This document discusses two methods for calculating runoff from rainfall: the Khosla formula and the SCS-CN method. Both methods are used to estimate runoff and how much rainfall will become surface runoff rather than infiltrating into the soil.
The document discusses frequency analysis of point rainfall data. Frequency analysis is used to determine the probability of occurrence of a particular rainfall amount to obtain the relationship between rainfall magnitude and its probability of exceedance. This can be done through empirical and analytical methods by plotting rainfall data and fitting extreme value distributions respectively. The return period is defined as the average time period between occurrences of an event of a defined magnitude. Probable maximum precipitation is the greatest physically possible rainfall for a given duration over a location.
This document discusses methods for selecting design floods for hydraulic structures. It describes three types of design floods: spillway design flood, standard project flood, and probable maximum flood. The spillway design flood is used for spillway design. The standard project flood results from extreme but plausible meteorological conditions. The probable maximum flood represents the physically possible worst case flood. The document also provides examples of calculating design floods using the Gumbel method and defines safety factors and margins of safety for flood discharge estimates.
Extreme value distribution to predict maximum precipitationJonathan D'Cruz
The document analyzes extreme rainfall events in Mumbai, India to determine maximum probable precipitation amounts for different return periods. It describes using the Hershfield technique and Gumbel's extreme value theory to analyze 35 years of rainfall data for Mumbai's Colaba region. Calculations determine the probable maximum precipitation is 604.688036 mm based on past data, and estimate maximum one-day rainfall amounts for return periods from 2 to 100 years.
The document discusses various methods for estimating flood peaks, including the rational method, empirical formulas, unit hydrograph technique, and frequency analysis. It describes estimating time of concentration, rainfall intensity, and flood magnitude from watershed characteristics. Frequency analysis involves determining a probability density function from data, validating it using plotting positions, and estimating flood magnitudes for different return periods.
This document summarizes a study comparing flood risk analysis using hydrologic routing and hydraulic modelling. It presents the determination of probable maximum flood hydrographs for two upstream hydropower projects. Flood routing was conducted using the Muskingum method between the projects and the Ratle dam site. Hydraulic modelling was also performed using HEC-RAS software. Results found the peak outflows from each method were similar, validating the approaches. The study examines both methods as important for consistency in project flood estimation.
This document discusses floods and methods for estimating peak flood discharge. It begins by defining a flood and design flood. It then describes various methods for estimating peak flood discharge, including using physical indicators, empirical formulas, unit hydrographs, the rational method, and flood frequency studies. As an example of applying the rational method, it calculates the peak discharge for a culvert project in Alberta, Canada with a 50-year return period. It also provides an example of using Gumbel's extreme value distribution to estimate flood discharges with 100-year and 150-year return periods based on annual maximum flood data from 1951-1977.
The document discusses frequency analysis of point rainfall data. Frequency analysis is used to determine the probability of occurrence of a particular rainfall amount to obtain the relationship between rainfall magnitude and its probability of exceedance. This can be done through empirical and analytical methods by plotting rainfall data and fitting extreme value distributions respectively. The return period is defined as the average time period between occurrences of an event of a defined magnitude. Probable maximum precipitation is the greatest physically possible rainfall for a given duration over a location.
This document discusses methods for selecting design floods for hydraulic structures. It describes three types of design floods: spillway design flood, standard project flood, and probable maximum flood. The spillway design flood is used for spillway design. The standard project flood results from extreme but plausible meteorological conditions. The probable maximum flood represents the physically possible worst case flood. The document also provides examples of calculating design floods using the Gumbel method and defines safety factors and margins of safety for flood discharge estimates.
Extreme value distribution to predict maximum precipitationJonathan D'Cruz
The document analyzes extreme rainfall events in Mumbai, India to determine maximum probable precipitation amounts for different return periods. It describes using the Hershfield technique and Gumbel's extreme value theory to analyze 35 years of rainfall data for Mumbai's Colaba region. Calculations determine the probable maximum precipitation is 604.688036 mm based on past data, and estimate maximum one-day rainfall amounts for return periods from 2 to 100 years.
The document discusses various methods for estimating flood peaks, including the rational method, empirical formulas, unit hydrograph technique, and frequency analysis. It describes estimating time of concentration, rainfall intensity, and flood magnitude from watershed characteristics. Frequency analysis involves determining a probability density function from data, validating it using plotting positions, and estimating flood magnitudes for different return periods.
This document summarizes a study comparing flood risk analysis using hydrologic routing and hydraulic modelling. It presents the determination of probable maximum flood hydrographs for two upstream hydropower projects. Flood routing was conducted using the Muskingum method between the projects and the Ratle dam site. Hydraulic modelling was also performed using HEC-RAS software. Results found the peak outflows from each method were similar, validating the approaches. The study examines both methods as important for consistency in project flood estimation.
This document discusses floods and methods for estimating peak flood discharge. It begins by defining a flood and design flood. It then describes various methods for estimating peak flood discharge, including using physical indicators, empirical formulas, unit hydrographs, the rational method, and flood frequency studies. As an example of applying the rational method, it calculates the peak discharge for a culvert project in Alberta, Canada with a 50-year return period. It also provides an example of using Gumbel's extreme value distribution to estimate flood discharges with 100-year and 150-year return periods based on annual maximum flood data from 1951-1977.
This document is a final report for a course on sustainable urban design.
It begins with an introduction to Kajang, Malaysia, including a brief history and overview of its current demographics, landmarks, food, tourism, and facilities.
The main body of the report discusses concepts of urban design like the compact city, quality of life factors, sustainable transport, environmental stresses, and how to plan for culture, leisure, tourism and community buildings. It also covers transportation infrastructure and future energy options.
The report provides analysis of these topics through numerous sub-sections with headings like "The compact city and quality of life", "Provisional steps to a liveable city", and "Environmental stress and urban policy
The document summarizes simulations of an existing city condition and proposed improvements for Kajang, Malaysia using the SimCity simulation. The first simulation analyzed the existing condition while the second proposed a mixed-use community with improved public transport, road networks, and other upgrades to make the city more sustainable by conserving land, enhancing living environments, and ensuring efficient development. The conclusion recommends mixing residential and commercial areas, upgrading transport and roads, enhancing green space, improving healthcare and education to make Kajang a more sustainable town.
Kajang is a city located in Selangor, Malaysia that was established in 1709. It has experienced rapid population growth in recent years. Several new townships have been developed, making the areas more accessible. However, Kajang faces issues like traffic congestion, poor public transportation, lack of green spaces, and air pollution. The document proposes solutions for Kajang like developing a more compact city with higher density and mixed uses, improving public transportation through new rail systems and electric vehicles, utilizing renewable energy sources, and creating a sustainable wastewater system.
P57600 Quiz Results Ecological Footprint Quiz by Center for Sustainable Economyarmada7000
This quiz result summary indicates that if everyone lived the lifestyle of the person who took the quiz, we would need 2.55 Earths to sustain our ecological footprint. It encourages the person to reduce their footprint. It also provides the date the results were generated and copyright information for the Center for Sustainable Economy, the organization that created the ecological footprint quiz.
This document compares the linear buckling analysis of two flat plates with different thicknesses (1 mm and 5 mm). Finite element modeling and eigenvalue analysis were conducted using LUSAS software. The results show that the thicker plate has a much higher buckling load than the thinner plate, indicating that increased thickness improves a plate's resistance to buckling from compressive forces.
This document compares the linear buckling analysis of flat plates with different thicknesses. Two flat plates with thicknesses of 1mm and 5mm were modeled and analyzed using LUSAS finite element software. The results showed that thicker plates had higher buckling loads, with the 5mm plate's buckling load being over 10 times greater than the 1mm plate's load. In conclusion, a plate's thickness directly influences its buckling value, with thicker plates exhibiting higher buckling strengths.
KA6564 Assignment 4 - Urban Public Transport Reportarmada7000
This document presents the findings of a public transport study for the Kajang, Bandar Baru Bangi, Putrajaya, Bandar Seri Putra and Nilai 3 areas in Malaysia. Current public transport options include bus services, train services, and taxis. However, the study found several issues with the existing system including unsuitable locations of transport facilities causing traffic, shortage of parking, and lack of coverage in some areas. The study aims to propose improvements to the public transport system to meet the growing demand by year 2020, including potential light rail options and enhancements to bus and taxi services.
This document provides information about two transportation projects being considered by a state government.
The first project involves constructing a 25km road over 2 years with an estimated cost of RM900 million. Benefits include reduced vehicle operating costs and travel time savings. The project is economically viable with a benefit-cost ratio of 4.47 and internal rate of return of 47%.
The second project involves constructing a 95km highway over 2 years with an estimated cost of RM998 million. The project will be privatized with a 17-year concession. Computations are provided to calculate the net present value of costs and benefits over the concession period using discount rates of 8% and 19%. The benefit-cost ratio is 1.0 and
The document summarizes an urban transportation study of a city divided into six zones. It provides land use data and calculates the production and attraction of trips for each zone based on residential units and commercial floor area. It then balances the production and attraction values and computes the origin-destination trip matrix between zones. Finally, it sketches the trip interchanges between the six zones.
The document discusses a proposed development near the Putrajaya-Kajang highway consisting of an office building and condominium tower. It provides information on trip generation rates and transport mode split. The key tasks are to:
1) Calculate production, attraction, and number of persons entering/exiting per hour
2) Calculate number of vehicles entering/exiting by mode
3) Determine minimum bridge width if 80% of attraction is from Kajang
The document outlines the tasks, costs, and timeline for constructing an administrative block and hostel block for a medical faculty training centre in Bangi. It details 26 main tasks for the construction project, including site clearing, piling work, substructure work, superstructure work, roofing, architectural finishes, electrical and mechanical services, external works, and commissioning. The total projected cost for the entire construction project is 8,086,000.00 and the scheduled start date is February 1st 2012 with a planned completion date of June 30th 2013.
The document summarizes a site visit for a construction management class to a project site in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. Approximately 25 students attended the visit where they received an in-depth explanation from the contractor and consultant. The purpose was to provide students with knowledge of real-world project management practices. The project involves constructing a 19-story laboratory and administration block and 3-story M&E block for a university hospital. Tim Sekata Sdn Bhd is the main contractor responsible for managing costs, schedule, and performance. As of October 2011, the project was 0.13% ahead of schedule.
This document discusses the DELWAQ-BLOOM model for predicting algal biomass. It includes sections on nutrient cycling, simulation methods, and modeling uncertainties. The model accounts for nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica cycles. It assumes algae consume ammonia and nitrate, and optionally models uptake of atomic nitrogen. Key reactions are nitrification/denitrification. The backtracking simulation approach allows any time step duration without restrictions of the traditional approach.
The document discusses modeling natural resources systems and related infrastructure. It describes reservoirs and their primary use of regulating downstream water flows over time and space. Reservoirs have three types of storage capacities: active storage for water supply, dead storage for sediment collection, and flood storage to reduce potential downstream flood damage. Wetlands and swamps are also important elements that provide regulating functions for water quantity and quality through processes like flood attenuation and self-purification. They support valuable ecological systems. River basin models focus on tracking water quantities to determine if supply meets various demands and identify solutions. Water quality and ecology are analyzed separately using models of specific parts like reservoirs.
The document discusses water resource management through two case studies: the Mekong River and Nile River. For the Mekong River, investments are being made to develop its resources for fishing, irrigation, flood control, hydropower, tourism, and navigation. However, proposed dams could cause environmental risks like deforestation and impacts to wildlife. For the Nile River, Egypt's population is growing and the government is increasing agricultural area and industrial development, but this requires cooperation with other Nile basin countries. Both case studies show water resource planning and management is challenging and requires research and stakeholder involvement to find shared solutions.
The document provides information on several intelligent urban traffic management systems that a hometown administrator is considering installing: SCATS, SCOOT, ITACA, MAXBAND, UTOPIA-SPOT, and BALANCE. It describes each system's application, benefits, and how they use real-time traffic data from detectors to continuously optimize traffic signal timing in order to minimize delays. SCATS is currently used in many cities worldwide and in Malaysia, while SCOOT is a leading adaptive traffic control system that models traffic flows and optimizes signal splits, offsets, and cycle times. ITACA similarly uses traffic modeling to continuously adjust signal parameters and minimize stops and delays.
The document proposes upgrading an existing CCTV camera system with smart surveillance cameras. It evaluates AGD Systems - Traffic Information and Measurement Equipment as a smart camera solution. AGD Systems can provide real-time traffic data like speed, direction, occupancy, and queues. This data can be sent to a traffic control center and used for applications like traffic monitoring, incident detection, and travel time calculation. Sketches are included to enhance the explanation of how AGD Systems can perform traffic counting, speed determination, vehicle classification, and incident detection.
This document summarizes the process of determining the optimum cycle time, green time splits, and offset time for two signalized intersections.
For each intersection, the saturation flow, actual flows, and green splits are calculated based on the given data. The optimum cycle time is then determined using the Webster's formula.
The green time is then allocated to each phase and rounded up. The offset time between the two intersections is calculated to be 8 seconds based on the distance between them, vehicle speed, queue length, and loss time.
KA6414_Sustainable Urban Design - Stockholm Cityarmada7000
The document summarizes information about the sustainable urban planning of Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm has a population of over 2 million people and is known for its natural beauty and architecture. The city's 1999 plan focuses on sustainable development through brownfield redevelopment and densification along public transit lines. A green map was also created to define a network of parks and green spaces throughout the city. The plan aims to make Stockholm a sustainable city by reusing existing land and transforming former industrial areas.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This document is a final report for a course on sustainable urban design.
It begins with an introduction to Kajang, Malaysia, including a brief history and overview of its current demographics, landmarks, food, tourism, and facilities.
The main body of the report discusses concepts of urban design like the compact city, quality of life factors, sustainable transport, environmental stresses, and how to plan for culture, leisure, tourism and community buildings. It also covers transportation infrastructure and future energy options.
The report provides analysis of these topics through numerous sub-sections with headings like "The compact city and quality of life", "Provisional steps to a liveable city", and "Environmental stress and urban policy
The document summarizes simulations of an existing city condition and proposed improvements for Kajang, Malaysia using the SimCity simulation. The first simulation analyzed the existing condition while the second proposed a mixed-use community with improved public transport, road networks, and other upgrades to make the city more sustainable by conserving land, enhancing living environments, and ensuring efficient development. The conclusion recommends mixing residential and commercial areas, upgrading transport and roads, enhancing green space, improving healthcare and education to make Kajang a more sustainable town.
Kajang is a city located in Selangor, Malaysia that was established in 1709. It has experienced rapid population growth in recent years. Several new townships have been developed, making the areas more accessible. However, Kajang faces issues like traffic congestion, poor public transportation, lack of green spaces, and air pollution. The document proposes solutions for Kajang like developing a more compact city with higher density and mixed uses, improving public transportation through new rail systems and electric vehicles, utilizing renewable energy sources, and creating a sustainable wastewater system.
P57600 Quiz Results Ecological Footprint Quiz by Center for Sustainable Economyarmada7000
This quiz result summary indicates that if everyone lived the lifestyle of the person who took the quiz, we would need 2.55 Earths to sustain our ecological footprint. It encourages the person to reduce their footprint. It also provides the date the results were generated and copyright information for the Center for Sustainable Economy, the organization that created the ecological footprint quiz.
This document compares the linear buckling analysis of two flat plates with different thicknesses (1 mm and 5 mm). Finite element modeling and eigenvalue analysis were conducted using LUSAS software. The results show that the thicker plate has a much higher buckling load than the thinner plate, indicating that increased thickness improves a plate's resistance to buckling from compressive forces.
This document compares the linear buckling analysis of flat plates with different thicknesses. Two flat plates with thicknesses of 1mm and 5mm were modeled and analyzed using LUSAS finite element software. The results showed that thicker plates had higher buckling loads, with the 5mm plate's buckling load being over 10 times greater than the 1mm plate's load. In conclusion, a plate's thickness directly influences its buckling value, with thicker plates exhibiting higher buckling strengths.
KA6564 Assignment 4 - Urban Public Transport Reportarmada7000
This document presents the findings of a public transport study for the Kajang, Bandar Baru Bangi, Putrajaya, Bandar Seri Putra and Nilai 3 areas in Malaysia. Current public transport options include bus services, train services, and taxis. However, the study found several issues with the existing system including unsuitable locations of transport facilities causing traffic, shortage of parking, and lack of coverage in some areas. The study aims to propose improvements to the public transport system to meet the growing demand by year 2020, including potential light rail options and enhancements to bus and taxi services.
This document provides information about two transportation projects being considered by a state government.
The first project involves constructing a 25km road over 2 years with an estimated cost of RM900 million. Benefits include reduced vehicle operating costs and travel time savings. The project is economically viable with a benefit-cost ratio of 4.47 and internal rate of return of 47%.
The second project involves constructing a 95km highway over 2 years with an estimated cost of RM998 million. The project will be privatized with a 17-year concession. Computations are provided to calculate the net present value of costs and benefits over the concession period using discount rates of 8% and 19%. The benefit-cost ratio is 1.0 and
The document summarizes an urban transportation study of a city divided into six zones. It provides land use data and calculates the production and attraction of trips for each zone based on residential units and commercial floor area. It then balances the production and attraction values and computes the origin-destination trip matrix between zones. Finally, it sketches the trip interchanges between the six zones.
The document discusses a proposed development near the Putrajaya-Kajang highway consisting of an office building and condominium tower. It provides information on trip generation rates and transport mode split. The key tasks are to:
1) Calculate production, attraction, and number of persons entering/exiting per hour
2) Calculate number of vehicles entering/exiting by mode
3) Determine minimum bridge width if 80% of attraction is from Kajang
The document outlines the tasks, costs, and timeline for constructing an administrative block and hostel block for a medical faculty training centre in Bangi. It details 26 main tasks for the construction project, including site clearing, piling work, substructure work, superstructure work, roofing, architectural finishes, electrical and mechanical services, external works, and commissioning. The total projected cost for the entire construction project is 8,086,000.00 and the scheduled start date is February 1st 2012 with a planned completion date of June 30th 2013.
The document summarizes a site visit for a construction management class to a project site in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. Approximately 25 students attended the visit where they received an in-depth explanation from the contractor and consultant. The purpose was to provide students with knowledge of real-world project management practices. The project involves constructing a 19-story laboratory and administration block and 3-story M&E block for a university hospital. Tim Sekata Sdn Bhd is the main contractor responsible for managing costs, schedule, and performance. As of October 2011, the project was 0.13% ahead of schedule.
This document discusses the DELWAQ-BLOOM model for predicting algal biomass. It includes sections on nutrient cycling, simulation methods, and modeling uncertainties. The model accounts for nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica cycles. It assumes algae consume ammonia and nitrate, and optionally models uptake of atomic nitrogen. Key reactions are nitrification/denitrification. The backtracking simulation approach allows any time step duration without restrictions of the traditional approach.
The document discusses modeling natural resources systems and related infrastructure. It describes reservoirs and their primary use of regulating downstream water flows over time and space. Reservoirs have three types of storage capacities: active storage for water supply, dead storage for sediment collection, and flood storage to reduce potential downstream flood damage. Wetlands and swamps are also important elements that provide regulating functions for water quantity and quality through processes like flood attenuation and self-purification. They support valuable ecological systems. River basin models focus on tracking water quantities to determine if supply meets various demands and identify solutions. Water quality and ecology are analyzed separately using models of specific parts like reservoirs.
The document discusses water resource management through two case studies: the Mekong River and Nile River. For the Mekong River, investments are being made to develop its resources for fishing, irrigation, flood control, hydropower, tourism, and navigation. However, proposed dams could cause environmental risks like deforestation and impacts to wildlife. For the Nile River, Egypt's population is growing and the government is increasing agricultural area and industrial development, but this requires cooperation with other Nile basin countries. Both case studies show water resource planning and management is challenging and requires research and stakeholder involvement to find shared solutions.
The document provides information on several intelligent urban traffic management systems that a hometown administrator is considering installing: SCATS, SCOOT, ITACA, MAXBAND, UTOPIA-SPOT, and BALANCE. It describes each system's application, benefits, and how they use real-time traffic data from detectors to continuously optimize traffic signal timing in order to minimize delays. SCATS is currently used in many cities worldwide and in Malaysia, while SCOOT is a leading adaptive traffic control system that models traffic flows and optimizes signal splits, offsets, and cycle times. ITACA similarly uses traffic modeling to continuously adjust signal parameters and minimize stops and delays.
The document proposes upgrading an existing CCTV camera system with smart surveillance cameras. It evaluates AGD Systems - Traffic Information and Measurement Equipment as a smart camera solution. AGD Systems can provide real-time traffic data like speed, direction, occupancy, and queues. This data can be sent to a traffic control center and used for applications like traffic monitoring, incident detection, and travel time calculation. Sketches are included to enhance the explanation of how AGD Systems can perform traffic counting, speed determination, vehicle classification, and incident detection.
This document summarizes the process of determining the optimum cycle time, green time splits, and offset time for two signalized intersections.
For each intersection, the saturation flow, actual flows, and green splits are calculated based on the given data. The optimum cycle time is then determined using the Webster's formula.
The green time is then allocated to each phase and rounded up. The offset time between the two intersections is calculated to be 8 seconds based on the distance between them, vehicle speed, queue length, and loss time.
KA6414_Sustainable Urban Design - Stockholm Cityarmada7000
The document summarizes information about the sustainable urban planning of Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm has a population of over 2 million people and is known for its natural beauty and architecture. The city's 1999 plan focuses on sustainable development through brownfield redevelopment and densification along public transit lines. A green map was also created to define a network of parks and green spaces throughout the city. The plan aims to make Stockholm a sustainable city by reusing existing land and transforming former industrial areas.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM