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Surface mining
- 1. SURFACE MINING Mohammad EsaRasuly Esarasuly4@gmail.com Esmatulla Ahmadi Safiullah zahid III-B.Tech Mining Engineering GIET (A) Rajahmundry
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- 3. MINING METHODS There aremainly two method for extraction of minerals which are as follows . 1.Underground Mining 2.Surface Mining
- 4. FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICEOF MINING METHODS • Depth of the deposit • Shape of the deposit • Thickness of the deposit • Gradient of the deposit • Availability of machineries • Economic value of minerals • Characteristics of roof and floor Photo from www.google.com
- 5. SURFACE MINING • Surfacemining is done by removing (stripping) surface vegetation, dirt, and, if necessary, layers of bedrock in order to reach buried ore deposits (or) surface mining is the process of extraction of minerals by removal of overburden . • Overburden is the rock or waste material which is lying on the mineral to be owned . • Surface mining is also know as , Open pit, Open cast and Strip Mining. • Sump should be located at the bottom of the Mine . • Height and width of the bench . • Drilling and blasting .
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- 7. METHOD OF SURFACEMINING INCLUDES • Open-pit mining: Which is the recovery of materials from an open pit in the ground . • Quarrying: Identical to open-pit mining except that it refers to sand, stone and clay. • Strip mining :Which consists of stripping surface layers off to reveal ore/seams underneath . • Mountaintop removal: Commonly associated with coal mining, which involves taking the top of a mountain off to reach ore deposits at depth.
- 8. DIFFERENT TYPE OFMACHINERY AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM USED IN SURFACE MINES • Drill Machine • Shovel + Dumper • Dragline • Surface Miner • Bucket Wheel Excavator • In-pit Crusher + Spreader • Belt Conveyors System • Rail Transport System • Tracks
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- 13. BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR Photofrom www.google.com
- 14. ADVANTAGES OF SURFACEMINING • Like Underground Mining no minerals are blocked as shaft pillars , supports , roadways etc. • Roof control and ventilation is not required . • Low cost as compared to Underground Mining . • Low labor requirement than Underground Mining. • Hazards and dangers are lesser than Underground Mining . • Quality control is easy . • Female labors can work in Surface Mining. • High degree of mechanization is possible . • High explosives can be used .
- 15. LIMITATION OF SURFACEMINING • This method can be uneconomic for extracting the minerals at a depth of more than 300 m . • There maybe huge environmental problems . • Weather affects . • Limited by striping ratio. • Require a remote area for mine waste deposal . • Degradation of surface land .
- 16. CONCLUSION • About 85%of the world coal is obtained by open cast mining method . • By this method, more production can be obtained than underground mining method. • Less time required to full fill the production in less than 50% of underground mining method. • Greater output per mine , output up to 50 million tones per mine are being obtained in the former USSR as against 8 million tones for the largest Underground Mine. • Greater simplicity in auxiliary operation and service .
- 17. REFERENCES • Surface MiningTechnology (second enlarge edition) by: Samir Kumar Das • Elements of Mining Technology (Vol. 1&3) By: D.J.Deshmukh • Principles and Practices of Modern Coal Mining By: R.D.Singh • Photos from www.Google.com • Some information has been taken from www.Wikipedia.org
- 18. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • The presenterswish to acknowledge the Management and faculty members of GIET and Aditya engineering colleges for providing an opportunity to do this task. • And also the presenters acknowledge the parents, friends for their continuous encouragement in doing this work.