SURP_Poster_2016
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Origami-based metamaterials can be used for impact mitigation applications by manipulating material properties through geometric folding patterns. The Tachi-Miura Polyhedron (TMP) exhibits rigid foldability, tunable enclosed volume, and unique strain hardening and softening behavior, making it suitable for situations requiring negative and positive stiffness. Experimental compression and decompression tests on a TMP prototype confirmed the predicted strain behavior but were quantitatively unreliable due to friction. Further testing is needed to verify analytical models, improve test reliability, and develop consistent comparison methods between experiment and theory.
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Tensile testing is a fundamental materials science method where a sample is pulled apart under controlled tension until failure. It determines how materials react under tensile stress and yields data on material properties like elastic limit and failure point. This allows designers to predict how materials will perform in applications. Tensile testing provides data on material integrity and quality, helping manufacturers ensure products are fit for purpose and meet standards. The basic approach involves applying a tensile load to a specimen and measuring its elongation until fracture to determine properties like tensile strength. Factors that influence tensile strength include additives, temperature, geometry, orientation, surface condition, loading rate and environment.
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2. Specific types of strain are described, including direct strain as deformation per unit length and shear strain measured as the change in angle.
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Experiment 4 - Testing of Materials in Tension Object .docx
Experiment 4 - Testing of Materials in Tension
Object: The object of this experiment is to measure the tensile properties of two polymeric
materials, steel and aluminum at a constant strain rate on the Tension testing machine.
Background: For structural applications of materials such as bridges, pressure vessels, ships,
and automobiles, the tensile properties of the metal material set the criteria for a safe design.
Polymeric materials are being used more and more in structural applications, particularly in
automobiles and pressure vessels. New applications emerge as designers become aware of
the differences in the properties of metals and polymers and take full advantage of them. The
analyses of structures using metals or plastics require that the data be available.
Stress-Strain: The tensile properties of a material are obtained by pulling a specimen of
known geometry apart at a fixed rate of straining until it breaks or stretches to the machines
limit. It is useful to define the load per unit area (stress) as a parameter rather than load to
avoid the confusion that would arise from the fact that the load and the change in length are
dependent on the cross-sectional area and original length of the specimen. The stress,
however, changes during the test for two reasons: the load increases and the cross-sectional
area decreases as the specimen gets longer.
Therefore, the stress can be calculated by two formulae which are distinguished as
engineering stress and true stress, respectively.
(1) = P/Ao= Engineering Stress (lbs/in
2 or psi)
P = load (lbs)
Ao= original cross-sectional area (in
2)
(2) T= P/Ai = True Stress
Ai = instantaneous cross-sectional area (in
2)
Likewise, the elongation is normalized per unit length of specimen and is called strain. The
strain may be based on the original length or the instantaneous length such that
(3) =(lf - lo)/ lo = l / lo = Engineering Strain, where
lf= final gage length (in)
lo= original gage length (in)
(4) T= ln ( li / lo ) = ln (1 +) = True Strain, where
li = instantaneous gage length (in)
ln = natural logarithm
For a small elongation the engineering strain is very close to the true strain when l=1.2 lo,
then = 0.2 and T= ln 1.2 = 0.182. The engineering stress is related to the true stress by
(5) T= (1 + )
The true stress would be 20% higher in the case above where the specimen is 20% longer
than the original length. As the relative elongation increases, the true strain will become
significantly less than the engineering strain while the true stress becomes much greater than
the engineering stress. When l= 4.0 lo then = 3.0 but the true strain =ln 4.0 = 1.39.
Therefore, the true strain is less than 1/2 of the engineering strain. The true stress (T) = (1+
3.0) = 4, or the true stress is 4 times the engineering stress.
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This document analyzes and compares the behaviors of cylindrical fatigue specimens made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy and steel using finite element analysis in Abaqus. The modal frequencies and deformations were analyzed for the first 20 modes of each material. For both materials, higher order flexions occurred at higher frequencies. Tensile stress was highest in the gauge section and highest for steel due to its higher Young's modulus. The nickel-titanium alloy specimen had a lower maximum frequency, energy, and tensile stress compared to steel. Shape memory alloys are implemented in structures for vibration control and energy dissipation during earthquakes.
Stress vs. Strain Curve
The document discusses how to determine the mechanical properties of a material from a stress-strain curve generated by a uniaxial tensile test. A cylindrical material sample is placed in a tensile testing machine and force is applied to elongate the sample while measuring changes in length. A graph of applied stress versus strain is generated and used to identify properties like proportional limit, elastic limit, yield strength, ultimate strength, and modulus of elasticity. The stress-strain curve also indicates whether a material is brittle or ductile based on its percent elongation. Mechanical properties determined from this process guide material selection based on strength, stiffness, and ductility requirements.
Som
This document provides an introduction to strength of materials (SOM). It defines key terms like strength, stiffness, stability, and durability. It discusses the basic problem in SOM as developing methods to design structural elements that consider strength, stiffness, stability, and economy. It also outlines the main hypotheses in SOM, including the material being continuous, homogeneous, and isotropic. It then discusses different types of stresses like tensile, compressive, and shear stresses. It provides stress-strain curves for ductile materials and defines modulus of elasticity. Examples of calculating stresses and strains in structural elements are also provided.
Tensile testing-laboratory
1) Tensile tests were conducted on four materials: A-36 steel, 6061-T6 aluminum, polycarbonate, and PMMA. The tests determined properties like ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and yield strength.
2) A-36 steel had the highest ultimate tensile strength and true fracture strength, while 6061-T6 aluminum had a higher yield strength than steel. Polycarbonate was the most ductile.
3) Engineering stress-strain curves were plotted from the test data and used to calculate material properties like modulus of resilience and toughness.
Stress analysis in chair- Case study
This document presents a case study on stress analysis of a chair frame conducted by mechanical engineering students. The study involves creating a 3D CAD model of a chair frame, selecting mild steel as the material, and conducting finite element analysis in ANSYS to analyze stresses on the frame under different loads. The results show that as load increases, stress, strain, and deformation also increase proportionally. Comparison of FEA results with theoretical calculations verifies the analysis. The conclusion is that stress on the frame decreases with increasing frame dimensions under the same load.
Lab3report
This document summarizes a lab where students used an Instron Universal Testing Machine to perform tensile and compressive tests on various materials to generate stress-strain plots and determine material properties. Students tested an unknown metal, carbon fiber, nylon, and plaster of paris. They identified the unknown metal as grade 340 X steel based on its mechanical properties. Analysis of the stress-strain plots and material properties showed carbon fiber has the highest specific strength and stiffness. The document outlines the procedures, results, and conclusions from the material testing and analysis.
Material Modelling of PVC for Change in Tensile Properties with Variation in ...
This document describes material modelling of PVC plastic to account for changes in tensile properties with variations in strain rate. Tensile tests were conducted on PVC specimens at different strain rates (500 mm/min, 50 mm/min, 10 mm/min) according to ASTM standards. The stress-strain curves from testing showed the yield point shifting with increasing strain rate, indicating PVC modulus does not change with strain rate. The data was used to develop a linear fit equation relating yield strength to the log of strain rate for the PVC material model in LS-DYNA software. Validation simulations were performed and stress-strain curves compared to experimental data to refine the material model.
IRJET-Analysis of Functionally Graded Thick Walled Truncated Cone Pressure Ve...
This document analyzes the stresses in thick-walled truncated conical pressure vessels made of functionally graded materials (FGM) using finite element analysis in ANSYS. It first provides background on FGMs and discusses previous analytical research on stresses in cylindrical and spherical pressure vessels with exponentially varying material properties. It then outlines the problem formulation, modeling of material properties, geometry, and finite elements in ANSYS. Validation of the finite element model is discussed. The goal is to determine how non-homogeneous, exponentially varying material properties in FGM pressure vessels impact induced stresses compared to homogeneous materials.
Thesis - Design a Planar Simple Shear Test for Characterizing Large Strange B...
This document presents the results of a finite element analysis of a tensile loaded shear sample used to characterize the large strain behavior of sheet metals. The analysis validated that the gauge section experiences a state of simple shear. Additional simulations examined the effects of mesh sensitivity, fillets in the gauge section corners to reduce stress concentrations, and a smaller gauge section aspect ratio. The tensile loaded shear sample was concluded to produce a simple shear state in the gauge section.
Gw3412651271
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
SPH4.pptx
The document summarizes several studies on simulating friction stir welding and processing using meshfree methods like smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). It discusses how Pan et al. used SPH to model each particle as a representative volume element and coupled it with crystal plasticity modeling. It also summarizes studies by Ansari et al. on modeling the plunging phase and how rotational speed affects stresses and strains, and Xiao et al.'s modified SPH model to simulate heat transfer. Material models used for aluminum alloys in the simulations are also outlined.
Thank you for the presentation, there are some things I would like.docx
Thank you for the presentation, there are some things I would like to point out that I don't think are mentioned in the power point slides you prepared.
For questions 3 it says that I have to give three suitable examples to discuss the importance of shape and materials in the design and manufacture of engineering structures to achieve their mechanical functions and optimal performance -> you only mentioned one or two examples only it says that we need three examples, so can please make them three examples and explain more about each example according to the question that has been asked?
For question 4 it says that we need to propose a novel materials with cross section shape / structure function which we think they have higher bending resistance and torsion resistance per unit area, 2 concepts for each case explaining where your ideas came from and the rationale behind them, ways to test them and targeted applications -> you have mentioned two examples however you did not mention where your ideas came from and the rationale behind them. You also mentioned ways of testing them and their targeted applications; however you did not go in depth. So can I ask you please to do the slides in a way that answers every components mentioned in the question and include the missing parts that you did not include in the presentation.
OVERALL
hello I asked my teacher and he told me there is a mistakes in point 3 and 4. 3. Using suitable examples (at least three), discuss the importance of shape and materials in the design and manufacture of engineering structures in order to achieve their mechanical functions and optimal performances (3-5 slides). (30%)
you can use this example 1-tennis racket 2-bicycle frame.3-pressure vessel.
4. Latest development of 3D printing and composite materials have opened up the possibility to produce very complex shapes/structures which can’t be produced through traditional manufacture process (e.g. machining), propose potential novel materials with new cross-section shape/ structure/functions, which you think may give a higher bending resistance and torsion resistance per unit area. (Minimum 2 concepts each case, ideally in solid work sketch). Explain where your ideas come from and the rational behinds them, propose ways to test your ideas and targeted applications (4-8 slides) (20%).
Also I attached a file that can help you do the last two point 3 ad 4
Accident Prevention Plan
(Your Name)
TECH 462 –Industrial Safety Engineering
(Date)
Table of Contents
Introduction
Purpose & Intentions Page x
Company Presidents Statement Page x
Management Responsibilities
Manager Responsibilities Page x
Supervisors Responsibilities Page x
Employee Orientation
How and When Page x
Emergency Action Plan Page x
Emergency Shutdown Procedures Page x
Injury and Illness Procedures
Procedures Page x
Record Keeping Page x
Supervisor Responsibilities Page x
Repo ...
1-tension.pdf
The static tension test determines the strength of a material when subjected to stretching. A standard test specimen is pulled slowly until failure using a testing machine. The shape is usually round, square, or rectangular. Dimensions depend on standards but the gage length must have a uniform cross-section. The stress-strain diagram is analyzed to determine properties like yield stress, tensile strength, elongation, modulus of elasticity, and toughness. True stress and true strain consider changes in cross-sectional area during plastic deformation.
Similar to SURP_Poster_2016 (20)
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IRJET-Analysis of Functionally Graded Thick Walled Truncated Cone Pressure Ve...
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Thesis - Design a Planar Simple Shear Test for Characterizing Large Strange B...
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Thank you for the presentation, there are some things I would like.docx
Thank you for the presentation, there are some things I would like.docx
SURP_Poster_2016
- 1. Origami Based Metamaterials with Impact Mitigation Applications Riley Pratt PI: Dr. Jinkyu Yang Mentor: Hiromi Yasuda Laboratory for Engineered Materials and Structures Why Origami? References Acknowledgments Prototype Testing Conclusions and Future Work 1. H. Yasuda, and J. Yang. PRL 114, 185502 (2015). 2. H. Yasuda, T. Yein, T. Tachi, K. Miura, and M. Taya, Proc. R. Soc. A 469, 20130351 (2013). Mentors: Dr. Yang, and Hiromi Yasuda Funding: The Washington NASA Space Grant Consortium Facilities: CoMotion MakerSpace 2D • 3D structures can be created by folding 2D sheets, thus simplifying the manufacturing process. Geometry Dictates Material Properties • By changing the geometry of the folding pattern, the material properties can be manipulated (stiffness, Poisson’s ratio, etc.). Tachi-Miura Polyhedron (TMP) Folding motion of the TMP. Rigid foldability Enclosed volume changes with folding motion Tunable Poisson’s ratio Predicted force vs. displacement curve for α = 70˚ . Unique pattern of strain hardening and softening shows the structure can be used in situations requiring negative and positive stiffness Experimental testing apparatus. Compression Tests Decompression Tests Testing results from three decompression tests and four compression tests. Zero displacement represents unfolded initial height (prototype height is 188 mm). Experimental data follows a similar trend to predicted behavior The predicted strain softening (negative slope) was experimentally confirmed Current experimental results confirm the strain hardening and softening behavior of the TMP but are quantitatively unreliable, and further testing is required to experimentally verify the analytical results Friction in the experimental apparatus needs to be reduced to increase test reliability A new prototype that is more conducive to compression tests needs to be designed A consistent method of comparison between analytical and experimental results must be developed Applications: Impact mitigation and absorption (bulletproof vests, sports helmets, variable stiffness pneumatic springs, etc.)