken as 50 x 50 mm. The substrate material used for antenna design is FR-4 having dielectric constant 4.4. Antenna resonates at four operating bands 3.5 GHz, 4.48 GHz, 6.1 GHz and 8.17 GHz. This antenna has return loss of -16.76 dB, -16 dB, -28.63 dB and -15.03dB with bandwidth of 432 MHz, 332 MHz, 295 MHz and 364 MHz at resonant frequencies. Further this antenna has impressive gain of 3.55 dBi, 5.7 dBi and 3.16 dBi and 3.27 dBi at corresponding frequencies. This antenna can be useful for Wi-Max, 4G network, WLAN, Satellite & RADAR communication applications. Key Words: Wireless applications, WLAN, Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna.
Clock gated and enable-controlled 64-bit alu architecture for low-power appli...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) design is very important in any Integrated Circuit based processing system. An ALU is also
called the brain of any computing system. The Arithmetic operation and Logic operations are processed by ALU to serve the
execution of hardware computing. In the proposed design a 64-bit ALU with clock gating is implemented on FPGA for low power
and high speed applications. A low power consuming system offers the benefits like device portability, long battery life, good
performance criteria, etc. To achieve low power operational performance various techniques have been proposed in previous
works. Modification of hardware design provides the desired low power feature up to some extent of desired performance. The
power consumption can also be affected by controlling the duration of the operation of the circuit. The circuit enable control logic
provides transition signals to the operational circuit only for the duration until the results are calculated by the circuit. Once the
results are generated the circuit activity is disabled. This saves the power consumption during the extra clock operations that is
used after the generation of result by the circuit in the signal transition by the intermediate circuit. The Clock gating reduces
power by controlling the clock signal activity that in turn controls the transition of logic values in the sub-blocks of the ALU. The
power required in the undesired transitions is thus saved. The proposed design is implemented and simulated on Xilinx XC3S500E
FPGA and its software simulation is performed on Xilinx ISE Test-bench Simulator.
Keywords: ALU, Clock Gating, Dynamic Power, FPGA, Opcode, Operand, Xilinx ISE etc.
Thermal instability of incompressible non newtonian viscoelastic fluid with...eSAT Journals
Abstract The thermal convection of incompressible Walters’B′ Rotating viscoelastic fluid is considered in the presence of uniform vertical magnetic field. By applying normal mode analysis method, the dispersion relation has been derived and solved analytically. For stationary convection, Walters’B′ viscoelastic fluid behaves like an ordinary (Newtonian) fluid. It is studied that rotation has a stabilizing effect, whereas the magnetic field has both stabilizing and destabilizing effects. The rotation and magnetic field are found to introduce oscillatory mode in the system which were non – existent in their absence. The results are presented through graphs. Key words: Walters’B′ Fluid, thermal convection, viscoelasticity, Rotation, Magnetic field.
Review of facial expression recognition system and used datasetseSAT Journals
Abstract The human face is main part to recognize the individuals as well as provides the important information, current state of user behavior through their different expressions. Therefore, in biometric area of the research, automatically face & face expression recognition attracts researcher’s interest. The other areas which use such technique are computer science medicine, psychology etc. Usually face recognition system is consisting of many internal tasks. Face detection is thefirst task of such systems. Due to different variations across the human faces, the process of detecting face becomes complex. But with help of different modeling methods, it becomes possible to recognize the face and hence different face expressions. This paperpresents a literature review over the techniques and methods used for facial expression recognition. Also, different facial expression datasets available for the research or testing of existing methods of facial expression recognition are discussed. Keywords: Facial Expression, Face Detection, Features Extraction, Recognition, datasets.
Upsurge of a new alcoholic fuel era for transport sector in india, in theform...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The search is on for ways to marry the twin goals of economic development and environmental protection, one of the most promising strategies could be the use of ethanol as a renewable fuel to reduce environmental pollution from India’s transport sector while creating new jobs in rural communities. Ethanol as a gasoline blend has helped to reduce dependence on oil import and harmful vehicular emission and improve the rural economy. Since ethanol is produced from biomass such as sugarcane, molasses and grains, its widespread use has led to higher biomass yield, rural economy and growth in Industry. The main aim of this paper:
1) Economic and Environmental benefits of use ethanol in India,
2) How ethanol use has helped to improve environmental quality and promote economic development, etc.
So far, the discovery of fossil fuel reserves has more than kept pace with demand. Known resources now exceed a trillion (10¹²) tones in total compared with just over half this amount 30 years ago. Hydrocarbons get heavier, they become less volatile, and these heavier fractions make excellent liquid fuels for Cars, Lorries and Aircraft respectively. With this in mind, Ethanol, Methanol, Easter and Hydrogen are the principal renewable contenders. In the last decades, technological advances have lowered the cost of producing high quality fuels and chemical products from plant matter, while environmental regulations have raised the cost of manufacturing and using petroleum derived products, mounting evidence of the potential contribution of gasoline and diesel combustion to global climate interest in long term, sustainable fuel solutions for the transport sectors. Stakeholders, who were once adversaries, are today, working together, to move toward a “renewable energy” future.
Sol gel synthesis and characterization of lithium yttrium oxideeSAT Journals
Abstract Lithium yttrium oxide LiYO2 was synthesized for the first time by a simple citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. Three different molar ratios from low to high concentration of lithium precursor were used. The higher lithium precursor content provided purer LiYO2 powders, which were obtained by calcining the amorphous powders from the sol-gel process at lower temperature, compared to those synthesized by solid-state reaction. The optimum experimental conditions for sol-gel preparation process is 1:3 and 1:2 molar ratio of [Li(CH3COO]∙2H2O]/[Y(NO3)3∙6H2O] at 950°C and 1000°C respectively, with 6 hours of holding time. The reaction and synthesis mechanism for LiYO2 was analyzes and proposed. It was found that the calcination of dried gel generated exothermic reactions and synthesize of LiYO2 was performed by simple reaction of Li2O and Y2O3. Keywords: Lithium yttrium oxide (LiYO2), Sol–gel synthesis, mechanism.
Fault detection and diagnosis ingears using wavelet enveloped power spectrum ...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this work, automatic detection and diagnosis of gear condition monitoring technique is presented. The vibration signals in time domain wereobtained from a fault simulator apparatus from a healthy gear and an induced faulty gear. These time domain signals were processed using Laplace and Morlet wavelet based enveloped power spectrum to detect the faults in gears. The vibration signals obtained were filtered to enhance the signal components before the application of wavelet analysis. The time and frequency domain features extracted from Laplace wavelet based wavelet transform are used as input to ANN for gear fault classification. Genetic algorithm was used to optimize the wavelet and ANN classification parameters. The result shows the successful classification of ANN test process. Index Terms:Continuous wavelet transform, Envelope power spectrum, Wavelet, Filtering, ANN.
Study of abiotic factors across the brahmaputra belt in relation to its suita...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A healthy ecosystem is a result of balanced interaction between biotic and abiotic factors. Water temperature, pH, DO, FCO2, TA, TH etc are the most important abiotic factors influencing the physico-chemical and biological events of water body (Rahman et al., 2008). All species have their own optimal range for these abiotic parameters. In relation to aquatic life, there maturation time is also dependent on these parameters. These factors have great influence on aquatic life (DuttaMunshi and DuttaMunshi, 1995). This paper deals with the observation of fluctuation of these abiotic factors across the Brahmaputra Belt and its relation with aquatic life, mostly fishes.
Keywords: Water temperature, pH, DO, FCO2, TA, TH etc…
The review on automatic license plate recognition (alpr)eSAT Journals
Abstract
Nowadays vehicles play a very big role in transportation. Also the use of vehicles has been increasing because of population growth
and human needs in recent years. Therefore, control of vehicles is becoming a big problem and much more difficult to solve . The
presence of noise, blurring in the image, uneven illumination, dim light and foggy conditions make the task even more difficult.
Nowadays, intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) have a significant impact on people’s lives. ITSs include intelligent infrastructure
systems and intelligent vehicle systems. In the current information technology era, the use of automations and intelligent systems is
becoming more and more widespread. Automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) has turned out to be an important research issue.
ALPR has many applications in traffic monitoring system, including controlling the traffic volume, ticketing vehicles without the
human control, vehicle tracking, policing, security, and so on. In this paper categorize different ALPR techniques according to the
features they used for each stage, and compare them in terms of pros, cons, recognition accuracy and processing speed.
Index Terms: Automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) system, literature review, reference
Abstract For any graph 퐺= 푉,퐸 , block graph 퐵 퐺 is a graph whose set of vertices is the union of the set of blocks of 퐺 in which two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding blocks of 퐺 are adjacent. A dominating set 퐷 of a graph 퐵 퐺 is a split block dominating set if the induced sub graph 푉 퐵 퐺 −퐷 is disconnected .The split block domination number 훾푠푏 (퐺) of 퐺 is the minimum cardinality of split block dominating set of 퐺. In this paper many bounds on 훾푠푏 (퐺) are obtained in terms of elements of 퐺 but not the elements of 퐵(퐺). Also its relation with other domination parameters is established. Keywords: Dominating set/ Block graphs /split block domination graphs.
A review on stress analysis and weight reduction of automobile chassiseSAT Journals
Abstract
Chassis is the term used to define the basic structure of the vehicle. It is also referred to as carrying unit as all the units including
body are mounted on it. There are various loads acting on the chassis like inertia loads, static loads, over loads, etc. also it has to
withstand the forces induced due to sudden braking and acceleration. In this paper a review has been made on the stress analysis
of chassis by finite element analysis software packages like ANSYS, HyperWorks, etc. Weight reduction is gaining importance as
the designers are trying to reduce the excess weight form the existing vehicle design. A review of the various techniques for weight
reduction for the chassis is presented.
Keywords: chassis, finite element analysis, weight reduction, ANSYS
Abstract Face recognition is one of the crucial and important methods for the security purposes. The accuracy of the facial recognition system degrades over time. Therefore the FRS system must be up-to-date. Sometimes the system will not be up-to-date because of unlabelled face images, or because of change in the facial expressions or because of any relevant changes in face of person. Therefore in such cases also the FRS must be self-trained to make the system up-to-date. In this paper a semi-supervised version, based on the self-training method, of the classical PCA-based face recognition algorithm is proposed to exploit unlabelled data for off-line updating of the Eigen space and the templates. Reported results show that the exploitation of unlabelled data by self-training can substantially improve the performances achieved with a small set of labelled training examples. Index Terms: Eigen faces, Face recognition, face classifier, occluded faces
Study of ligninolytic bacteria isolation and characterization from dhamdha ag...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Lignin is a complex, three-dimensional aromatic polymer consisting of dimethoxylated, monomethoxylated and non-methoxylated phenylpropanoid subunits. It is the most abundant renewable carbon source on Earth. The majority of plant biomass, including stems and leaves, is composed of lignocellulose. In present study isolation, identification and characterization of ligninolytic bacterial flora were done from the agro-field, using a lignin residue. 2 types of soil samples black and mixed soil were selected from agro fields of Dhamdha of Bhilai-Durg for isolation of ligninolyitc bacterial colony. Microbes from both mixed and black soil samples were grown in solid media by Hungate method and result shown that three types of bacterial colonies (1-MS, 2-BS), were isolated from Dhandha agro field and used to check the activity of lignolytic capability. Out of 3 types colonies only 1types of colony (j-MS), was shown potential of lignin degradation. The Morphological, gram’s reaction and endospores staining reaction, biochemical characteristics of the isolate obtained from this agro-field soil samples identified with reference to Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. These identified isolate (j) - Bacillus species was shown presence of Laccase, Manganese peroxidase (MnP) and Lignin peroxidase (LiP), etc. lignin degrading enzymes. This results concluded that Bacillus sps. strain was able to degrade lignin substrate which was second abundant and waste material in the world. It is also concluded that to expand on the range of products which can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, soil bacteria was isolated by enrichment on Kraft lignin and evaluated for their ligninolytic potential as a source of novel enzymes use to generate 2nd generation biofuel from waste streams of pulping.
Keywords: Lignocellulosic, 2nd generation biofuel, Laccase, Manganese peroxidase (MnP), and Lignin peroxidase (LiP), Bacillus species
Metamaterial loaded microstrip patch antenna for quad band operationeSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, a novel design for miniaturization of microstrip patch antenna with multiband operation of microstrip antenna is proposed. The technique is based on etching out of Complimentary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) on the radiating edge of the patch antenna. Numerical simulations are presented for a patch antenna with and without CSRRs by using IE3D simulation software and measured practically. The measured results shows that antenna with CSRRs on the radiating edge of the patch antenna is resonating at four different frequency points i.e., 4.96GHz, 6.05GHz, 8.62GHz and 11.25GHz., whereas, antenna without CSRR i.e., conventional microstrip antenna is resonating at 5.98GHz. The size reduction of 16.92% is achieved and the antenna gives the overall bandwidth of 17.88%. These antennas find application in Wireless Communications. Keywords: microstrip antenna, CSRR, return loss, miniaturization, bandwidth.
Design of hexagonal fractal antenna for wlan wi max & bluetooth appl...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, hexagonal fractal antenna is investigated for wide band applications. The proposed antenna is made by removing the equilateral triangles of required dimensions. Modified line feed is used for designing the antenna to achieve wide bandwidth ranging from 1.751Ghz to 2.856Ghz with a bandwidth 47.97%.In the present work size reduction has been achieved. It offers gain of 2.88dBi, directivity of 3.12dBi and antenna efficiency of 94.57% at 1.95Ghz resonant frequency. This antenna is suitable for WLAN, WiMAX and Bluetooth applications. The proposed antenna is simulated by IE3D Zeland simulation software based on method of moments. Keywords: microstrip antenna, fractal, hexagonal bandwidth, line feed, WLAN, IE3D, miniaturization.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a peer reviewed online journal for professionals and researchers in the field of computer science. The main aim is to resolve emerging and outstanding problems revealed by recent social and technological change. IJRES provides the platform for the researchers to present and evaluate their work from both theoretical and technical aspects and to share their views.
www.irjes.com
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Abstract Learning Analytics by nature relies on computational information processing activities intended to extract from raw data some interesting aspects that can be used to obtain insights into the behaviors of learners, the design of learning experiences, etc. There is a large variety of computational techniques that can be employed, all with interesting properties, but it is the interpretation of their results that really forms the core of the analytics process. As a rising subject, data mining and business intelligence are playing an increasingly important role in the decision support activity of every walk of life. The Variance Rover System (VRS) mainly focused on the large data sets obtained from online web visiting and categorizing this into clusters according some similarity and the process of predicting customer behavior and selecting actions to influence that behavior to benefit the company, so as to take optimized and beneficial decisions of business expansion. Keywords: Analytics, Business intelligence, Clustering, Data Mining, Standard K-means, Optimized K-means
Abstract In this paper, the concept of data mining was summarized and its significance towards its methodologies was illustrated. The data mining based on Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm is researched in detail and the key technology and ways to achieve the data mining on Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm are also surveyed. This paper also conducts a formal review of the area of rule extraction from ANN and GA. Keywords: Data Mining, Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm, Rule Extraction.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Enhancing keyword search over relational databases using ontologiescsandit
Keyword Search Over Relational Databases (KSORDB) provides an easy way for casual users
to access relational databases using a set of keywords. Although much research has been done
and several prototypes have been developed recently, most of this research implements exact
(also called syntactic or keyword) match. So, if there is a vocabulary mismatch, the user cannot
get an answer although the database may contain relevant data. In this paper we propose a
system that overcomes this issue. Our system extends existing schema-free KSORDB systems
with semantic match features. So, if there were no or very few answers, our system exploits
domain ontology to progressively return related terms that can be used to retrieve more
relevant answers to user.
ENHANCING KEYWORD SEARCH OVER RELATIONAL DATABASES USING ONTOLOGIES cscpconf
Keyword Search Over Relational Databases (KSORDB) provides an easy way for casual users to access relational databases using a set of keywords. Although much research has been done and several prototypes have been developed recently, most of this research implements exact also called syntactic or keyword) match. So, if there is a vocabulary mismatch, the user cannotget an answer although the database may contain relevant data. In this paper we propose a
system that overcomes this issue. Our system extends existing schema-free KSORDB systems with semantic match features. So, if there were no or very few answers, our system exploits
domain ontology to progressively return related terms that can be used to retrieve morerelevant answers to user.
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Survey on scalable continual top k keyword search in relational databases
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 312
SURVEY ON SCALABLE CONTINUAL TOP-k KEYWORD SEARCH IN
RELATIONAL DATABASES
Syamily K R1
, G Naveen Sundar2
1
PG student, Computer Science and Engineering, Karunya University, Tamilnadu, India, syamilykraju@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Computer Science and Engineering, Karunya University, Tamilnadu, India,
naveensundar@karunya.edu
Abstract
Keyword search in relational database is a technique that has higher relevance in the present world. Extracting data from a large
number of sets of database is very important .Because it reduces the usage of man power and time consumption. Data extraction
from a large database using the relevant keyword based on the information needed is a very interactive and user friendly. Without
knowing any database schemas or query languages like sql the user can get information. By using keyword in relational database
data extraction will be simpler. The user doesn’t want to know the query language for search. But the database content is always
changing for real time application for example database which store the data of publication data. When new publications arrive it
should be added to database so the database content changes according to time. Because the database is updated frequently the
result should change. In order to handle the database updation takes the top-k result from the currently updated data for each
search. Top-k keyword search means take greatest k results based on the relevance of document. Keyword search in relational
database means to find structural information from tuples from the database. Two types of keyword search are schema-based
method and graph based approach. Using top-k keyword search instead of executing all query results taking highest k queries. By
handling database updation try to find the new results and remove expired one.
Index Terms: Top-k, keyword search, relational database, information retrieval
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Keyword search in relational database is a efficient
information extraction method. This is a simple way of
retrieving data from a large set of data with which the user
need to give the keyword only without knowing any query
language or database schemas.
In real life the database is updated frequently and so the
result will be change for each updation. The method handles
the database updation to maintain top-k result. Since the
result change with time some scoring method is used to
calculate the relevance finding the result. Based on the score
the greatest k result will consider. But it will change for the
next updation so future relevance of the result is taken. As a
result of deletion already exciting result may expired and
removed from the top results. And for insertion may cause
addition of new results into the top-k results.
This paper deals with survey the different process and
different types for each process of the keyword search in
dynamic environment. Mainly contain three aspects
keyword search in relational databases, top-k keyword
search, and keyword search in relational data streams.
Keyword search in relational database means to find
structural information from tuples from the database. Two
types are schema-based method and graph-based approach.
Using top-k keyword search instead of executing all query
results taking highest k queries. By handling database
updation try to find the new results and remove expired one.
2. KEYWORD SEARCH IN RELATIONAL
DATA BASES.
Mainly two types are there schema-based and graph-based.
2.1 Schema-Based Keyword Search on Relational
Databases.
In this method candidate networks are generated using
database schema. Next CN are evaluated. For dynamic
database schema based keyword search is used.
DISCOVER is used to create qualified joining networks of
tuples. This mainly involve two steps
Generate candidate networks of relations.
Builds plans for efficient evaluation of the set of
candidate networks.
DISCOVER system include architecture and a CN
generation algorithm. Fig -1 shows the different steps
included in it.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 313
Candidate network generation the problem of generating
redundant joining networks of tuple sets can be avoided by
this system. Solutions are mainly analysis of the condition
Database schema
Fig -1: Steps for processing Candidate networks
(check joining networks of tuples to be non-minimal) and
candidate network generation algorithm. Here check the
tuples that are joining to the candidate network are total and
minimal. Minimal means condition doesn’t contain any
tuples with leaf as no keywords. Several theorems are
introduced first theorem said about when a candidate
network tuple set repeat in CN tuple.
Candidate network generation algorithm main feature of this
algorithm is that it produce increasing size candidate
network. That means the candidate network with smallest
size and better solution are produced first.
In Evaluation of candidate networks the plan generator
module receives input as candidate networks and evaluates
them. During evaluation maximum optimization by storing
subexpersion and reuse it. Space for the plan generator for
tuple set is huge because this can be reduced by deleting the
unused subexpersion and generates tuples for small relation.
We take the intermediate result depend on the quantity
which is inversely proportional to the size of the
intermediate result and directly proportional to the
frequency of occurrence. Greedy algorithm is used in
DISCOVER.
In IR-Style keyword search it incorporate the relevance
ranking of tuples trees into our query processing framework.
This method increases the document-ranking quality and
improves the quality of keyword query results over
RDBMS. The ranking is done by combing scores of each
attributes and tuples. IR-style also introduce some
algorithms which work as per the query contain any AND or
OR semantics. The hybrid algorithm decides the strategy for
a given query at run time.
Along with IR-style m-keyword search the area over an
open-ended relational data streams. In which the size of the
connected tree is under user control. The problem is with the
costly joins to be processed over time. In order achieve high
efficiency reduce the no of intermediate results. For that a
method used is new join processing approach. In this
approach use selection/semi join instead of using joins
directly.
2.2 Graph-Based Keyword Search
The enter database is represented as a graph with nodes as
tuples and directed edges as foreign key references between
the tuples.
The bidirectional expansion is an algorithm for generating
result for keyword search on graphs. Both backward and
forward search is used. Dijkstra’s is used as backward
search algorithm. The aim of this method is reduce the
fraction of graph expansion. It create iterates only for not
frequently occurring keywords and the forward path for
frequent keywords.
Efficient and Adaptive keyword Search method integrate the
database and IR techniques. The r-radius steiner graph
problem is to avoid the complicity of large radius steiner
graphs. R-radius steiner graphs are concise and non-Steiner
nodes are excluded. And then an indexes is introduced in
order improve the efficiency of extracting r-radius steiner
graphs. The ranking function TF.IDF – based ranking is
used. Using this function calculates the score value for each
r- radius graph and combines the individual scores. This
method takes textual relevancy based on term frequency.
Instead of trees which shows partial information about how
the tuples are connected a community which contain all
keyword within a given distance is used. So the memory
usage is small. First find the all community then find top-k
communities. The main advantage of this method is which
allow the user to interactively reset the value of k during run
time. And an index is used to project a small sub graph from
the large whole graph.
Candidate network
generation
Plan generator
Tuples(Input)
Evaluate candidate
network
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 314
3. TOP-K KEYWORD SEARCH
This is an efficient keyword search method which contains
execution of the top-k queries by avoiding the production of
all the query results. IR-style keyword search and SPARK
are two methods. DISCOVER.
In IR-style keyword search it use Global Pipeline algorithm.
It is an extension of Single Pipelined algorithm. It is used
for efficiently answer a top-k keyword query over multiple
candidate networks. Input of the GP algorithm is candidate
networks and a set of non-free tuples. And the output is
stream of joining trees of ranked tuples based on the score of
the query. The idea of the algorithm is like process
execution, in place of process consider candidate network.
Concurrent execution of the CNs is done in round robin
fashion and priority that combination testing is costly.
Another technique is Skyline-Sweeping algorithm proposed
in SPARK. In advance to IR- style keyword search SPARK
reduces the number of tested combinations. Then Global
Pipeline algorithm include several unnecessary join
checking that will be reduced and so database accessing is
minimal. But this SPARK also produces testing of
combinations which cannot produce results. The Lattice
Pipeline and Maintain algorithm use the basic principles of
both previous methods that are calculate the relevance score
and processing tuples for pipelined fashion.
4. KEYWORD SEARCH IN RELATIONAL
DATASTREAMS
Like relational database relational data streams also use the
schema based frame work. Keyword search of relational
data streams use two techniques S-KWS and KDynamics
are two techniques. Operator mesh or L- Lattice is the
concept used in it.
Operator mesh is used to reduce the CPU cost during the
evaluation of joins in the CN evaluation step for database
updation. Operator tree and Operator mesh are two concepts
used in data streams. Operator trees are trees with source
operators as leaf nodes that perform selection and joins as
interior operators. During CN generation sources are added
from left to right. The operator mesh created by integrating
all operator tree so the CPU cost and memory overhead is
reduced. The memory overhead is usually occurs for storing
intermediate results.
Full mesh and Partial mesh are two query mesh is
preprocessed in a single step. But in the case of partial mesh
the preprocessing step is eliminated and the operator mesh is
automatically shrinks and grows during run time.
In scalable continual keyword search on large database
which use the L-lattice. In lattice the common sub trees are
collapsed for sharing the computational cost of the CNs.
A novel approach for scalable m- keyword query contains
two phases filter phase and join phase. In filter phase a
Table -1: Summary of the survey
Aspects Methodology Merits
Keyword search
in RDB
Schema-based, CN
evaluation [1]
Finding all
trees
Schema-based,
Ranking [2]
Improve the
quality
Schema-based, Use
selection and semi
joins[7]
Reduce
intermediate
results
Schema-based,
Ranking and scoring
method is used[9]
Calculate
initial top-k
results.
Graph-based,
Bidirectional
expansion[3]
Reduce graph
expansion.
Graph-based, r-
radius steiner
graph[4]
Concise
Top-k keyword
search
Global pipeline
algorithm[2]
work over
multiple CN
Skyline-Sweeping
algorithm[5]
Reduce db
accessing
LP and Maintain
algorithm[9]
Handle the
database
updation
Keyword search
in relational
data streams
Operator mesh[6] Reduce the
CPU-cost and
memory
overhead
KDynamics[7] Share the
computational
cost.
L-lattice Reduce
computational
cost
candidate network is processed for filter the tuples that
cannot be joined. And in the second phase include the
joining of the tuples that can be joined in to the network.
Next generate the L- lattice for the CNs.
Since the environment is dynamic it needs to respond to
continual query. The KDynamic and S-KWS finding all
query results while by taking top-k results the changing of
the results can be avoids. In order to increase the efficiency
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 315
scoring mechanism and pipelined evaluation will be added
to the KDynamic method.
The table-1 shows the overall concept of this survey on the
topic keyword search in dynamic environment.
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper the survey is conducted for comparing the
performance of different techniques used for keyword
search in dynamic environment. Keyword search in
relational database can be performed in different ways.
Based on the method used for keyword search on Relational
database two types: schema-based and graph-based. In
schema based approach sql query is converted to candidate
network. DISCOVER and IR-style methods use the CN
concept and ranking respectively. The graph-based approach
use steiner graph and bidirectional expansion on it.
Backward and forward expansion reduces the fraction of
expansion and is concise. For scalable database schema
based approach is efficient. For improving simplicity of
keyword search take only top-k results instead of taking the
whole search result. IR- style keyword search and SPARK
use GP algorithm and Skyline-Sweeping algorithm
respectively. But for updating database first calculate the
initial top-k results and then maintain the top-k results for
current after updation. Lattice pipeline and Maintain
algorithm are the algorithms used. For further improvement
scoring method and pipelined evaluation is used. And for
keyword search in relational data streams S-KWS and
KDynamics are two techniques which is for CPU cost
reduction and decrease the database accessing. For
improving the efficiency ranking mechanism is used.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I feel it a pleasure to be indebted to my guide, Mr. G
Naveen Sundar, M.E, Assistant Professor, Department of
Computer Science and Engineering for his invaluable
support, advice and encouragement and the references for
his feedback.
REFERENCES
[1]. V. Hristidis, Y. Papakonstantinou, DISCOVER:
Keyword Search in Relational Databases, VLDB, 2002.
670–681.
[2]. V. Hristidis, L. Gravano, Y. Papakonstantinou, Efficient
IR-style Keyword Search Over Relational Databases,
VLDB, 2003. 850–861.
[3]. V. Kacholia, S. Pandit, S. Chakrabarti, S. Sudarshan, R.
Desai, H. Karambelkar, Bidirectional Expansion for
Keyword Search on Graph Databases, VLDB, 2005. 505–
516.
[4]. G. Li, B.C. Ooi, J. Feng, J. Wang, L. Zhou, EASE: an
Effective 3-in-1 Keyword Search Method for Unstructured,
Semi-structured and Structured Data, ACM SIGMOD, 2008.
903–914.
[5]. Y. Luo, W. Wang, X. Lin, X. Zhou, J. Wang, K. Li,
SPARK2: top-k keyword query in relational databases,
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 23
(12) (2011) 1763–1780.
[6] A. Markowetz, Y. Yang, D. Papadias, Keyword Search
on Relational Data Streams, ACM SIGMOD, 2007. 605–
616.
[7]. L. Qin, J.X. Yu, L. Chang, Scalable keyword search on
large data streams, VLDB Journal 20 (1) (2011) 35–57.
[8] L. Qin, J.X. Yu, L. Chang, Y. Tao, Querying
Communities in Relational Databases, ICDE, 2009. 724–
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[9]. Yanwei Xu, Jihong Guan, Fengrong Li, Shuigeng Zhou
Scalable continual top-k keyword search in relational
databases, 2013 Elsevier, Data and Knowledge Engineering
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BIOGRAPHIES
Syamily K R pursuing her M.Tech in
Computer Science and Engineering
from the Department of Computer
Science in Karunya University,
Tamilnadu, India. She received her
Bachelor’s degree from Cochin
University of Science and Technology
(CUSAT) in Computer Science and
Engineering.
G. Naveen Sundar, received the B.E
degree in Computer Science and
Engineering from C.S.I Institute of
Technology, Thovalai in 2002. He
received the M.Tech degree from
Karunya University; Coimbatore in
2006.He is currently working toward
the PhD degree. He is working as an
assistant Professor in Computer
Science department of Karunya
University. His main research interests
are Association Rule Mining,
Databases and Web Mining.